Influence of Temperature on the Quantity of Bisphenol A in Bottled Drinking Water (original) (raw)

Release of bisphenol A from polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate drinking water bottles under different storage conditions and its associated health risk

2018

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a controversial plastics ingredient used mainly in the production of polycarbonate plastics (PC) and epoxy resins that widely used nowadays in food and drink packaging. Even though BPA is not involved in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacturing, recent study had reported the present of BPA in PET water bottle. This study was conducted to investigate effects storage conditions on release of BPA from PC and PET bottled water as well as to assess health risks associated with consumption. Methods: Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to extract the samples, followed by analysis using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (UHPLC-FLD). The possibility of developing chronic non-carcinogenic health risk among consumers of bottled water was evaluated using hazard quotient (HQ). Results: Results showed that BPA migrated from PC and PET water bottles at concentrations ranging from 9.13 to 257.67 ng/L and 11.53 ng/L to ...

Effects of temperature and storage time on bisphenol A migration from polycarbonate bottles into water: Analysis using UV-visible spectrophotometric method

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have received widespread attention over the years due to their deleterious effects on human health. Bisphenol A (BPA) - a monomer used globally in producing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, is a prototypic EDC that has received widespread attention due to its estrogenic activity. BPA has been detected in human serum, urine, amniotic fluid, placenta tissues, and umbilical cord blood. Its presence in the human population has been ascribed to consuming BPA-contaminated food due to its migration from polycarbonate plastics. However, little is known about the inimical health hazard of BPA migrating from polycarbonate bottles into food or drinks in Nigeria and how temperature and storage duration can influence its migration into any contact media. To address this problem, we scrutinized the effect of storage time and temperature on BPA migration from 3 selected polycarbonate water bottles and a brand of polycarbonate baby feeding bottles into ...

Bisphenol A Detection in Various Brands of Drinking Bottled Water in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2012

To assess whether bisphenol A contamination occurred in seven brands of bottled drinking water in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Liquid-liquid extraction (using dichloromethane) was used to analytically extract bisphenol A from drinking water bottles and a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer was employed for its detection using a splitless capillary column and helium as the carrier gas. Results: The concentration of bisphenol A (BPA) was high in all the bottled water brands tested. The mean concentration of BPA of the bottled water stored indoors (4.03 ng/L) was significantly lower than that stored outdoors (7.5 ng/L). Conclusion: Our results show that significant amounts of BPA leached from bottle containers into the water. Long storage of bottled water under direct sunlight should be avoided to reduce the risk of human exposure to BPA.

A VALIDATED UPLC-UV METHOD FOR BISPHENOLA (BP-A) LEVELS DETECTION IN IMPORTEDPLASTIC TOYS AND DRINKING BOTTLED WATER IN KUWAIT

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

Objectives: Bisphenol A (BP-A) is an essential component of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, phthalates and polycarbonate plastics linked by ester bonds, and it can leach out of plastics at high temperature, acid and basic medium. BP-A is known to have an endocrine disrupting effect and recent studies have started to link its levels as causative factors in many diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and other endocrine diseases. Kuwait is considered one of the hottest countries in the world, and measurements of BP-A levels due to leakage from plastics have never been reported from this Middle-Eastern country. This study measures the levels of BP-A in four randomly selected plastic toys and two plastic water bottles from two different companies after storage at 45 °C for four days. Methods: An ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detector (UPLC-UV) analytical method was established to investigate BP-A levels in four of randomly chosen plastic toys (plastic tiger-plastic Lego blocks-plastic doll-small dolls) stored at 45 °C for 4 days. BP-A was extracted with 1 L of water and samples were analyzed by UPLC-UV. Results: The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the established analytical method were equal to 0.4 ppb and 1 ppb, respectively. The analytical method was able to measure accurately and precisely traces of BP-A in all randomly selected toys. BP-A levels was239 ppb in plastic tiger, 30 ppb in plastic Lego, 4 ppb in plastic doll, 3 ppb in small dolls and 59 ppb in drinking bottled water. Conclusion: The importance of BP-A level in plastics analysis raised due to its health concerns. Heat is a major factor for bisphenol leakage from plastics. However, Kuwait is considered one of the hottest countries, where high level leakage of BP-A from plastic toys and plastic water bottles for drinking water could pose significant health risks. Surprisingly, BP-A was detected in all randomly selected plastic toys and one out of two randomly selected polyethylene terephthalate (PET) drinking bottled water. Therefore, imported mineral water should be filled in a glass container rather than plastics due to high climate temperature. Moreover, Toys manufacturers should use BP-A free plastics or clearly specify storage conditions of their plastic products in order to prevent potential health risks resulting from BP-A leakage.

Migration of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles under real use conditions Part A Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment

Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2008

Migration of the potential endocrine disrupter bisphenol A (BPA) from 31 polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles into aqueous food simulants was studied under real repetitive use, with a sensitive and fully validated liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection. Confirmation of the presence of BPA was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The effects of cleaning with dishwasher or with a brush, sterilization with boiling water and the temperature of migration were examined. It was shown that temperature was the crucial factor for the migration of BPA from the plastic bottles to water. All the samples released BPA in the concentration range of 2.4-14.3 µg kg-1 , when they were filled with boiled water and left at ambient temperature for 45 min. The decrease of BPA release in the sterilization water and in the food simulant over twelve cycles of use indicated that the hypothesis of polymer degradation in water is rather doubtful. The estimated infantile dietary exposure, regarding the use of PC baby bottles, ranged between 0.2 and 2.2 µg kg-1 bw d-1 , which is below the Tolerable Daily Intake of 50 µg kg-1 bw, recently established by EFSA.

Determination of bisphenol a in baby bottles and drinking containers by high liquid chromatography

Acta Periodica Technologica, 2019

Bisphenol A is a monomer used primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastic is used in a wide variety of digital media products, electrical and electronic equipment, sport safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, etc. Epoxy resins are used in engineering applications, paints and adhesives and also in a variety of protective coatings in metal cans for foods, bottle tops and water supply pipes. The content of BPA was evaluated in 16 samples (6 baby bottles and 10 drinking containers - can) collected during 2018/2019, of which three baby bottles and 8 cans were collected in 2018, while three baby bottles and 2 cans in 2019. A simple HPLC-FLD analytical method was validated for the quantitation of BPA from baby feeding bottles and cans. The separation was performed on a C18 column. Good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.3-6.0 ?g/mL with the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9998. The limit of detection (L...

Effects of Water Bottle Materials and Filtration on Bisphenol A Content in Laboratory Animal Drinking Water

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 2017

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins that are found in laboratory animal husbandry materials including cages and water bottles. Concerns about BPA exposure in humans has led to investigations that suggest physiologic health risks including disruptions to the endocrine system and CNS. However, the extent of exposure of laboratory animals to BPA in drinking water is unclear. In the first study, we compared the amount of BPA contamination in water stored in plastic bottles used in research settings with that in glass bottles. The amount of BPA that leached into water was measured across several time points ranging from 24 to 96 h by using a BPA ELISA assay. The results showed that considerable amounts of BPA (approximately 0.15 μg/L) leached from polycarbonate bottles within the first 24 h of storage. In the second study, BPA levels were measured directly from water taken from filtered compared with unfiltered taps. We observed significantly h...

Human health risk assessment of bisphenol A released from polycarbonate drinking water bottles and carbonated drinks exposed to sunlight in Nigeria

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2020

This study investigated the release of a known endocrine disruptorbisphenol A (BPA), in drinking water and carbonated drinks stored in polycarbonate bottles and exposed to sunlight with a view of assessing the health risk involved in their consumption. BPA in the samples was extracted using solid-phase extraction method and determined with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detector. Results showed that there were significant increase (p < 0.05) in BPA concentration of bottled water and carbonated drink exposed at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days. Also, there were enrichment of BPA levels ranging 31-868% in the bottled water and 17-920% carbonated drinks from 1 to 60 days when compared with the control. However, BPA migrating rate decreases with increase in exposure duration and later remains fairly constant as exposure duration progresses. The chronic daily intake of BPA in carbonated drinks and bottled water were low. The health risk index of BPA in polycarbonate bottled carbonated drinks and water was less than one in both adult and child and thus, there may be no probable adverse health effect on consumers of such products. However, caution should be taken as BPA is also released from other food packaging materials.

Trace analysis of environmental endocrine disrupting contaminant bisphenol A in canned, glass and polyethylene terephthalate plastic carbonated beverages of diverse flavors and origin

Food Science and Technology

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a hazardous contaminant demonstrating endocrine disrupting properties, and assumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of various cancer diseases for instance prostate, lung and breast cancer. The objective of the present study was to estimate the BPA amounts in carbonated beverages from the Saudi Arabian market for the first time using an authenticated technique based on solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of thirty-four carbonated beverages of different flavors, origin and packaging materials were studied. The beverage production periods were from February 2018 to July 2018 containing volume (250-1000 mL), packaging materials were of canned, glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic. BPA amounts in canned (0.64-11.41 µg/L), glass bottled (1.92-29.56 µg/L) and PET plastic bottled (0.37-21.83 µg/L) were obtained with recovery (97.64-99.96%). Relatively, glass bottled has offered higher amounts of BPA compared to PET plastic bottled and canned samples. The unforeseen presence of BPA especially in glass bottled emphasizes the ubiquity of such compound beside the food fabrication chain, far off to the food packaging materials. Thus, a further knowledge on BPA amounts in glass bottled samples, in addition to threat assessment studies, is essential to defend human health.