Compliments and Compliment Responses in Romanian Conversational Discourse (original) (raw)
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STUDIA LINGUISTICA HUNGARICA 28, 2013
Polite linguistic behaviour belongs to everyday interactions, to the utterances of social interactions, and typical manifestations of this behaviour include appreciative utterances, compliments, praises to our communication partner and related responses. This paper will attempt to delineate a possible analysis of responses to appreciative utterances. It focuses on responses to compliments, but for this it is necessary to consider appreciative utterances as well. The theoretical frame of the analysis is based on cognitive stylistics (Tolcsvai Nagy 2005) beyond pragmatics that gives a functional approach to language by directing attention to the connection between cognitive and socio-cultural conditions. Primarily this is a stylistic analysis, however; based on pragmatic research, it aims to show its stylistic adaptability. To interpret the utterances is important to know the context of the interaction which is part of the meaning. As language prompts for the construction of meaning in particular contexts with particular cultural models and cognitive resources (Fauconnier 2003, 2004), it is not independent of the context (on the notion of context, see Tátrai 2004, 2011: 51—67). In the first part of the paper, politeness in a broader theoretical framework will be interpreted as well as its relationship to style, focusing on socio-cultural factors as determinants of stylistic meaning. In chapter three, interpretations of the concept of compliment and its cultural dimensions will be reviewed. In chapter four, which contains the empirical analysis and discusses responses to compliments, its relationship with the socio-cultural factors (particularly those of situation and value) will be examined.
National and Cultural Specificity of Speech Acts of a Compliment in English and Russian
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2022
The French word "etiquette" means "label". this idea is regarded as a philosophical, ethical, and linguistic and cultural notion and therefore the failure of etiquette in speech is a great problem of communication. As everybody knows, etiquette, including speech, may be a set of rules of behavior that are associated with the external manifestation of attitudes to people. The external manifestation usually shows the inner essence of the connection , which should naturally be mutually polite and type. But the very fact that etiquette has a national character, has its own cultural characteristics, takes it beyond the scope of one science. The study of speech etiquette needs special attention because it stands at the intersection of linguistics, cultural theory and history, ethnography, country studies, psychology, and other disciplines. Here, we will consider etiquette from the point of view of linguoecology as an obligatory component of linguoculturology. The article analyzes the national and cultural specificity of compliments in Russian and English.
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN PHILOLOGY. INNOVATIVE METHODS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES - Volume 1, 2021
The article has revealed the study in the field of pragmatics. It analyzes the speech acts of complimenting in Ukrainian and American cultures. This is especially important in linguistic interaction between people. Compliments as speech acts have the reflection and expression of cultural values. Many of the values reflected through compliments are personal appearance, new acquisitions, possessions, talents and skills. The objective of compliment expressions is to establish or to reinforce solidarity. The article presents the results of a cross-cultural study of the speech act of complimenting, comparing many aspects of Ukrainian and American English compliments to find similarities and differences in: compliment form, role relationship of the participants, gender of the giver and receiver of the compliment, compliment frequency and attributes praised. This study describes syntactic patterns or formulas that could be used to define the structure of the compliments. It shows particular characteristic that could distinguish some compliments from others, explain and understand some factors of meaning toward the compliments. The results in this study yield important implications to use compliments across the Ukrainian and American cultures. The information provided informs cultural patterns that will help avoid pragmatic failure and has implications for teaching English to Ukrainians and for teaching Russian and Ukrainian to speakers of English. Knowing how to use speech acts, allows the speaker to have communicative and pragmatic competences.
Interlanguage: Compliments' Speech Tactics
Interlanguage: Compliments' Speech Tactics, 2019
Every speaker of a native language undergoes an interlanguage continuum or the way that the language learners go through from the first to the second language. Interlanguage is an essential theory for teachers to know what goes on in the learning process. It makes the teachers look at the varieties of mistaken linguistic forms with an eye for improvement. Interlanguage is the main motive to conduct this research. The article aims to analyze the interlanguage used by the Ukrainian participants. The study analyzes how semi-fluent to fluent Ukrainian speakers of English produce compliments as a speech act. Then the results to the linguistic patterns of the same speech act to those used by native speakers of English in the US are compared. Participants were interviewed via a survey to collect the following data: compliment forms, correlation of compliment formulas, Russian/Ukrainian transfer of typical compliments, and common idiomatic complement expressions. The results of this study have cultural implications in the teaching of the second language (English) in the Ukrainian context. To simplify the act of complimenting second language (L2) students, the research suggests some main speech tactics of producing compliments based on metalinguistic awareness and contextual factors. It helps to attain pragmatic teaching goals and supports the interlanguage development of learners to be more productive in their second language.
ANALYSIS OF "COMPLIMENT" as a COMMUNICATIVE SITUATION The sociolinguistic aspects
11th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, 2017
Compliment is an integral part of the Hispanic culture, a vivid manifestation of the character of the Hispanic speaking ethnic groups. The article describes functioning of the speech etiquette in specific situations of communication, which are joined by the common intention of the compliment. The authors suggest the definition of a piropo-compliment and cumplido-compliment. The article highlights the main factors for layering and situational variability, influencing the choice of speech units in these thematic situations. It also confirms that social factors impact the communicative situation of "compliment". The article highlights that the choice of a certain compliment depends on specific factors, such as: social affiliation, occupation, level of education, level of education, degree of acquaintance, role relations of communicants, the tone of relations between the communicants, communication situation, communication setting, age, gender, place of residence (city, rural), temper and temperament. The provisions of the article can be used in teaching the Spanish language, designing new linguo-cultural studies courses on lexicology as well as in translation practice.
A Sociopragmatic Analysis of Compliment Responses in Persian
Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies, 2012
This paper reports on the findings of a study designed to investigate the cultural and social complexities governing the compliment responses among the Persian native speakers. 200 Persian respondents took a 24-item Discourse Completion Task (DCT) while 15 native field workers were also set responsible for collecting the examples of complimenting exchanges they either observed or participated in. The results suggested a significant effect for the treated intervening social variables of age, gender, educational background, social distance, and relative power as well as compliment topics in determining the type of compliment response. The responses were further suggestive of the contextual effects of the three systems of hierarchical, solidarity and deferential as well as a newly coined system as kinship system.
An Investigation into the Speech Act of Compliment Response in Persian
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 2013
The purpose of this study is to investigate the compliment responses in Persian language. Drawing on Herbert's (1986), Mile (1994), Rose and Kwai-Fun (2001), and also the data of the current study, 18 types of compliment responses were identified. Based on different compliment topics [such as appearance, ability, possession and nationality], the researcher along with 12 others as assistants who were instructed how to give compliments got engaged in conversations with different people to compliment them. They complimented people from various professions, contexts, cities and educational levels. The majority [67.6%] of our corpus of 756 naturally occurring compliment responses fell into the main category of "agreement". However, the absence of the compliment response "no-acknowledgement", the high rate of two or three part appreciation token along with a significant portion of " making offer" attest to the culturallyspecific Iranian features such as modesty and Ta'arof. Additionally, no significant differences were found between males and females in terms of compliment response types, or the degree of modesty or Ta'arof. Nonetheless, there existed significant differences with regard to topics of compliment in a sense that most of the compliments given on nationality (89%) were accepted while in the case of physical and mental domain, it was not that much high. Like other studies in pragmatic area, this study also indicates that compliment response is cross-naturally varied, different, and hence warrants more attention in instruction and material development.