Rapidly modifiable factors associated with full vaccination status among children in Niamey, Niger: A cross-sectional, random cluster household survey (original) (raw)
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Background and Objectives: Economically-disadvantaged Sub-Saharan African children are not fully protected from vaccine-preventable diseases. Maternal education is a promoting factor associated with child vaccination. However, both socio-economic status and maternal education factors are not easily modifiable. This study aimed to identify factors associated with full vaccination status of children in Niamey, Niger. Methods: A cross-sectional, multi-stage randomized cluster survey was conducted in Niamey’s five health districts. Data on vaccination coverage and socio-economic household characteristics were collected. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with data on 445 pairs of mothers and their children aged 12-23 months.Results: Of 445 children, 38% were fully vaccinated. Mothers who were satisfied with their health worker’s attitude and had correct vaccination calendar knowledge (AOR 5.32, 95% CI 2.05-13.82) were more likely to have fully vaccinated children. Mothers who ha...
BMC pediatrics, 2024
Background Achieving universal health coverage includes ensuring that children have access to vaccines that are of high quality, safe, efficacious, and affordable. The Immunisation Agenda 2030 aims to expand services to zerodose and incompletely vaccinated children and reduce immunisation rate disparities as a contribution to vaccination equity. This study explored the factors influencing full vaccination status among children aged 12-23 months in a rural district of the Upper East Region of Ghana. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among carers of children aged 12-23 months in the Kassena Nankana West district. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 360 carers. Information regarding the vaccination status of children was gathered through a combination of children's health record books and carers' recollections. Information on potential determinants was also systematically collected for analysis in Stata version 15.0. Results The results showed that 76.9% (95% CI: 72.3-81.0) of children had full vaccinations per the national schedule. All children received at least one vaccination. A higher percentage of carers with incompletely vaccinated children reported that they had travelled with their children as the primary reason for missing certain vaccine doses. Full vaccination status was significantly associated with secondary (aOR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.20-5.63) and tertiary (aOR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.34-11.84) maternal educational level, being in a partnership relationship (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.03-4.25), and residing in close proximity to healthcare facilities (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21-0.80). Conclusions Our study found that nearly one-quarter of children aged 12-23 months in the study setting are underserved with vaccination services for a variety of reasons. Effectively reaching these children will require strengthening health systems, including eliminating vaccine shortages, addressing the unique challenges faced by unmarried women with children aged 12-23 months, and improving accessibility to vaccination services.
International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2020
Immunization is a cost-effective public health intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey of 2018 indicated that only 5.4% of children aged 12-23 months in Dutse, Jigawa State was fully immunized. The study was conducted to identify the determinants of routine immunization coverage in Dutse area of Jigawa state. The study adopted a cross-sectional method.450 children aged 12-23 months were sampled. Interviews of mothers of these children were carried out using a structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of immunization, vaccination status of children and reasons for non-vaccination. The study defined a fully immunized child as a child who had received one dose of BCG, three doses of the oral polio vaccine, three doses of Diptheria-Pertussis-Tetanus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine by 12 months of age. The study performed bivariate analysis and logistic regression using Epi-info software. The findings of the study reveal that the mean age of mothers and children were 27 years (standard error (SE): 0.27 year) and 17 months (SE: 0.8 months) respectively. 79% of mothers had no formal education while 84% did not possess satisfactory knowledge of immunization. Only 7.6% of children were fully immunized. Logistic regression showed that possessing satisfactory knowledge (Adjusted OR=18.4, 95% CI=3.6-94.7) and at least secondary education (Adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI=1.2-10.6) were significantly correlated with full immunization. The major determinants of immunization coverage were maternal knowledge and educational status. Raising the level of maternal knowledge and increasing maternal literacy level is essential to improve immunization coverage in this community.
Determinants of routine immunization coverage in Bungudu, Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria, May 2010
Pan African Medical Journal, 2014
Introduction: Immunization is a cost-effective public health intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey of 2008 indicated that only 5.4% of children aged 12-23 months in Bungudu, Zamfara State were fully immunized. We conducted this study to identify the determinants of routine immunization coverage in this community. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. We sampled 450 children aged 12-23 months. We interviewed mothers of these children using structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on immunization, vaccination status of children and reasons for non-vaccination. We defined a fully immunized child as a child who had received one dose of BCG, three doses of oral polio vaccine, three doses of Diptheria-Pertusis-Tetanus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine by 12 months of age. We performed bivariate analysis and logistic regression using Epi-info software. Results: The mean age of mothers and children were 27 years (standard error (SE): 0.27 year) and 17 months (SE: 0.8 month) respectively. Seventy nine percent of mothers had no formal education while 84% did not possess satisfactory knowledge on immunization. Only 7.6% of children were fully immunized. Logistic regression showed that possessing satisfactory knowledge (Adjusted OR=18.4, 95% CI=3.6-94.7) and at least secondary education (Adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI=1.2-10.6) were significantly correlated with full immunization. Conclusion: The major determinants of immunization coverage were maternal knowledge and educational status. Raising the level of maternal knowledge and increasing maternal literacy level are essential to improve immunization coverage in this community.
Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, 2016
INTRODUCTION United Nations General Assembly Special Session set a goal for full immunization of children less than one year old at minimum coverage of 90% nationally and 80% in every district or equivalent administrative 1 unit by 2010. Despite global progress in the use of 2 immunization as a child survival strategy, coverage values for all the major vaccines for children in 3 Nigeria are still below the 80% level. Furthermore, Nigeria accounted for 14% of incompletely 4 vaccinated children globally in 2011. According to Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013, vaccination status of children varied with residence (urban or rural) and geopolitical zones. The survey showed that 42.5% of children 12-23 months old were fully vaccinated in 5 urban areas compared to 15.8% in rural areas. A recent vaccine summit in Nigeria highlighted long distance to vaccination posts as a barrier to 6,7 immunization in rural areas. In a study in Edo State, South-South Nigeria, the investigators found that a higher percentage of children had full vaccination in a community where vaccination posts were located (68.4%) than children brought to those posts from other communities for vaccination 8 (53.1%). Other determinants of vaccination coverage in rural areas may exist. Therefore, investigations into coverage and determinants of vaccination in rural communities where vaccination services are available and accessible are required. Highlighting these additional determinants can provide a wider range of opportunities for improvement in vaccination coverage in rural areas in Nigeria,
Determinants of vaccination coverage in rural Nigeria
BMC Public Health, 2008
Background Childhood immunization is a cost effective public health strategy. Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) services have been provided in a rural Nigerian community (Sabongidda-Ora, Edo State) at no cost to the community since 1998 through a privately financed vaccination project (private public partnership). The objective of this survey was to assess vaccination coverage and its determinants in this rural community in Nigeria Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2006, which included the use of interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge of mothers of children aged 12–23 months and vaccination coverage. Survey participants were selected following the World Health Organization's (WHO) immunization coverage cluster survey design. Vaccination coverage was assessed by vaccination card and maternal history. A child was said to be fully immunized if he or she had received all of the following vaccines: a dose of Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), three doses of oral polio (OPV), three doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), three doses of hepatitis B (HB) and one dose of measles by the time he or she was enrolled in the survey, i.e. between the ages of 12–23 months. Knowledge of the mothers was graded as satisfactory if mothers had at least a score of 3 out of a maximum of 5 points. Logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of full immunization status. Results Three hundred and thirty-nine mothers and 339 children (each mother had one eligible child) were included in the survey. Most of the mothers (99.1%) had very positive attitudes to immunization and > 55% were generally knowledgeable about symptoms of vaccine preventable diseases except for difficulty in breathing (as symptom of diphtheria). Two hundred and ninety-five mothers (87.0%) had a satisfactory level of knowledge. Vaccination coverage against all the seven childhood vaccine preventable diseases was 61.9% although it was significantly higher (p = 0.002) amongst those who had a vaccination card (131/188, 69.7%) than in those assessed by maternal history (79/151, 52.3%). Multiple logistic regression showed that mothers' knowledge of immunization (p = 0.006) and vaccination at a privately funded health facility (p Conclusion Eight years after initiation of this privately financed vaccination project (private-public partnership), vaccination coverage in this rural community is at a level that provides high protection (81%) against DPT/OPV. Completeness of vaccination was significantly correlated with knowledge of mothers on immunization and adequate attention should be given to this if high coverage levels are to be sustained.
World Journal of Vaccines, 2014
Background/Objectives: Performance of the vaccination programme in Nigeria is lower than the regional average as well the 95% target necessary for sustained control of vaccine preventable diseases. This study is aimed at assessing the vaccination coverage and its associated factors in children aged 11 -23 months in Enugu Metropolis. Methods: A cross sectional study in which caregivers and their children pair, aged 11 -23 months attending children's outpatient clinics in Enugu metropolis was undertaken. Respondents were selected consecutively while data were collected using pretested interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 while level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of full vaccination. Results: Of 351 subjects studied, 84.9% (298) were fully immunized according to the national programme on immunization schedule using both vaccination cards and history. The OPV0, OPV3, pentavalent-1, pentavalent-3 and measles coverage at the time of survey were 100.0%, 97.2%, 98.0%, 98.6%, 96.9% and 95.4%, respectively. On logistic regression: maternal occupation (government employees), children born in government hospitals and knowledge of when to start and complete vaccinations in a child were the likely predictors for completion of full vaccination in the children. Conclusion: The vaccination coverage among the study group was adjudged to be relatively high. Delivery of a child in a government hospital and the knowledge of the age when routine vaccinations should begin * Corresponding author.
2017
Background: The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) aims at delivering primary immunization services to at least 90% of infants. This study seeks to evaluate routine vaccination coverage using estimated and survey generated populations and also investigates the reasons for inadequate levels of routine vaccination coverage. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all 11,101 households spread across 111 communities in the 12 administrative wards of Orhionmwon LGA of Edo state in October 2016. Results: A total of 1209 children under the 0-11 month’s age bracket had been fully immunized. From this figure, 72.9% of the children had been fully immunized based on the actual population (1657) of children as discovered from this survey while 12.5% of the children in the same aforementioned age bracket had been fully immunized based on the projected target population (9625). Obstacles (40%), ‘lack of information (33%)’ and ‘lack of motivation (27%)’were the major reason why surve...
Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Childhood Vaccination Status in Sokoto State, Nigeria
2021
Immunization remains one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions worldwide. Despite the critical role of vaccines in improving childhood and maternal health, Sokoto state recorded the lowest childhood vaccination completion rate among the 37 states in Nigeria with only 5% of children aged 12-23 months having had full childhood vaccination based on data from the 2018 demographic and health survey. The factors associated with the state’s low childhood vaccination status have not been explored. The study examined the relationship between the sociodemographic factors including parents’ socioeconomic and ethnoreligious factors, place of residence, and children’s biological characteristics and childhood vaccination status in Sokoto state. The social-ecological model provided the framework for the study. Data were obtained from the 2018 demographic and health survey. Descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square, and simple and multiple logistic regression analyses...
Pakistan Journal of Public Health
Background: The National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 revealed that, only 25% of the children had received all recommended vaccines and about 21% of children were unvaccinated which is far below World Health Organization (WHO) target of (80%). The objective of this study is to assess the complete immunization coverage and its determinants among children under 2 years in Arewa and Dandi LGA, North west, Nigeria. Methods: A cross -sectional community- based study was conducted in 2 Local Government Areas (LGA) in Kebbi State, North West Nigeria, during October 2016 to March 2017. Around 420 households were interviewed by trained data collectors on assessment of vaccination status of the children based on vaccination cards and mother's verbal reports. Descriptive statistics, Bivariate and multivariate logistics regression analyses were used to assess the factors associated with complete immunization status. Results: About 66.4% of children under 2 years were un-vaccina...