Response to grain yield in different varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) In soil salinity in the Astara region (original) (raw)

Present Scenario of Global Salt Affected Soils, its Management and Importance of Salinity Research

International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2019

Salt-affected soils have gained global concern. The world population is increasing rapidly, while the cultivable land is decreasing gradually 1-2% per year. As a result it is threatening the sustained productivity from the limited land resources to meet food and nutritional demands. Soil degradation due to salinization is considered a major constraint for agricultural productivity. Currently approximately 1125 million hectares of lands are salt-affected, of which approximately 76 million hectares are affected by human-induced salinization and sodification. Therefore, tackling salinity problem is very crucial to achieve food security. Two strategies- fighting salinity and living with salinity are suggested by International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) to overcome salinity problems. Conducting researches to find high salt tolerant plant species and remove salts from the affected lands applying bio-techniques are also very important. Minimizing the exposure of cultivable land to salinity and recovering or utilizing salt-affected land for agriculture is crucial to attain future food security.

Published as part of a theme on Salt-Prone Land Resources

Salinization of soils is a major impediment to their optimal utilization in many arid and semi-arid regions throughout the world. In several large irrigation schemes, salinity-induced land degradation has increased steadily over the last few decades with concurrent reductions in agricultural pro- ductivity and sustainability. Currently, saline soils occur within at least 100 countries. These soils need explicit approaches in their amelioration since soil salinization cannot be reduced by routine irrigation and crop management practices. The approaches used to ameliorate saline soils can be broadly divided into four major categories: (1) leaching of bare saline soils to move excess soluble salts from upper to lower soil depths or out of soil profile in the presence of a natural or artificial drainage system; (2) leaching of cropped saline soils with certain plant species, which can withstand ambient salinity levels; (3) surface flushing or mechanical removal of salts from soils that ...

Saving fresh water by crop cultivation on salinizing soils, a survey

2014

Global soil salinization covers large coastal and inland areas as a result of climate warming and poor irrigation practices. Water supply for the cultivation of vegetable and fodder crops covers a major part of fresh water sources at the expense of drinking water and water for industrial purposes. Salinity adapted crops are being cultivated in saline agriculture. Some high salt tolerant crops produce well under seawater (EC 40-50 dS/m) irrigation, other crops can be cultivated under brackish conditions. First we consider soil salinization viewed by soil scientists and crop physiologists. Second, we discuss the definition of salt tolerance of crops and measurement of salt tolerance in the field and other controlled indoor conditions. Growth response curves obtained under field or indoor conditions indicate how crop yield varies with increased salinity. Above a threshold salinity value in the curve, plant yield decreases with increased salinity (slope). Threshold salinity and slope va...

Cropland Soil Salinization and Associated Hydrology: Trends, Processes and Examples

Water, 2018

While global food demand and world population are rapidly growing, land potential for cropping is steadily declining due to various soil degradation processes, a major one of them being soil salinization. Currently, approximately 20% of total cropland and 33% of irrigated agricultural land are salinized as a result of poor agricultural practices and it is expected that by 2050, half of the croplands worldwide will become salinized. Thus, there is a real need to better understand soil salinization processes and to develop agricultural practices that will enable production of the needed amount of food to feed humanity, while minimizing soil salinization and other degradation processes. The major sources of solutes in agricultural environments are: (i) the soil itself, and the parent geological material; (ii) shallow and salt rich groundwater; and (iii) salt rich irrigation water. The salinization of soil is a combination of transport of solutes towards the root zone to replenish evapo...

Crop Response in Salt-Affected Soils

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2005

Salt-affected soils, those on which plant growth is limited by an excess of salts, are of three types: (i) saline soils in which electrical conductivity is > 4 dSm Ϫ1 ; (ii) sodic soils in which the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) is > 15; and (iii) saline-sodic in which the electrical conductivity (EC) is > 4 dSm Ϫ1 and ESP is > 15. Salt-affected soils are most common in aridic moisture regimes, and secondary salinization A. Eynard was affiliated with

The Disastrous Effects of Soil Salinity and pH on Environmental Systems

Soil salinity is a natural element of arid and semi-arid climates and it is becoming a growing concern in the soils across the world. When water-soluble salts build in a soil, it gets salinized. These salts contain chloride, sulphate, carbonate, bicarbonate and sodium in addition to potassium and magnesium. Due to shortage of oxygen, soil with a high salt level becomes incapable of supporting plant and animal life. This review discusses the causes of salinity, its impact on plant growth, their limits/standard in the environment systems and case studies of saline land. Besides this, salinity levels in streams and lands are generally rising as a result of rising groundwater levels. Most of the rural and urban communities have lost productive cropland and water supplies due to natural instability to these environments and human induced interferences. Crop productivity, seed germination soil and water quality are adversely affected by soil salinity. A coastal region is also particularly vulnerable to climate change. There is a need to study soil salinization and its measures in detail for sustainable environmental systems.

Soil Salinity and Its Management

Soil Moisture Importance, 2021

Soil salinity is a growing threat all over the world due to its toxic effect to reduce soil fertility and water uptake in the crops. An average of 418 million ha soil is saline in nature. Various climatic, geomorphic and rainfall pattern causes which involved in saline soil formation. To reduce the toxic effect proper management of saline soil is required. Irrigation water also a major concern regarding soil salinity management. Saline irrigation water enhances and maintains the severity soil salinity. Crop production aspects root zone salinity provides a strong negative impact on soil fertility. Salinity causes the reduction in nutrient ion, and water uptake has a significant negative effect on crop yields. Soil and water salinity interactions and their influence on crop growth and management of salinity are deliberated in this chapter.