Antibacterial potential of isolated marine fungal species against Human bacterial Pathogens (original) (raw)
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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
The current study was carried out to isolate and identify marine fungi from the coastal region of Mumbai and assess their antibacterial potential. Aspergillus fumigatus, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides, Trichophyton rubrum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Alternaria alternate, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and Aspergillus terreus were isolated and identified. The metabolite extraction was carried out by broth fermentation and extraction of dry mycelium using organic solvents like chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Antibacterial potential of fungal metabolites was assessed by well diffusion method. Different concentrations (2-150 µg/ml) of extracts of broth and dry mycelia were tested against organisms like Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results revealed that chloroform and ethanolic extracts (2 µg/ml) from C. cladosporioides broth fermentation exhibit 100% growth inhibition of test organisms. Mycelium ethanolic extract of A. fumigatus, ethyl acetate extract of C. cladosporioides and chloroform extract of C. pseudocladosporioides exhibited maximum (100%) growth inhibition against all test organisms at 2 µg/ml. The study confirms the antibacterial potential of fungal metabolites and therefore paves a way for further identification of the active principles.
Isolation and characterization of Marine fungal metabolites against clinical pathogens
2012
Objective To isolate and identify of marine fungal metabolites against clinical bacterial pathogens. To optimize the production medium for isolated fungus. Method Marine fungus isolated from water and sediment samples from different places of Sundarbans mangrove, Muttukadu (Chennai) and Parangipettai in India. Antimicrobial substance from marine fungi was produced by agar plate method. The potent fungal were inoculated on production medium and extracted was done.
EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE MOLECULES ISOLATED FROM OBLIGATE MARINE FUNGI
The marine environment is a tremendous source of natural products. Marine microorganisms have become an important source of pharmacologically active metabolites Fungi are well known for their vast diversity of secondary metabolites that include many life-saving drugs and highly toxic mycotoxins. In general, fungal cultures producing such metabolites are immune to their toxic effects. However, some are known to produce self-toxic compounds that can pose production optimization challenges if the metabolites are needed in large amounts for chemical modification. Objective: The main objective of the present study was the isolation of new and preferably biologically active secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms, especially marine-derived fungi. Method: Marine fungi had isolated from marine soil by serial dilution method from Rose Bengal medium. Single colony was isolated by microscopic and macroscopic observation. Secondary metabolites are produced by marine fungi. Biological evaluation was performed by microbial studies. TLC is performed to identify the number of sub compounds in the crude extract. Further species level identification and structure elucidation of the compound are to be done. Results: The isolated marine fungi Aspergillus sp, showed maximum activity against the Candida rugosa with a zone diameter of 16mm at a concentration of 200µg and for bacterial strains it showed maximum activity against the E.coli with a diameter of 24mm at a concentration of 200µg. From the thin layer chromatography it has nearly 2-3 compounds to be purified. Conclusion: The selected organism which produces the compounds contains the biological activities which include anti-bacterial and anti fungal activities.
Major bioactive metabolites from marine fungi: A Review
Bioinformation, 2015
Biologists and chemists of the world have been attracted towards marine natural products for the last five decades. Approximately 16,000 marine natural products have been isolated from marine organisms which have been reported in approximately 6,800 publications, proving marine microorganisms to be a invaluable source for the production of novel antibiotic, anti tumor, and anti inflammatory agents. The marine fungi particularly those associated with marine alga, sponge, invertebrates, and sediments appear to be a rich source for secondary metabolites, possessing Antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal and antiyeast activities. Besides, a few growth stimulant properties which may be useful in studies on wound healing, carcinogenic properties, and in the study of cancers are reported. Recent investigations on marine filamentous fungi looking for biologically active secondary metabolites indicate the tremendous potential of them as a source of new medicines. The present study reviews about some important bioactive metabolites reported from marine fungal strains which are anti bacterial, anti tumour and anti inflammatory in action. It highlights the chemistry and biological activity of the major bioactive alkaloids, polyketides, terpenoids, isoprenoid and non-isoprenoid compounds, quinones, isolated from marine fungi.
MARINE BACTERIA AND FUNGI AS SOURCES FOR BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS
Marine organisms undergo a vast range of chemical and physical conditions in the marine environment, thus a high diversity is reported in the bioactive compounds they produce. With the development of marine biotechnology, a considerable number of researches are focused on marine bacteria and fungi-derived bioactive compounds. As a result, marine bacteria and fungi are ranked on the top of the hierarchy of all organisms, as they are responsible for producing a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications. Thus, they have the potential to provide future drugs against important diseases, such as cancer, a range of viral diseases, malaria, and inflammations. This review aims at describing some of the most highly cited reviews of the last decade on marine bacteria and fungi -derived bioactive compounds and the most promising substances extracted and isolated from these for pharmaceutical applications.
Antimicrobial and Mycochemical Analysis of Crude Extracts of Marine and Terrestrial Fungi
International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, 2019
In search of new bioactive compounds against human pathogens, marine and terrestrial fungi were isolated from Puducherry coastline and Bengaluru respectively. A comparative study was done on both terrestrial and marine fungi with respect to the mycochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Morphologically identified selected fungi were cultured for the production of secondary metabolites in Potato Dextrose Broth medium to obtain the crude extract using ethyl acetate. Mycoconstituents revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, steroids, phenolics and flavanoids in marine derived fungi SW13, in SW7 only phenolics and tanins were present. Terrestial fungi SS3 showed the presence of phenolics, tanins, flavanoids whereas SS7 showed the absence of all myco-constituents. The marine derived fungi SW13 gave effective inhibition to all the tested pathogens, whereas SW7 gave effective inhibition against S. typhi, B. cereus and C. albicans. While, terrestrial fungi SS3 recorded inhibition against S. aureus, S. typhi and B. cereus. SS7 showed no antimicrobial activity against pathogens.
In the present investigation we evaluate methods for the isolation and growth of marine-derived fungal strains in artificial media for the production of secondary metabolites. Inoculation of marine macroorganisms fragments in Petri dishes proved to be the most convenient procedure for the isolation of the largest number of strains. Among the growth media used, 3% malt extract showed the best result for strains isolation and growth, and yielded the largest number of strains from marine macroorganisms. The percentage of strains isolated using each of the growth media which yielded cytotoxic and/or antibiotic extracts was in the range of 23-35%, regardless of the growth media used. Further investigation of extracts obtained from different marine-derived fungal strains yielded several bioactive secondary metabolites, among which (E)-4-methoxy-5-(3-methoxybut-1-enyl)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one is a new metabolite isolated from the Penicillium paxilli strain Ma(G)K.
Analytical techniques for discovery of bioactive compounds from marine fungi
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2012
Marine fungi are a promising source of novel bioactive compounds as lead structures for medicine and for plant protection. The current analytical techniques and future perspectives of analytical methodologies are reviewed from the point of view of the discovery and the characterization of bioactive compounds isolated from marine fungi. This critical overview also includes a general assessment of sampling and preparation of extracts, the comparison of different methods used for separation and isolation, as well as different strategies used for structural characterization of the bioactive compounds. The evolution of the application of the bioassays for discovery of bioactive compounds is also ascertained. Finally, this review addresses the advantages and disadvantages of such techniques, and comments on future applications and potential research interest within this field.
Antibacterial activity of marine-derived fungi
Mycopathologia, 1998
A total of 227 marine isolates of ubiqituous fungi were cultivated on different media and the secondary metabolite content of the extracts (ethyl acetate/chloroform/methanol 3 : 2 : 1) characterized by HPLC. The fungi were secured from animals, plants and sediments of Venezuelan waters (0–10 m) including mangroves and lagoonal areas. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity. A total of 7 were active towards Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 55 towards Staphylococcus aureus, representing 18 different fungal species from 8 ascomycetous genera. For 61 strains of Penicillium citrinum antibacterial activity correlated well with content of secondary metabolites as measured by HPLC. Thirteen isolates of Penicillium steckii produced very similar profiles of secondary metabolites and 6 of these had activity against either V. parahaemolyticus or S. aureus or both.
Natural products derived from marine organisms have been the focus of many investigations. Marine derived biomolecules such as peptides, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and lipids have the potential for the prevention and treatment for many medical conditions including microbial infection and cancer. Therefore, these biomolecules might be useful as molecular models in drug research. In the current study, secondary metabolites were extracted from the marine sponge associated fungus Aspergillus unguis RSPG_204 following the isolation and identification of the fungus. The extracted metabolites were investigated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The fungal extracts exhibited a potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans while they were not effective against Aspergillus niger. The static culture of the fungus showed the highest antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Meanwhile, Mycelial extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity against MCF7 (breast) cell line with IC50 of 9.98μg/mL. While, the cytotoxic activity of both static culture and mycelial extracts against HEPG2 (liver) cell line were non significant. DNA fragmentation assay and quantitative determination of interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels by ELISA were used as suggested methods for the detection of apoptosis and evaluation of the immune response. It could be concluded that, the results in general indicated the possibility of using marine fungi derived metabolites as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents.