Original Paper Ethical Considerations on Human Cloning-ŞTEFANIA ENESCU (4 (original) (raw)

Ethical Aspects and Laws of Reproduction Cloning in Humans

2020

The original clone that was naturally further evolved into artificial cloning since the end of the 20th century continues to grow rapidly and became a hot issue as ' Dolly the sheep ' sticking up the surface. There are many obstacles, misperceptible and controversies especially for biomolecular researchers and biotechnology. The topic of cloning is very interesting and challenging and is believed to bring benefits to the advancement of humanity, on the other hand cloning directly related to humanity's values, ethics, and the full laws of controversies. Cloning can be utilized as a therapist, reproductively, and a replacement. This article is the result of normative legal research that is based on secondary data. Cloning reproductions produce multicell organisms that are genetically idientic without fertilization to form a human clone that removes the unique nature and becomes a burden of immense expectation and environmental acceptance issues also lose Growth period experience. Cloning can be abused as a commodity of goods that can be traded for the benefit of organ transparency, labor, similarity of figures as well as other exploitative acts rather than as a whole person who is feared to be Destroying human dignity so that it is necessary to immediately create strict rules about human cloning.

The Ethical Issues of Human Cloning

Currently there are two types of cloning under debate – cloning to produce children, and cloning for biomedical research. The main issues that lie at the heart of this ethical debate are: the morally relevant status of an embryo, procreation vs. manufacture, and the implications it may have on the family and the wider society. This essay describes the main purposes of both types of cloning, and discusses the moral issues involved.

MULTIDISCIPLINARY AP​P​ROACHES TO THE HUMAN CLONING

MULTIDISCIPLINARY AP​P​ROACHES TO THE HUMAN CLONING, 2018

Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells or organisms. There are two types discussed human cloning: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning, more likely to achieve a therapeutic cloning is more accessible in terms of technique, but also less morally problematic. Ethics of human cloning has become an important issue in recent years. Legalize human cloning is in the heart of the debate world, was proposed legalizing therapeutic cloning as the only way to investigate, with chances of success, the basic criterion for funding such programs as the main objective being to find treatments for incurable diseases. The ethical ramifications of cloning, especially with regard to humans, seem to defy easy limitation. Even if cloning technique problems are resolved with time, many questions remain. On what grounds could reproducing children by cloning be allowed or prohibited? Should cloning be used for sterile couples or for homosexual couples who want biological offspring? How would a child born by asexual reproduction experience life, as a unique individual or as a genetic “prisoner”? Is a cloned child simply a twin of its genetic donor, with a certain time lag? Should parents choose the traits of a future child, as is possible with cloning? A wealth of other concerns could well preclude ever attempting human clones, the report said: “The notion of cloning raises issues about identity and individuality, the meaning of having children, the difference between procreation and manufacture, and the relationship between the generations”. This article reveals some multidisciplinary approaches to the human cloning from ethical, sociological and religious perspectives.

Ethical dimensions of therapeutic human cloning

2002

Therapeutic human cloning has the potential significantly to reduce human suffering and enhance human happiness. This is the main ethical argument in its favour. The main ethical arguments against it centre on questions to do with the moral status of the human embryo. A subsidiary set of arguments arises from the connections between therapeutic human cloning and reproductive cloning.

Ethical issues in human cloning

International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI)

Cloning, which for years has remained a fiction, has finally become a reality today. Genetic engineers can now clone animals to achieve a desired type of product with unique or specific genetic make-ups. Presently, actors in this field have produced cloned sheep, mice, monkeys, pigs and cows. This paper may not exhaust the list if it continues to outline the achievements of genetic engineers today. What is discussed in this research are not only the achievements of genetic engineers, rather the ethical problems surrounding them. How moral is it to clone a cow that will grow up abnormally and die in the shortest time? Also, human beings developed through cloning will experience identity problems, authenticity, freedom, autonomy, and the problem of uniqueness. These problems and more are what this research seeks to address using the methods of analysis, evaluation, and deduction.

Ethical Aspects within Human Cloning

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013

The fast evolution of the society and the various economic and social sectors requires an ethical approach of how the information is used. This aspect does not only have legal implications, but also appeals to the moral conscience of the individual. Since the artificial cloning of Dolly the sheep, scientists have launched the question whether in a not so distant future a human being will also be created artificially. According to the legislation in force, human reproduction is forbidden; yet, in some countries, therapeutic cloning is no longer illegal.

ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF CLONING HUMANS (SCNT

The article analyses ethical problems of cloning of human beings. Today scientists have opportunity to clone animals and human embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and the author considers this technology and ethical problems generated by it. The author maintains that we must divide two types of cloning of human beings: therapeutic and reproductive. The therapeutic cloning does not generate any new ethical problems or dilemmas, but it exacerbates the problems which have already existed (moral status of human embryos, health care recourses distribution, etc.). Reproductive cloning of human beings will generate as absolutely new ethical problems so new scientific solutions.

Bioethics and Cloning, Part II

Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 2002

The Committee recommends a complete ban on cloning human embryos for the purposes of reproduction, but would permit therapeutic cloning under strict regulation by a statutory body to be established for that purpose. Bonnicksen, Andrea L. Crafting a Cloning Policy: From Dolly to Stem Cells. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2002. 220 p. In the last chapter, "Toward Responsible Policymaking," Bonnicksen distinguishes four policy approaches (broad or narrow legislation, existing regulation or adjustments to it) to cloning. Mindful of change in both politics and science, she favors adjusting existing regulation as the best way to promote future discussion, debate, and deliberation. Brannigan, Michael C. Ethical Issues in Human Cloning: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives. New York: Seven Bridges Press, 2001. 244 p. Drawing together essays from the perspectives of science, religion, philosophy, and law, Brannigan provides a useful anthology of resources for classroom use or personal study.

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning

ACTA JURIDICA HUNGARICA, 2013

The aim of the essay is to explore the legal aspects of human reproductive cloning. Firstly, it gives a short introduction to the biological background of cloning, where special emphasis is laid upon the method of “somatic cell nuclear transfer” in connection with the existing forms of assisted reproductive technologies. The essay analyses the legal regulation in Hungary, Germany, England and the United States, and argues that the statutory prohibition of reproductive cloning often does not correspond to the biological facts, and this terminological ambiguity may lead to legal obscurity. Beyond that, the study also examines the factual and moral arguments against human reproductive cloning and the well-debated questions relating to reproductive rights, and fi nally, it attempts to search answers to what justifi es the intervention and the rigid statutory ban on this field.