Acute Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols on Peak Torque of Leg Extensor Muscles of the Dominant Limb (original) (raw)
Related papers
Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 2006
While athletes routinely perform warm-up and stretching exercise, it has been suggested that prolonged stretching, immediately prior to an activity, might affect negatively the force production. Fifteen professional soccer players participated in the study to examine whether a routine duration of acute static stretching may account for losses in isokinetic peak torque production. All participants performed two static stretching protocols on the rectus femoris muscle tendon unit (MTU), at different training sessions, with a week interval. The first stretching protocol was performed four times for 15 s (4 × 15 s), and the second 32 times for 15 s (32 × 15 s). Range of motion (ROM) was determined during knee flexion, with a pendular Myrin flexometer. The peak torque of the dominant leg extensors was measured on a Cybex Norm dynamometer at 60, 90, 150, 210 and 270 • /s angular velocities. The 2 × 2 analysis of variance showed that peak torque remained unchanged, following the total static stretching for 60 s in all angular velocities, while it decreased in all angular velocities, following a total static stretching for 8 minutes (p < 0.001). The findings suggest that an acute static stretching exercise of short duration, as performed by soccer players, during warming up procedures, does not produce decreases in peak torque, compared to multiple stretches of an 8 minute long duration.
Acute effects of static stretching duration on isokinetic peak torque production of soccer players
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 2006
Recent research demonstrates that stretching prior to physical activity decreases performance. However, these stretching bouts are not representative of athletes during warm up procedures, as they are usually time consuming. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the duration of acute static stretching is responsible for losses in isokinetic peak torque production.
Acute effect of three different warm-up protocols on maximal isokinetic strength in young men
Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte, 2019
Objective: To investigate the acute effect of three different warm-up protocols on a maximal isokinetic strength test. Methods: Twenty-two male, recreational athletes involved in regular resistance training were evaluated. Subjects performed a maximal isokinetic strength test of the knee extensors in an isokinetic dynamometer after completing a control session or one of the following warm-up protocols using a randomized design: a general warm-up, stretching warm-up, or specific warm-up. The comparison between treatments was completed through Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance, followed by a Bonferroni “post hoc” test (p < 0.05). Results: The only difference found was the concentric peak moment following the application of the specific warm-up protocol, which was lower than the control session (12.94%; p < 0.05). No other differences were noted in eccentric peak movement or total work (concentric + eccentric) parameter after application of any the warm-up protocols within c...
Effects of different isokinetic knee extension warm-up protocols on muscle performance
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness
Aim: The optimal warm-up protocol for isokinetic strength performance assessment remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different warm-up routines on strength production in young adults. Methods: Fifteen healthy young men (24.8±3.5 years) were exposed to five different isokinetic warm-up protocols. Isokinetic strength was assessed after each protocol at 60°.s-1. The warm-up protocols were: (1) submaximal, 10 submaximal consecutive repetitions (50% of maximum effort) at 60°.s-1; (2) intermittent, one set of 10 maximal intermittent contractions (30 s between contractions) at 60°.s-1; (3) 180, 10 maximal consecutive repetitions at 180°.s-1; (4) 300, 10 maximal consecutive repetitions at 300°.s-1 and (5) control session (no warm-up). Results: Peak torque was greater (P<0.05) after the intermittent (295.3±53.2 N.m) when compared to 300 (267.5±47.3 N.m) and 180 (275.2±48.6 N.m) warm-up protocols. Also, peak torque was higher (P<0.05) in t...
Effect of the pre-warm-up exercise program on muscle performance
2021
Problem statement: Pre-warm-up actions have gained popularity in soccer in recent years but their effectiveness has not been sufficiently researched. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a pre-warm-up exercise program, with emphasis on muscular activation and neuromuscular control, on selected performance and injury-related markers. Methods: The study involved twenty three soccer players (n = 23), each of whom was randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=13) that performed the pre-warmup exercise protocol or a control group (n = 10) that performed 5 minutes of cycling. The hip flexion Range of Motion, Countermovement jump, free hands countermovement jump, and Peak Torque of concentric knee extensors and concentric/eccentric knee flexors at 60/sec and 180/sec, for both limbs, were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer before and immediately after exercise intervention. Conventional and Functional isokinetic strength ratios were also calculate...
Isokinetics and Exercise Science
Effect of isotonic and isometric knee extension exercises on mechanical and electromyographical specificity of fatigue. Isokinetics and Exercise Science , 10:167-175 ***Note: Figures may be missing from this format of the document Abstract.: This study investigated the effects of isotonic and isometric knee extension exercises on strength, power, and surface EMG in male and female populations. Using the knee extensors, ten males and ten females performed a 120 s MVIC and 120 maximal isotonic contractions. Prior to each exercise (t = pre) knee extensor isometric peak torque (strength) and average peak power (power) were tested utilizing three, 3 s MVIC's and three maximal isotonic contractions, respectively. Following each exercise, strength and power were assessed immediately after (t =: 00) and at 2.5 (t =: 02.5), 5 (t =: 05), 10 (t =: 10), and 15 (t =: 15) minutes. All strength and power measures were normalized to the respective t = pre value. Vastus lateralis surface EMG signals were collected during all muscle testing and normalized to the respective tire value. Following isometric exercise, both strength and power at t =: 00 (68.7% ± 8.7% & 88.0% ± 8.7%) and t =: 02.5 (82.2% ± 17.8% & 95.2% ± 5.0%) significantly decreased from t=pre (100% ± 0.0%) (p < 0.05) with greater decreases in strength at each time point (p < 0.05). EMG analysis revealed a significant EMG amplitude decrease (p < 0.05) at t =: 00 and t =: 02.5 during strength testing with respect to t=pre. Following isotonic exercise, both strength and power at t =: 00 (68.0% ± 13.2% & 38.8% ± 10.7%) and t =: 02.5 (84.5% ± 14.9% & 81.6% ± 14.5%) significantly decreased from t=pre (100% ± 0.0%) with a greater power decrease at t =: 00 (p < 0.05). The EMG amplitude of males was significantly less at t =: 00 than the respective EMG amplitude for females (p < 0.05) (irrespective of testing condition). We conclude that muscle performance in the fatigued state is dependent upon the type of exercise performed. Article: INTRODUCTION: During the past years of research addressing muscle performance during and following fatiguing exercise, the isometric contraction has been considered the gold standard of muscle force producing capability in the laboratory setting. The muscle force production values acquired from isometric contractions are often referred to as "strength" [11]. However in sporting activities the majority of muscle contractions are dynamic in nature. Power, a variable that takes into account contraction force and velocity, is important in sports that demand explosive movements. Throughout the remainder of this paper strength will refer to isometric torque production and power will refer to dynamic, maximal efforts of the muscle/joint complex.
Tensiomyographic Responses to Warm-Up Protocols in Collegiate Male Soccer Athletes
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 2021
The mechanical properties of knee flexors and extensors in 15 collegiate male soccer players following different warm-up protocols [small-sided games (SSG), dynamic (DYN), and plyometric (PLY)] were evaluated. Tensiomyography (TMG) was used to assess contraction time (Tc), delay time (Td) and maximal displacement (Dm) of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) of both legs before and after each warm-up, while countermovement jump height variables, 20 m sprint, t-test and sit-and-reach were measured following the warm-ups. TMG was analyzed using a three-way [condition × time × leg] ANOVA, while performance variables were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA. Main effects of time were observed for BF-Tc (p = 0.035), RF-Td (p < 0.001), and BF-Td, (p = 0.008), and a main effect of condition was seen for RF-Tc (p = 0.038). Moreover, participants’ 20 m sprint improved following SSG (p = 0.021) compared to DYN and PLY. Sit-and-reach was greater following PLY (p = 0.021). No s...
PloS one, 2017
No studies have analysed the acute effects of the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee warm-up programmes on major physical performance measures. The aim of this study was to analyse the acute (post-exercise) effects of the FIFA 11+, Harmoknee and dynamic warm-up routines on several physical performance measures in amateur football players. A randomized, crossover and counterbalanced study design was used to address the purpose of this study. A total of sixteen amateur football players completed the following protocols in a randomized order on separate days: a) FIFA 11+; b) Harmoknee; and c) dynamic warm-up (DWU). In each experimental session, 19 physical performance measures (joint range of motion, hamstring to quadriceps [H/Q] strength ratios, dynamic postural control, 10 and 20 m sprint times, jump height and reactive strength index) were assessed. Measures were compared via a magnitude-based inference analysis. The results of this study showed no main effects between paired comparisons (FIFA ...
The effect of warm-ups with stretching on the isokinetic moments of collegiate men
Performing warm-ups increases muscle temperature and blood flow, which contributes to improved exercise performance and reduced risk of injuries to muscles and tendons. Stretching increases the range of motion of the joints and is effective for the maintenance and enhancement of exercise performance and flexibility, as well as for injury prevention. However, stretching as a warm-up activity may temporarily decrease muscle strength, muscle power, and exercise performance. This study aimed to clarify the effect of stretching during warm-ups on muscle strength, muscle power, and muscle endurance in a nonathletic population. The subjects of this study consisted of 13 physically active male collegiate students with no medical conditions. A self-assessment questionnaire regarding how well the subjects felt about their physical abilities was administered to measure psychological readiness before and after the warm-up. Subjects performed a non-warm-up, warm-up, or warm-up regimen with stretching prior to the assessment of the isokinetic moments of knee joints. After the measurements, the respective variables were analyzed using nonparametric tests. First, no statistically significant intergroup differences were found in the flexor and extensor peak torques of the knee joints at 60˚/sec, which were assessed to measure muscle strength. Second, no statistically significant intergroup differences were found in the flexor and extensor peak torques of the knee joints at 180˚/sec, which were assessed to measure muscle power. Third, the total work of the knee joints at 240°/sec, intended to measure muscle endurance, was highest in the aerobic-stretch-warm-ups (ASW) group, but no statistically significant differences were found among the groups. Finally, the psychological readiness for physical activity according to the type of warm-up was significantly higher in ASW. Simple stretching during warm-ups appears to have no effect on variables of exercise physiology in nonathletes who participate in routine recreational sport activities. However, they seem to have a meaningful effect on exercise performance by affording psychological stability, preparation, and confidence in exercise performance .
Journal of athletic training
With regard to intermittent training exercise, the effects of the mode of recovery on subsequent performance are equivocal. To compare the effects of 3 types of recovery intervention on peak torque (PT) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the knee extensor muscles after fatiguing isokinetic intermittent concentric exercise. Crossover study. Research laboratory. Eight elite judo players (age = 18.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 180 ± 3 cm, mass = 77.0 ± 4.2 kg). Participants completed 3 randomized sessions within 7 days. Each session consisted of 5 sets of 10 concentric knee extensions at 80% PT at 120°/s, with 3 minutes of recovery between sets. Recovery interventions were passive, active, and electromyostimulation. The PT and maximal EMG activity were recorded simultaneously while participants performed isokinetic dynamometer trials before and 3 minutes after the resistance exercise. The PT and maximal EMG activity from the knee extensors were quantified at isokinetic velocities of 60°...