Personal and Structural Security from the Perspective of Social Sciences (original) (raw)
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The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the fact that everyone should contribute to the security aspects, that includes individuals, the society and the state. Each one of us want to live without fear from everyday risks and threats which happen in our surrounding. Nevertheless, each one of us should give our contribution to make this happen, with the purpose of protecting our lives in the same scale as we expect from the society and the state to provide that security. The purpose of this link or relationship of interest between the individual and the society is to reciprocally increase the societal and individual security. Thus, people should protect their lives as strongly as they expect from the society/state to do so. From the context of security provided by the society/state, we want to emphasize that the protection of our community from crime is one of the protection functions of the criminal law, while on the other hand the legal security is an element of rule of law. Criminal law is tasked with safeguarding citizens, by protecting human life, bodily integrity, rights and freedoms, honor, authority, equality and safety and security of the citizens. Security at its broader political and legal meaning includes defence measures and activities for protecting from the endangering of the independence and integrity of the country (nation) and the internal constitutional and legal order. Security as a constitutional value and need should defend the public order, the state and its citizens as well as enable unimpeded functioning of the institutions in all of its segments. On the contrary, the lack of trust of citizens in the judiciary impacts every individual member of the society in the form of legal insecurity which leads to self-judgment with all its destructive elements of this phenomenon. The modern concepts of security everyday and more are based on the obligation of states but also of its citizens, to establish the feeling of collective security based on the principle that "whoever lives and acts in a respective country has the right to feel free." Democratic countries while preparing their policies in the security field, as a very essential and sensitive issue in all aspects of life and of special importance worldwide, try to increase the feeling of social, economical and political security of the nation and its institution towards threats and risks, and they do so by among others by preparing documents, strategies and other above mentioned policies.
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Problems related to social security can be seen as a particular type of security in various aspects. In the literature of political science, economics, sociology or security studies there are different concepts of characterizing this category. The issue of social security is a complex and ambiguous, because this phenomenon is dynamic and depends on many factors. This work is an attempt to answer the question of what are the theoretical basis of social security on the basis of the security studies and whether it can enter the other, closely related to national security category concept, eg. social security of the nation. The reference point for discussion is the system of national security. Authors proposed a definition of societal security of the nation and pointed out the main elements characterizing this concept as an opposition to the social security, understood in terms of welfare state. The other rationale for the choice of topic is also a need to shape the way to solve scientific problems of modern science on the basis of security studies, including those related to operationalization of concepts and gaps in knowledge, which should focus on the search for representatives of this new scientific subdiscipline.
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From time immemorial, man has been starving to ensure his safety. He did it alone and together with others. The perception of the a situation as a state of non-danger, peace, certainty is referred to as sense of security. Both the situation in which a person functions and the conviction of the individual that he can meet the requirements of the moment have an impact. The latter is partly the result of social influences of other people from the individual's environment, who cooperate with them in a positive or negative way. The desire to ensure individual security, in the subjective dimension, motivates to individual to seek support in the social environment. This environment modifies individual behavior to the extent to which individuals themselves would be unable to.
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Personal Security – An Individual Responsibility
Terrorist threats and increasing criminal activity have become an emergent concern for the people of today's era. Even terrorism alone encompass most of the violence faced by people as 'it is any act of force or violence that is either meant to cause terror or does by its effects cause terror among civilians'1. Like previous years, this year again, hundreds of executives, tourists, and students will be robbed, attacked, kidnapped, and murdered. Most of these events could be prevented by adherence to the basic principles of personal security and safety. Unfortunately many people are unaware of these principles or advertently/inadvertently tend to ignore them. In order to make sure the personal security of the people, we need to change the trend. The only way to reduce chances of becoming a victim is to learn how to make ourselves to security hazards. We must beget awareness about our personal security.
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Introduction Among the problems discussed in this study is the issue of national security, broadly defined. Recognizing the need for safe existence of citizens, it is impossible not to note that we live in an increasingly global world, so discussion of the Republic of Poland national security can not be limited only to the territory of our motherland. Without a doubt, both in nationally and internationally a key role in shaping world security play safety regulations. In this work, the authors undertook a collective development of specific threats to the modern safety and security management organization (in terms of a complex and problematic) and the development of attitudes and education standard for safety. The aim of this work is the exchange of views among representatives of various research and teaching centers and representatives of practices: • Contemporary problems of safety and civilization threats • Legal framework of internal security of the Republic of Poland and international security • Dilemmas of internal security management • Education and upbringing for security Finally, we would like to thank the reviewers of this book - Prof. dr hab. Piotr Majer and Dr Ivan Iurlo whose valuable comments were received on the final shape of this study. We also thank all the authors, representing various research centers, universities and institutions by which arose in this paper. Prof. zw. dr hab. Bronisław Sitek Mgr Aleksandra Ukleja
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Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2015
In everyday life, in real life, tangible public when looking at human security threats to the public look really "human security" at the national level. Often there is no need to make major survey on human security, because in many urban centres and not only the index of human security perspective can become a point of reference for policy as well as all of the security researchers. The new National Safety adopted in June 2014 and the standards embody the principles of the North Atlantic Alliance, where national security is the foundation for a democratic development and significant economic growth of the country. In academic format, national security is the whole of the efforts undertaken by the state to ensure its survival, through measures of an economic, military, political, intelligence, diplomatic and organizational. The concept of "security" for a long time been interpreted, narrowly: as security of territory from external aggression, such as protection of national interests in foreign policy, etc. Safety has been associated more with countries rather than people, more than the state security and human security. "Traditional security" has been at the centre of the state, and "human security" individual, the people, the community. While the term "security" is any risk of being out of the unexpected for life, being independent in a certain area, where the constitutional guarantee of public order, public and private property, dignity and national values. So the term "security" in the first predetermines human security, community security state. It is for this reason that human safety takes the value of multilateral special analysis and study. Safety is a guarantee for national integrity, the existence of the nation state, which is accomplished through the use of elements of national power: politics, diplomacy, information, economy and military power. Safety is a guarantee in a democratic system "social peace" to society.
Governing Human (In)Security: An Attempt to Secure Life
International Conference on International Relations Universitas Katholik Parahyangan, 2016
Human security concept emerged from the multidisciplinary facets of security, development, and environmental point of views. Human survival was the main concern of this human security paradigm. Environmental degradation, climate change, pandemic diseases, short of crops supply could not be understood as single issue of natural science. More to it, those threats entailed to anthropological course, thus the reaction toward the threats was fully committed to anthropocentric reason. To understand about the meaning of security, people need to rethink the meaning of insecurity. Insecurity could be understood by acknowledging the threats possessed by Nation State and also by accepting that how human living system are insecure and vulnerable by design. Threat was seen global and interconnected phenomena beyond the national boundaries. The reception of that nature possessed risk toward humans' freedom and power, therefore humans grew the ability to transform the nature and its system around them. Governing the nature for human survival was an attempt to securitize the insecurity itself. Securitization is by designed aimed to introduce humans' exposure to danger through the political acts. The challenge of understanding human security was on how the more humans securitize, the more insecurities would emerge. Securing life could be understood as normalizing the insecurity, thus people could adjust to endangerment as integral part of life.