Parametric Performance Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous Heterogeneous Network on Chip (original) (raw)
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Power comparison of an asynchronous and synchronous network on chip router
International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2004
This paper presents an asynchronous and a synchronous NoC router architecture. The asynchronous scheme is implemented by the help of CSP-Verilog language and the synchronous one is designed employing VHDL language. Their designs are similar except the extra links which are in charge of handshaking processes in asynchronous architecture. According to the experimental results the transition counts of buffer, and switch components in synchronous router are almost 82% and 60% of asynchronous one, respectively. On the other hand, the transition counting of routing unit in asynchronous NoC router is nearly 73% of synchronous one. Power consumption of them are evaluated according to the obtained transition counting. Based on the comparison the power consumption of buffer and switch components are almost same due to their similar structure. However, the power consumption of routing unit component in asynchronous design is lower than synchronous one.
Hermes-A–An Asynchronous NoC Router with Distributed Routing
Integrated Circuit and System …, 2011
This work presents the architecture and ASIC implementation of Hermes-A, an asynchronous network on chip router. Hermes-A is coupled to a network interface that enables communication between router and synchronous processing elements. The ASIC implementation of the router employed standard CAD tools and a specific library of components. Area and timing characteristics for 180nm technology attest the quality of the design, which displays a maximum throughput of 3.6 Gbits/s.
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Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2019
Moore's prediction has been used to set targets for research and development in semiconductor industry for years now. A burgeoning number of processing cores on a chip demand competent and scalable communication architecture such as network-on-chip (NoC). NoC technology applies networking theory and methods to on-chip communication and brings noteworthy improvements over conventional bus and crossbar interconnections. Calculated performances such as latency, throughput, and bandwidth are characterized at design time to assured the performance of NoC. However, if communication pattern or parameters set like buffer size need to be altered, there might result in large area and power consumption or increased latency. Routers with large input buffers improve the efficiency of NoC communication while routers with small buffers reduce power consumption but result in high latency. This paper intention is to validate that size of buffer exert influence to NoC performance in several different network topologies. It is concluded that the way in which routers are interrelated or arranged affect NoC's performance (latency) where different buffer sizes were adapted. That is why buffering requirements for different routers may vary based on their location in the network and the tasks assigned to them.
Network-on-chip (NoC) is an emerging paradigm for handling communication in large system-on-chips. This project investigates the ability to prototype asynchronous NoCs on FPGAs. The implementation of asynchronous circuits on standard FPGAs is highly experimental; therefore the _rst part of the project has been to establish a design ow for the implementation of asynchronous circuits on FPGAs. In the project, an asynchronous best-e_ort NoC for an FPGA has been successfully developed. The NOC implementation consists of a router and network adapters and is implemented using a 4-phase bundled data handshake protocol. Cores connect to the network using an OCP interface. To demonstrate the NoC it has been implemented in a small multi-processor prototype using a mesh topology for the network. System-on-chip (NoC) is a rising worldview for taking care of the communication in huge system-on-chips. This researches work is mainly investigation the capacity to model synchronous NoCs on FPGAs. The design and implementation of synchronous circuits on standard FPGAs is an exceptionally trial; in this manner, the first part of the proposed work has been to set up a design flow for the testing and validation of synchronous circuits on FPGAs. In the network applications a best-effort (BE) NoC for an FPGA has been effectively implemented. The NOC usage comprises of a switch and system connectors and is actualized utilizing a 4-stage packaged information handshake UART and Memory. Cores associate with the system utilizing an Open Core Protocol (OCP) interface. For real-time demonstrate, the designed NoC has been executed in a little multi-processor model utilizing a working topology for the system. The designed 3x3 NoC and UART protocol are successfully simulated using Verilog HDL and tested on Artix-7 FPGA using the Chipscope software tool. The Virtual Input/Output (VIO) and Integrated Controller (ICON) are interfaced with NoC design for data transfer from the source router to the destination router. To verify the effectiveness, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), latency and other hardware utilizations like slices, LUT, Flip Flop and area, the packets are generated using Traffic Pattern Generator. From obtained results, it is found there is a 12% improvement in LUT's, 7% in Flip Flop's, 23% in throughput and 26% in delay.
An asynchronous router for multiple service levels networks on chip
11th IEEE International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems, 2005
Networks on chip that can guarantee quality of service (QNoC) are based on special routers that can support multiple service levels. GALS SoCs call for asynchronous NoC implementations, to eliminate the need for synchronization when crossing clock domains. An asynchronous multi-service level QNoC router is investigated. It comprises multiple interconnected input and output ports, and arbitration mechanisms that resolve any output port and service level conflicts. Buffering and credit based transport are enabled, enhancing throughput. A synchronous and an asynchronous router have been designed, and their performance is compared. The asynchronous router requires less area and enables a higher data rate.
Evaluation of NOC Using Tightly Coupled Router Architecture
One of the most important role in many core system is played by Network on Chip (NoC). Researchers are recently focusing on the design and optimization of NoC. In this paper we describe the architecture of a tightly coupled NoC router. To improve the network performance the router uses the on-chip storage and to improve the use of on-chip resource and information, several optimizations are introduced. In theory this design can save 9.3% chip area. The experiment shows that the latency can be reduced to 75% by the process of optimization on the ejection process and energy consumption by 31.5% in heavy traffic load network. Under different buffer depth, it can also improve latency by 20% and energy consumption by 25%. The experimentally results also prove that this tightly coupled router architecture can achieve better performance in the large scale network.
A GALS Router for Asynchronous Network-on-Chip
Proceedings of International Workshop on Manycore Embedded Systems - MES '14, 2014
A scalable asynchronous NoC router with lower power consumption and latency comparing to a synchronous design is introduced in this article. It employs GALS interfaces (synchronous to asynchronous/asynchronous to synchronous), imposing negligible area overhead to handle the Metastability issue. It is synthesized with the help of Persia tool, resulting in 23165 transistors. The power consumption and delay factor have been evaluated by means of H-Spice toolset in 90nm manufacturing technology. According to the experimental results the proposed asynchronous design consumes less power than synchronous scheme by removing clock signals. The imposed area overhead of asynchronous design is reported 36% higher than synchronous one.
Performance Analysis of an NoC for Multiprocessor SoC
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2014
In this work focus on ‘Network on chip’ and “Multiprocessor system on chip” applications its a guaranteed supporting for network process to reducing the circuit area, lower power consumption, low cost, and increases the performance. Network employs multi-stage network approaches on packet switching and pipelined circuit switching. Based on packet switching need more buffers, area should be high. To overcome the occupy more area by using pipelined circuit switching reducing some buffers in a multiple networks, The proposed network employs CHIPPER (Cheap-Interconnect Partially Permuting Router) technique for using “bufferless deflection router” method. This bufferless deflection routers to eliminate route buffers and cross buffers. So Removing buffers yields more energy in network on chip.
Current silicon technologies enable the integration of billions of transistors in a single chip, supporting the creation of complex systems on a chip (SoCs). Networks on Chip (NoCs) constitute a suitable alternative for traditional SoC interconnect architectures, as they provide a high level of scalability and parallelism, supporting the ever-increasing number of cores in single chip. Additionally, synchronous design issues that were easily overcome in previous decades -- such as clock distribution, skew, and power consumption -are becoming increasingly complex to solve in modern state of the art technology designs. Together, these trends constitute a good motivator for the development of an asynchronous SoC interconnect architecture. This work presents the design and implementation of an asynchronous NoC router using a transition--signaling bundled--data protocol. Additionally, a methodology for synthesis of bundled--data circuits using commercial CAD tools, together with an automated environment for enforcing relative timing constraints, is proposed. The router design was validated through behavioral simulation, and its basic block (a port) was synthesized, validating the implementation through post--synthesis simulation.
Performance analysis of network-on-chip topologies
Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 2017
Network on chip architecture provides a way to design complex integrated circuits with an objective to reduce connection issues, design productivity, and energy utilization. Network performance of a network is calculated by various factors but throughput is the most dominant characteristic for measuring network performance. So, this work includes investigation of various NoC topologies and analysis is done on basis of average throughput and average latency for ensuring network performance.