Evaluation of the effectiveness of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for different media (original) (raw)
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Bioresource Technology, 100(24), 6269–6277., 2009
Two bed media were tested (gravel and Filtralite) in shallow horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands in order to evaluate the removal of ammonia and nitrate for different types of wastewater (acetate-based and domestic wastewater) and different COD/N ratios. The use of Filtralite allowed both higher mass removal rates (1.1 g NH4–N m2 d1 and 3 g NO3–N m2 d1) and removal efficiencies (>62% for ammonia, 90–100% for nitrate), in less than 2 weeks, when compared to the ones observed with gravel. The COD/N ratio seems to have no significant influence on nitrate removal and the removal of both ammonia and nitrate seems to have involved not only the conventional pathways of nitrification–denitrification. The nitrogen loading rate of both ammonia (0.8–2.4 g NH4–N m2 d1) and nitrate (0.6–3.2 g NO3–N m2 d1) seem to have influenced the respective removal rates.
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2021
Aims: The removal of some pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), phosphate and some solids (total (TS), fixed (TFS) and volatile (TVS)) from sewage wastewater was investigated in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSVFCW). Original Research Article Houndedjihou et al.; IRJPAC, 22(1): 22-37, 2021; Article no.IRJPAC.65576 23 Study Design: The bed of the constructed wetland is composed of gravel and Canna indica is used as vegetation. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, southern Brazil, under subtropical climate from June to September 2019. Methodology: Three kinds of samples of water collected (Raw, septic tank and outlet from the wetland) one time per week were analyzed according to American standards. Anions were analyzed by gas chromatography using 930 compact IC Flex Metrohm. Statistical analysis performed using ANOVA an...
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST), 2024
Experimental investigation on municipal wastewater treatment through 6 pilot scale Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (SSVF CWs) was studied utilizing two conventional materials as substrate used as 12 mm size gravel overlain by 2 mm size uniformly graded coarse sand at SWINGS site of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Among 6 CW beds first bed was kept unplanted and rest of the 5 beds were planted with Phragmites Karka, Canna Indica, Iris, Sagittaria and Phragmites Australis for conducting comparative study among macrophytes species used in context of contaminants removal. The primary emphasis of this study was the initial few months of the CWs running in setup phase. This phase encompasses improving phases in development of substrate permeability, microbial growth on substrate and rhizosphere, until the steady state for operation was achieved. The aims of this research paper are to assess duration requirement in setup phase for SSVF CWs through variations in removal efficiencies, and also to analyse the efficacy of conventional materials as substrate in the treatment of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The findings indicated that following a period of 174 days of running, the CWs had achieved a state of consistent permeability and commenced a stable removal process. The removal efficiencies for BOD and COD are found as Unplanted < Iris < Canna Indica < Sagittaria < Phragmites Karka < Phragmites Australis.
2013
This study investigated the efficiency of two types of media, namely, gravels and sand for their nutrient removal capabilities from wastewater. Different levels of sand depths were also experimented for their removal efficiencies. And for this purpose three laboratory scale vertical upflow constructed wetlands (S1, S2, S3) were established at PHE Laboratory, MNIT, Jaipur. S1was filled with two layers of different size of gravels while S2 and S3 also contained different depths of sand along with the layers of gravels. All the lab scale CWs were fed with the secondary treated water brought from STP Dehlawas, Jaipur. Each system was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 2 days. The study was carried out for a period of three months from February to April, 2013. The results show that sand provides better removal of nutrients from wastewater than gravels, though TKN removal was better with gravels. Both sand and gravel were unable to remove NO3-N from the system as there was an incre...
Pollution, 2023
Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are low-cost natural treatment systems for various types of influents. Although mainly the natural wetlands are soil-based, the constructed wetlands have been traditionally built using aggregate media. The performance of four types of available soils in Chhattisgarh was studied as the filter media in the horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetland (HSFCW). Fourteen pilot-scale CW units with different soil types (entisol, vertisol, alfisol, inceptisol, and stone aggregate) and plant types (Canna indica and Typha latifolia) were used to treat domestic wastewater (WW). One set of each soil base reactor was planted with Canna indica and Typha latifolia, and one was kept blank (unplanted). All soils and plants are easily available. The reactors received primary wastewater in batch loads with WW loading for six hours to maintain aerobic conditions. The residence time of WW was 48 hours, and the applied hydraulic loading rate (HLR) was based on soil and aggregate. According to the findings, the planted HSFCW was more effective than the unplanted system. The results show that the wetland constructed on the treatment efficiency of the soil base has excellent potential to treat WW, with both plants.