SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN CALABAR METROPOLIS CROSS RIVER STATE NIGERIA (original) (raw)
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Spatial Analysis of Health Care Facilities in Babura Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria
International Journal of Geography and Environmental Management, 2018
This paper examined the spatial distribution of health care facilities in Babura local government area of jigawa state using GIS. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources: a GPS was used to collect the coordinates of each health care facility. Data from the Ministry of Health (Jigawa State) about the location, name and types of health care facilities in the study area included one general hospital; one model primary health centre, fourteen primary health centers, one clinic, one dispensary and one health post. Population data was obtained from the National Population Commission (NPC, 2006). GIS analysis was used in analyzing the data. The analysis of nearest neighbour was done by using the extension of Arc GIS 10.1 in the spatial analyst tool and average nearest neighbour The result shows that there is less than 1% (0.01 level of significance) likelihood that the spatial pattern of the distribution of health care facilities in Babura Local Government Area is dispersed and this could be as a result of random chance. This might be as the result of the fewer number of health facilities. The research recommends that government should locate health care services close to the people as possible as distance was found to influence utilization.
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Spatial Analysis of Flow Patterns to Healthcare Facilities in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
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Healthcare facilities in developing countries are most times inadequate and access to the available ones is made difficult by some uncongenial urban environmental conditions. These among other factors results in the poor health indicators normally reported for cities in developing countries. Hence, this study examined the accessibility patterns of people to healthcare facilities and factors responsible for such patterns in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. The locations of healthcare facilities and respondents in the study area were captured through handheld GPS receivers. Also, a set of 591 questionnaires were administered to elicit information about people's perception of healthcare facilities in the city. Spatial analyses of phenomena of interest were carried out using GIS analytical tools. Specifically, the road network was digitized with a connectivity rule from Ikonos Satellite Image and was converted to network data set. Also, the analysis of travel patterns to each healthcare facility was done using origin-destination matrix in the network analysis within the GIS environment. Results showed that the travel distance of most patients to tertiary healthcare facilities is above the WHO standard; while the travel distance to primary and secondary healthcare facilities is within the WHO standard. Furthermore, result showed disparities in the preference of people to healthcare facilities occasioned by distance, transport cost, travel time, quality of service and socioeconomic factors. Approximately 62% of the household patronized hospital for treatment, 23% made use of herb and 15% engaged in self-medication. The result of this study also showed distance covered to healthcare facilities and flow patterns of healthcare users in which the distance
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In the literature of spatial analysis of physical accessibility to rural health care facilities in Nigeria, it seems that growing attention has been given to health care which is a fundamental human right to every citizen to have access to health care services when needed, but cost of living is high, the road network is poor, and many people lack enough to afford expensive healthcare, apart from paying an extra for transport to a long distance health facility. The situation increases the tendency to delay or miss effective health care on a daily basis all over the country; especially in rural areas where infrastructural development is low. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive literature on spatial analysis of physical accessibility to rural health care facilities in Nigeria so as to show the importance of adequate healthcare facilities in providing sustainable rural development.Healthy population and access to healthcare services are significant factors influencing economic d...
LOCATION ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRES IN JOS METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Journal of Geography and Planning, 2023
The location of health facilities plays an important role in health care delivery and management. The aim of the research was to assess location analysis of primary health care centres in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. The objectives covered by the study were to determine the geographical location of the facilities using the global positioning system (GPS); to carry out location analysis of the primary health care centres to determine the pattern of distribution, and to examine the implication of the spatial distribution of the primary health care centres. The spatial analysis was done using Nearest Neighbourhood Analysis (NNA). Primary data was obtained from the X, Y Coordinates of the Primary Health Care Centres and linked with satellite imagery in the database. The spatial analysis was done using Nearest Neighbourhood Analysis (NNA). The location data was imported into a GIS environment and spatial analysis was run on it. The result obtained from the research indicated that the health care centres within the Jos metropolis depicted random distribution patterns, which is an indication not all the areas in the study area were effectively served by the existing primary healthcare facilities. The health centre distribution as seen were twenty (20) in Jos North, and nine (9) in Jos South and one (1) in Jos East LGAs. This distribution pattern can lead to problems such as an increase in infant and maternal mortality, spread of diseases, self-medication and patronage of quack health care practitioners. In line with the findings of the study, it was recommended that there should be an increase in the number of primary health care centres to serve areas where the study found to be lacking in primary health care facilities and areas underserved due to high population density
Global Scientific Journals, 2020
The knowledge about population, location, concentration, and distribution of resources using geospatial techniques has become an important and interesting area of studying present and future demand of resources; this is because of the increasing population growth and demand of resources among people especially in rural areas. Hence, this research provides a spatial analysis of healthcare facilities in the Akko Local Government Area.
Spatial Analysis of Healthcare Facilities in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Nigeria
Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2021
Over the second half of the twentieth century, the world has experienced enormous health improvements from the use of various technologies in the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and reporting various disease. However, developing countries have benefited unequally from health gains, with many, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), continuing to experience high mortality. This study aims to carry out a spatial analysis of healthcare facilities in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria with a view of identifying the pattern of distribution of healthcare facilities. This aim was achieved by identifying and mapping the various health facilities in the FCT. The directory of Hospitals was collected from the Hospital Management Board of the FCT and the geographic location were collected using a handheld GPS device. The administrative map of Abuja and the Area Councils were digitized to obtain shapefiles for various classes of roads, railway lines, waterways and boundaries of the area councils. A geospatial database was created in the ArcMap 10.7 environment using the data collected. The locations of all healthcare facilities were plotted, and the spatial spread of healthcare facilities were analyses and queried. The healthcare facilities distribution shows a clustered pattern but underserving the study area with an average nearest neighbour ratio (NNR) for healthcare facilities in the study of 0.34 (p < 0.001) and the Z-score was −40.9 (p < 0.001), the low Z-score value indicate there is a less than 1% likelihood that this clustered pattern could be the result of deliberate planning. The healthcare facilities distribution pattern suggests a disorderly and inefficient distribution of healthcare facilities. Owing to the significance of the underserving of the urban area councils by healthcare facilities, policymakers may consider placing additional healthcare facilities to reduce the stress on the available healthcare facilities and personnel.
Background:There is geographic variation in accessibility to health care facilities and areas where accessibility to health care facilities is low due to spatial differences in population distribution, transportation infrastructure, and distribution of health care facilities. The aim of this paper was to examine the spatio-physical accessibility to rural healthcare facilities in Nangere Local Government Area of Yobe State. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted using stratified random sampling, with five (5) settlements chosen at random from each of the study political wards. The Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and Global positioning system (GPS). The questionnaires were administered by means of face-toface method of data collection. The GPS (Garmin 76CSx) was used to record the geographic locations of the health facilities and 146 villages across the eleven (11) political wards. The geospatial data was analyzed in ArcGIS 10.8 version's environment. The questionnaires were sorted, coded, and processed using SPSS 22.0 software. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of the respondent's walks on foot to access health facility in their area; this is because the area lacks means of transportation, as government ban the use of motorcycles which are the area's primary mode of transportation. The physical usability was determined using the spider diagram algorithm and ring buffer technique. The minimum distance between the settlements and the nearest facility in each ward was 0.107 kilometers, while the maximum distance was 12.829 kilometers. Conclusion: Even if the travel distance is just a few kilometers, the study concluded that spatial mobility can be low for residents who live in areas without sufficient transportation services.The study suggested that the Nangere Local Government increase overall accessibility to health care facilities by either enhancing public transit or relocating health care facilities according to the spatial and needs of the local population.
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Texila International Journal of Academic Research, 2023
Achieving universal health care (UHC) coverage has been at the forefront of the United Nations (UN) agenda for 2030. Inequality in health care service provision continues to increase, hence militating against the achievement of reducing unequal access to health care. Access is a critical component of the healthcare delivery system that is impacted by both spatial and non-spatial elements. This study utilized health facilities, population, and other open-source data to analyze the distribution and spatial accessibility of healthcare service centers by using Geospatial technologies in the Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State-Nigeria. Two traveling scenarios (Driving and Walking) were used to determine the travel time to the nearest health facilities, defined within a maximum of 30 minutes traveling time using AccessMod (Online) and ArcGIS Pro. It was found that 87% and 75% of the population are within 15 and 30 minutes of travel time by driving and walking, respectively, while 1.3% of the population are outside a 15 km radius of any health facility with a ratio of 1 to 4,454 population to a health facility. The result shows a significant spatial disparity in geographic accessibility and spatial coverage, with some parts of the rural areas not having access to the existing health facility network, regardless of the travel scenario chosen. This will offer an innovative approach to reducing gaps in healthcare access and subsequently enhance the efficient and effective delivery of healthcare services in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) to achieve UHC.