Multi-Constrained QoS Opportunistic Routing by Optimal Power Tuning in Low Duty-Cycle WSNs (original) (raw)
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WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) are a huge collection of sensor nodes which have limited battery power and limited computational capacity. The power limitation causes the nodes to premature dead so the node power should be used efficiently to prolong the network lifetime. In time critical applications, the data should reach the destination within a deadline and without any packet loss which means the QoS metrics such as reliability and delay are very essential for delivering the data to destination. One of the vital challenges for research in wireless sensor networks is the implementation of routing protocols which achieve both Quality of Service (QoS) and energy efficiency. The main task of the routing protocol is to discover and maintain the routes to transmit the data over the network. At present, to increase the performance of the networks, to achieve load balancing and to provide fault tolerance multipath routing techniques are widely used rather than single path routing technique. We present a review on the existing routing protocols for WSN by considering energy efficiency and QoS. We focus on the main motivation behind the development of each protocol and explain the function of various protocols in detail. We compare the protocols based on energy efficiency and QoS metrics. Finally we conclude the study by giving future research directions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2013
https://www.ijert.org/a-state-of-the-art-literature-survey-on-energy-power-constraint-quality-of-service-enabled-routing-for-wireless-sensor-communication-networks https://www.ijert.org/research/a-state-of-the-art-literature-survey-on-energy-power-constraint-quality-of-service-enabled-routing-for-wireless-sensor-communication-networks-IJERTV2IS100592.pdf Wireless Sensor Communication Networks became more popular from the 21st Century and it gets attracted by more over all the fields including medical, education and defence etc. Even very difficult and complex tasks become very simple, by its various applications and advancements of today. Improving the flexibility, Scalability and the efficiency of the Wireless Sensor Networks draw the attention of the researchers to explore more on it, especially on Energy Saving Mechanisms with Quality of Service. Energy has an important impact in Wireless Sensor Communication Networks, because it makes the environment green, at the same it also creates more challenges that to be solved. This paper reviews the existing researches based on Energy / Power Constraint Quality of Service enabled Routing for Wireless Sensor Communication Networks.
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The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging field of wireless network comprising of few to many autonomous tiny sensors nodes, with limited processing, limited memory, limited battery power, limited bandwidth and limited wireless transmission capabilities. The life time of the sensor node depends upon the battery power. WSN are commonly used to monitor environmental conditions like temperature, sound and pressure etc. WSN is an application of MANET. Wireless sensor node collects data and sends back to the sink or Base Station (BS). Data transmission is normally multi-hop among sensor nodes that enable these nodes to transmit data from hop to hop towards the sink or BS. Wireless sensor network requires robust and energy efficient communication protocols to minimize the energy consumption as much as possible. Main penalty area of researchers is to design the energy efficient routing protocol. Routing protocols should be energy efficient, scalable and prolong the network lifetime...
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Many new routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in recent years. Almost all of the routing protocols considered energy efficiency as the ultimate objective since energy is a very scarce resource for sensor nodes. However, the introduction imaging sensors has posed additional challenges. Transmission of imaging data requires both energy and QoS aware routing in order to ensure efficient usage of the sensors and effective access to the gathered measurements. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware QoS routing protocol for sensor networks which can also run efficiently with best-effort traffic. The protocol finds a least-cost, delay-constrained path for real-time data in terms of link cost that captures nodes' energy reserve, transmission energy, error rate and other communication parameters. Moreover, the throughput for non-realtime data is maximized by adjusting the service rate for both real-time and non-real-time data at the sensor nodes. Such adjustment of service rate is done by using t wo different mechanisms. Simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach for different metrics with respect to the baseline approach where same link cost function is used without any service differentiation mechanism.
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Wireless sensor networks are limited in energy. Any routing protocol used in wireless sensor networks should take into consideration the time sensitive nature of the traffic in such networks, along with the amount of energy left for each sensor. In this paper we present an energy aware packet delivery mechanism for probabilistic Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee in wireless sensor networks. Each node takes routing decisions based on geographic progress towards the destination sink, required end-to-end total reaching probability, delay at the candidate forwarding node and residual energy. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol effectively improves the energy usage efficiency of the sensor nodes, maximizing the lifetime of the entire sensor network, while keeping guaranteed QoS.
Opportunistic Routing in Low Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks
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Opportunistic routing is widely known to have substantially better performance than unicast routing in wireless networks with lossy links. However, wireless sensor networks are usually duty cycled, that is, they frequently enter sleep states to ensure long network lifetime. This renders existing opportunistic routing schemes impractical, as they assume that nodes are always awake and can overhear other transmissions. In this article we introduce ORW, a practical opportunistic routing scheme for wireless sensor networks. ORW uses a novel opportunistic routing metric, EDC, that reflects the expected number of duty-cycled wakeups that are required to successfully deliver a packet from source to destination. We devise distributed algorithms that find the EDC-optimal forwarding and demonstrate using analytical performance models and simulations that EDC-based opportunistic routing results in significantly reduced delay and improved energy efficiency compared to traditional unicast routing. In addition, we evaluate the performance of ORW in both simulations and testbed-based experiments. Our results show that ORW reduces radio duty cycles on average by 50% (up to 90% on individual nodes) and delays by 30% to 90% when compared to the state-of-the-art.
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Ensuring (QoS) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a challenging issue due to the lack of resources and energy exhausting of sensor nodes. In this paper we propose a new QoS aware routing protocol for multi-hop wireless sensor networks based on cross-layer interaction between the network, MAC and physical layers. At physical layer, a link quality estimator is studied for the purpose of evaluating link quality. At MAC layer, a differentiated services mechanism is used to distinguish between real time and non-real time packets and to allocate more channel resources for real time traffic; TDMA slots also have been modified to allocate more and earlier slots to real time packets. At network layer, a routing path selection algorithm is introduced for QoS optimisation. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol improves network's performances in terms of energy efficiency and QoS.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are envisioned to facilitate information gathering for various applications and depending on the application types they may require certain quality of service (QoS) guarantee for successful and guaranteed event perception. Therefore, QoS in WSNs is an important issue and two most important parameters that hinder the goal of guaranteed event perception are time-sensitive and reliable delivery of gathered information, while a minimum energy consumption is desired. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware, multi-constrained and multipath QoS provisioning mechanism for WSNs based on optimization approach. Hence, a detailed analytical analysis of reliability, delay and energy consumption is presented to formulate the optimization problem in an analytical way. A greedy algorithm is proposed to achieve the desired QoS guarantee while keeping the energy consumption minimum. Also, a simple but efficient retransmission mechanism is proposed to enhance the reliability further, while keeping the delay within delay bound. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme.