Production of Conventional Fuel from Plastic Waste and Biomass by Pyrolysis (original) (raw)

Pyrolysis process to produce fuel from different types of plastic – a review

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

Fast exhaustion of oil resources and increase in energy demand have focused the researchers to find alternate ways to produce high quality oils that could replace fossil fuels. The idea of waste to energy recovery is one of the promising techniques for managing the waste plastic. Waste plastics are attractive for energy conversion because of their high heat of combustion and bulk availability. Exponential rate of increase in plastic production happens in every year due to the wide range of plastic appliances in domestic as well as industrial purposes. The drastic increase in the plastics production naturally lead to large amount of plastic waste that endangers the environment because of their disposal problems. The conversion of plastic to high quality liquid oil through pyrolysis process is highly advisable as the oil produced has high calorific value than that of commercial fuel. This paper describes commonly used verities of plastics and potential of pyrolysis process to produce fuel using them.

Pyrolysis of plastic waste for liquid fuel production as prospective energy resource

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

The worldwide plastic generation expanded over years because of the variety applications of plastics in numerous sectors that caused the accumulation of plastic waste in the landfill. The growing of plastics demand definitely affected the petroleum resources availability as non-renewable fossil fuel since plastics were the petroleum-based material. A few options that have been considered for plastic waste management were recycling and energy recovery technique. Nevertheless, several obstacles of recycling technique such as the needs of sorting process that was labour intensive and water pollution that lessened the process sustainability. As a result, the plastic waste conversion into energy was developed through innovation advancement and extensive research. Since plastics were part of petroleum, the oil produced through the pyrolysis process was said to have high calorific value that could be used as an alternative fuel. This paper reviewed the thermal and catalytic degradation of plastics through pyrolysis process and the key factors that affected the final end product, for instance, oil, gaseous and char. Additionally, the liquid fuel properties and a discussion on several perspectives regarding the optimization of the liquid oil yield for every plastic were also included in this paper.

Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic into liquid fuel

Zastita materijala, 2016

Process of pyrolysis is a thermochemical process conducted at high temperatures and usually in presence of catalysts. Different type of catalysts, natural and synthetic, can be used for conversion of organic wastes into valuable fuels. The aim of this work is conversion of waste polyolefin mixture and production of liquid fuel using mixture of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 as a catalyst. Waste mixture was pyrolyzed at temperature range 400-550 o C and obtained products were liquid fuel, gas and minor solid residue. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the condensed liquid fraction is much larger than the gaseous fraction. Different amounts of catalyst and polyolefin mixture as a feedstock were used. According to the obtained results, the retention time and the percent of SiO 2 in the catalyst mixture have predominant effect on the amount of liquid product. Decreasing the quantity of SiO 2 in the catalyst mixture increased the yield of liquid product. The physical properties of obtained liquid products were characterized and according to the measured values, liquid fuel belongs to light fraction of diesel fuel.

Design and Fabrication of Extraction Of Fuel From Waste Plastic Using Pyrolysis

2018

There is an increase in the production and consumption of plastics as the day goes by. All plastics need to be disposed after their usefulness, as waste. The needs to manage this waste from plastic become more apparent. This leads to pyrolysis, which is a way of making to become very useful to us by recycling them to produce fuel oil. In this study, plastic wastes (polyethylene) were used for the pyrolysis to get fuel oil that has the same physical properties as the fuel used in aviation industry (JP-4). The experiment was carried out in such a way on, thermal pyrolysis (without the aid of a catalyst). Some of the plastics wastes that are suitable for pyrolysis are: HDPF (high density polyethylene). LDPF (low density polyethylene), polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxymethylene, polyamide, polyurethane, polyphenylene, polyvinyl chloride etc Pyrolysis runs without oxygen and in high temperature of about 430C.Thus the problems faced by the increasing in plastic waste...

Conversion of waste polypropylene plastic into fuel

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019

Plastic is made from wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects. The yearly use of plastics in Bangladesh has grown to 12,00,000 metric tons in 2018. A part of it is recycled but Bangladesh still generates 8,00,000 tons of plastic wastes every year. Disposal of plastic is of great environmental concern now-a-days, as it seizes centuries to decompose if left at its own. Conversion of waste plastic to fuel oil mitigates both plastic pollution problem and fuel crisis. This study focuses on the thermal degradation of polypropylene plastic wastes by pyrolysis process without any catalyst to produce fuel oil. A small scale batch type set up was built to perform thermal degradation of plastic. Polypropylene plastic wastes were cleaned, shredded and pyrolysed from 300-400°C for 60 minutes in this setup. The yield products were liquid fuel oil, gas and black solid plastic residue. These pyrolysed products were collected and characterized by different experimental and analytical methods. The conversion efficiency of oil achieved by the set up was 78% by mass. 73% plastic waste volume reduction was obtained by converting it into fuel oil from solid waste. Equivalent energy output calculated from measured heating value of pyrolytic oil which was obtained from 60 minutes pyrolysis was 12.8MJ/kg. Properties of the fuel oil produced such as-calorific value, viscosity, density, flash point and water content were measured and all of these properties were found to be very close to that of diesel and octane.The products obtained have potential values for further use as fuel oil, lubricating oil, diesel supplement etc which may provide solution as alternative energy resource.

Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste for Liquid Fuel Production

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2021

Due to rapid industrialization as well as increase in medical waste, plastic waste which is non-biodegradable is increasing day by day. Plastic waste management was found to be done by several methods such as plasma process, incineration and pyrolysis out of which catalytic pyrolysis was found to be most economical as it gives alternative for non-renewable sources of energy. Fuel oil can be produced from several raw materials such as biomass, plastic, tyres etc. here polypropylene was used as raw material due to its low melting point also it gives higher calorific value fuel oil. Batch reactor has certain drawbacks as compared to continuous rectors such as manpower requirement, char getting accumulated inside reactor, higher residence time, less pure oil, higher operating temperature etc. in this review various reactors used for pyrolysis have been discussed along with effect of parameters affecting the pyrolysis. Non-condensable gases can be used to heat reactor and minimize waste heat loss.

Plastic Waste Into Fuel Using Pyrolysis Process

This paper discuss about the fuel preparation from low density plastic wastes. Plastics have woven their way into our daily lives and now pose a tremendous threat to the environment. Over a 280 million tone's of plastics are produced annually worldwide, and the used products have become a common feature at overflowing bins and landfills. Here, the process of converting waste plastic into value added fuels is explained as a viable solution for recycling of plastics. Thus two universal problems such as problems of waste plastic and problems of fuel shortage are being tackled simultaneously. In this study, plastic wastes (low density polyethylene) were used for the pyrolysis to get fuel oil that has the same physical properties as the fuels like petrol, diesel etc. Pyrolysis runs without oxygen and in high temperature of about 300°C. The waste plastics are subjected to pyrolysis to obtain different value added fuels such as petrol, kerosene, and diesel, etc. Converting waste plasti...

Production of Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis

2020

Plastics have become an indispensable part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299million tones in 2013, which is believed to be increasing in the near future. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose a tremendous negative significance impacts on the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for production of fuel oil from the polyethene plastic wastes. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid activated clay mineral and aluminum chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: the first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst where 88mL oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39 ℃ and heating rates of 12.5℃/minutes, reaction time of 4hours. The second phase involves the use of acid activated clay mineral where 100mL of oil was obtained and heating rates of 12.5℃/minutes and reaction time of 3hours 30minutes. The third phase was done using aluminium chlorides on activated carbon and 105ml oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 400℃ and heating rates of 15.5℃ reaction time of 3hours 10minutes. From the results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminum chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.

Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics into Fuels

Waste plastic disposal and excessive use of fossil fuels have caused environment concerns in the world. Both plastics and petroleum derived fuels are hydrocarbons that contain the elements of carbon and hydrogen. The difference between them is that plastic molecules have longer carbon chains than those in LPG, petrol, and diesel fuels. Therefore, it is possible to convert waste plastic into fuels.