Milk quality and profile of producers from a milk pick-up route (original) (raw)
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Risk factors associated with selected indicators of milk quality in semiarid northeastern Brazil
Journal of Dairy Science, 2011
The aim of this study was to gain information on quality traits, mainly bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk milk, produced by small-and medium-scale producers in a semiarid northeastern region of Brazil and to identify and characterize possible risk factors associated with those quality traits. A cross-sectional study was performed on 50 farms. Bulk milk samples were collected for bacterial and somatic cell counts. Additionally, information about farm demographics, general management practices, hygiene, and milking procedures was also obtained. Multivariable analysis using logistic regression was performed with predictors previously identified by univariate analysis using a Fisher's Exact test. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts varied from 3.59 log to 6.95 log cfu/mL, with geometric mean of 5.27 log cfu/mL. Mean total coliform count was 3.27 log (1.52 log to 5.89 log) most probable number (MPN)/mL, whereas mean thermotolerant coliforms was 2.38 log (1.48 log to 4.75 log) MPN/mL. A high positive correlation was observed between aerobic mesophilic bacteria and coliform counts. Although most farms met the standard for the current regulations for total bacteria (88%) and somatic cell counts (94%), nearly half of the producers (46%) would have problems in achieving the 2012 threshold limit for total bacteria count if no improvement in milk quality occurs. Mean value for staphylococci was 3.99 log (2.31 log to 6.24 log) cfu/mL, and Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 33 (66%) farms. Premilking teat-end wash procedure (odds ratio = 0.191) and postmilking teat dip (odds ratio = 0.67) were associated with lower aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus counts in bulk milk, respectively. Considering that the farm characteristics in this study are representative of the semiarid northeastern region, these findings encourage further investigations for supporting intervention measures intended to improve the quality of milk produced by smallholders.
Milk production characteristics in Southern Brazil
Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2015
This paper aimed to describe milk production in Southern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, and to identify factors that affect milk quality at this region. The average age of regional dairy farmers is 49, and 67.9% has not concluded elementary school. Dairy farming is carried out on properties with an average of 26.06 hectares and 8.4 lactating cows. Most of them (32.83%) yield 50 to 100 L/day. Among the properties, 13.21% yield up to 30 L/day, and only 1.89% produces over 500 milk liters a day. Average yield was 6.8 L/day. Regarding to milking procedure, 39.3% farmers milk manually the animals, only 14.2% performed pre-milking teat disinfection, and 53.9% uses a single cloth to dry all animal teats. For infrastructure, 52.8% milks animals in wooden cowsheds. We observed that the average somatic cell count (SCC) was within legal parameters, presenting negative correlation with milk production (r =-0.23) and lactose content (r =-0.39). However, the total bacterial count (TBC) was above legal parameters. Education level seems to interfere in management and milk quality, because the less educated groups are, the less adequate are infrastructure, management, and product quality. Data show that there is a lower quality milk production where poor management techniques are adopted and owner education level affects milk quality.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 2013
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Milk quality and characterization of different geographic regions of Brazil: a literature review
Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha
Milk is a rich source of nutrients that are important for human health. Due to its high nutritional value, it is considered an ideal substrate for the proliferation of pathogenic and deteriorating micro-organisms. Therefore, some control measures are necessary to guarantee the quality of milk and dairy products. The aim of this review is to present the main quality parameters in accordance with Brazilian legislation, as well as to provide data and studies on the characteristics and quality of milk in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, besides consulting the legislation, articles were used located by the following keywords: "Milk quality", "Milk preservation" and "Milk storage", in the databases "Google Scholar", "SciELO" and "LILACs". It was found that even with control and regulation of dairy farming, failures can still occur in the various regions of the country, which can be minimised with technical assistanc...
Food and Public Health, 2012
Milk is a food that inherently favors microbial growth and due to its characteristics several precautions must be taken to prevent contamination in its production, processing, marketing and consumption, which are routinely subject to changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbiological contamination in milk produced at two farms in the Far West of Santa Catarina, before and after the application of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Initially, samples of the milk, surfaces of equipment and utensils for milking, the teats of animals, disinfectants, and water were tested. Next, we conducted training of the farmers in microbiological analysis of milk samples. The analyses included counts of mesophilic aerobes (MA), Staphylococcus coagulase positive (SA), total coliform (TC), and thermotolerant (FC). The methods used for analyses were those described by the Regulation number 62 of August 26th, 2003 published by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply (MAPA) that follows methods recommended by the Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods-APHA. The mean values for MA, SA, TC, and FC in milk obtained before and after the training were, respectively: 4.88 and 3.69 log colony-forming-unit (CFU)/ ml, 3.04 and 2.37 log CFU / ml, 61.19 Most probable number (MPN) and 17.89 MPN/ ml, and 40.26 and 8.71 MPN/ ml. Thus, according to these results, including training in GMP can improve the quality of milk, with immediate results for MA, TC, and CF. But, beyond the procedures employed, the control and prevention of mastitis could help to avoid contamination by SA.
Milk quality from Western Santa Catarina in the period of 2009 - 2010
Revista Academica Ciências Agrarias e Ambientais, 2013
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of refrigerated raw milk produced by 912 farmers in the Western part of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The parameters analyzed were fat, protein, lactose, solids nonfat (SNF) content, standard plate count (SPC) and somatic cell count (SCC). A comparative analysis study with data from 2009 and 2010 was also conducted, which has shown that SCC influenced on the physico-chemical results. It was also observed that in 2010 the values for SCC were higher than in 2009, out of the limits recommended by the legislation until 2011. The SPC values were well above the maximum level accepted, indicating high contamination of milk with aerobic mesophilic microorganisms. The data collected indicated that only 4.9% of the producers sampled in 2009 and 8.1% in 2010 were in compliance with the standards enforced by a new legislation of January 2012. There was also increase on the milk fat content as SCC increased, which was not observed wi...
Seasonal and Handling Effects on Milk Quality from Pires Rural Producers Association
Revista Brasileira de Agropecuária Sustentável, 2016
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of year seasons, refrigeration methods, transport and number of milking sessions on the quality of milk produced by farmers members of an association in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In the years 2009 and 2010, monthly milk samples from each property were collected to analysis contents of fat (FAT), protein (PRO), nonfat solids (NFS), somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC). The effects of months, year season, types of refrigeration at the property, transportation methods and number of milking sessions were evaluated. The results were analyzed in mixed model, assessing the effects of year season on all characteristics (FAT, PRO, NFS, SCC and TBC) and effects of transport, refrigeration and number of milking sessions on SCC and TBC. There was effect of season in all evaluated characteristics, with greater contents of FAT, PRO and NFS in autumn. Total bacterial count was lower in winter and higher in spring, while the SCC was lower in summer and higher in autumn. There was no effect of transportation or refrigeration on SCC, but they affected TBC. Somatic cell count varied according to number of milking sessions. Year season, transport type, refrigeration method and number of milking sessions influence the milk quality.
Monitoring of Qualitative Profile of Buffalo Milk in Brazil
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The production and consumption of buffalo milk have reached great nutritional importance and economic relevance in Brazil, which makes monitoring the quality of the raw material an essential aspect of this production. Nonetheless, little has been discussed about this matter, with only one state legislation regulating the quality of buffalo milk in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of raw milk from 30 farms in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to trace a qualitative profile of buffalo milk production in the region. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters and somatic cell count (SCC) of milk were evaluated over 11 months. Titratable acidity and fat content (16.68% and 5.74%, respectively) were above the established minimum levels. While microbiological parameters were high, the mean SCC was below the established limit. There were no physicochemical changes in raw milk; however, there was a high count of microorganisms, related to inadequate hygien...
International Journal of New Technology and Research, 2019
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Ciência Animal Brasileira
This study aimed to verify the relationship between parameters of physicochemical composition, microbiological quality, and volume of milk delivered to a dairy in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, at four different times in 2020. For this purpose, the parameters volume, protein, fat, lactose, total solids, somatic cell count (SCC), and standard plate count (SPC) were evaluated. The data were collected in January, April, July, and October from 1634 dairy farms located in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul. The data were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation, while the means were compared using Tukey’s test, both at a 5% significance. Milk fat and protein contents were higher during fall (4.02 and 3.35%) and winter (3.90 and 3.36%, respectively), contributing to a higher concentration of solids. The microbiological quality of milk, especially SCC, is compromised during the warmer months due to the thermal stress suffered by the animals, challenging their immune s...