Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (original) (raw)
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Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
The incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Serbia is less than one per 100,000 citizens, which classifies it as a region with low incidence for this disease. The aim of this study was to test some hypotheses of the risk factors for undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type (UCNT) in the low incidence population. A case-control study was used for the research. The study included 45 cases with histopathological diagnosis of UCNT and 90 controls. Cases and the controls were individually matched by sex, age (+/- 3 years), and place of residence (city-village). Data were gathered about sociodemographic characteristics, occupational exposure to harmful agents, habits, diet, personal history, and family history. In the analysis of the data, conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied. According to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis UCNT was significantly positively associated with "passive smoking" of toba...
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare variety of head and neck cancers. The risk factors include three major causes: genetic factors, viral infection, and environmental and dietary factors. The types of NPC show strong ethnic and geographic variations. The keratinizing and non-keratinizing types are prevalent in the lower incidence regions like North America and Europe; whereas the undifferentiated type is mostly found in the regions with higher incidences like China, North Africa, Arctic, and Nagaland of NorthEast India. These suggest a possible major role of the internal genetic factors for generation and promotion of this disease. Viral infections might accelerate the process of carcinogenesis by helping in cellular proliferation and loss of apoptosis. Diet and other environmental factors promote these neoplastic processes and further progression of the disease occurs.
Nasopharyngeal Cancer in the World:Epidemiology, Incidence,Mortality and Risk Factors
2018
– Objective:Nasopharyngeal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the head and neck areas. Men are two to three times more likely to develop it than women. The peak age of incidence is between 50 and 60 years. Informing about the occurrence, death and risk factors in prevention programs is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, mortality, and risk factors for nasopharyngeal cancer in the world.Materials and Methods: This review study was conducted on published English studies by January 2017 by searching in the databases of PubMed, Scopus and web of science. The search strategy included the key words “nasopharyngeal cancer”, “epidemiology”, “incidence”, “mortality”, “risk factor”, “world”. Studies related to incidence, mortality and risk factors for nasopharyngeal cancer were entered into the review.Results: Nasopharyngeal cancer is generally more common in Southeast Asia. The five coun-tries with the highest incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer i...
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA (IJNPC), 2019
Article Info Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer in the head and neck. NPC is a malignancy of squamous cell on nasopharyngeal epithelial with the most common predilection site in rosenmuller fossa. The etiology of this disease are multifactorial. A low oral hygiene on naso-orohypopharyngeal/laryngeal wall, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, genetic/hereditary factors, exposure to radiation, nutritional, deficiencies or decreased immune system are recognized as a risk factors. The study aim is to find out a characteristic of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their risk factors in the west Nusa Tenggara Hospital in September-October 2018. Methods: The study design was descriptive-cross sectional. The research subjects were NPC patients who came to the West Nusa Tenggara Hospital ENT-HNS Clinic, in the period September-October 2018. Results: There were 37 patients enrolled to this study. According to this study, the most patients found in age group 46 to 55 years (35.1%), predominantly men (67.6%) with the men and women ratio 2.5: 1. Based on patients origin, they come from all districts in west Nusa Tenggara province, with the most districts found in West Lombok (29.7%). The most risk factors were food factors (food preservative 19.9%, food flavoring 19.9%, salted fish 15.6% carcinogenic (grilled food) 6.5%), and environmental factors (cigarettes 11.3%, smoke 4.8 % and 4.8% dust). Conclusion: There were several risk factors found in this study, however, the most risk factor was food factors (61.9%) followed by environmental factors (20.9%).
Majalah Kedokteran Sriwijaya, 2019
Karsinoma nasofaring (KNF) adalah tumor ganas yang berada dibagian mukosa rongga nasofaring yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satu faktornya adalah merokok. Kebiasaan merokok meningkatkan kepekaan terhadap terjadinya KNF. Merokok menyebabkan terjadinya mutasi gen p53, gen p53 memegang peranan terhadap kerusakan DNA sel dengan jalan menghambat progresi sel. Hilangnya fungsi gen p53 menyebabkan hilangnya kontrol pada siklus sel, sehingga terjadi proliferasi sel-sel sehingga besar peluangnya untuk menjadi sel kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan stadium karsinoma nasofaring.Penelitian ini adalah studi observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel adalah pasien poliklinik THT-KL dan rekam medik pasien karsinoma nasofaring di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang bulan Januari 2017-Desember 2018.Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 70 kasus.Hasil penelitian ini akan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi.Dari 70 kasus pa...
Descriptive epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Peninsular Malaysia
Cancer Causes and Control, 1992
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers in Malaysia, a country in Southeast Asia with a multiracial population. While hospital-based data on NPC and data from a few states have been reported, a comprehensive study involving every known NPC patient in the whole of Peninsular Malaysia in one particular year had never been done. In the present study, the computed incidence rate was not only adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and place of residence, but also direct standardization methods of Rothman and Dever were used to reduce any distortion. The mean age of the 365 new cases of NPC registered in 1988 was 46.8 years (SD + 12.2 years). The ages of patients ranged from 10 to 80 years. The incidence in both sexes rose after the age of 20-29 years and reached a plateau between 40 and 49 years. No further rise was exhibited after age 60 years. The Chinese had the highest age-adjusted incidence rates, particularly for the age group 40-49 years, where the incidence rate was 40.1 per 100,000 for males and 14.9 for females. The average ageadjusted male/female ratio was 2.8:1. Age-adjusted incidence varied by place of residence. The pattern that emerged from the data indicated the possibility of interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental cofactors in the etiology of NPC.
The aetiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences, 2001
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a disease with a remarkable racial and geographical distribution. In most parts of the world it is a rare condition and in only a handful of places does this low risk pro®le alter. These include the Southern Chinese, 1,2 Eskimos and other Arctic natives, 3,4 inhabitants of South-East Asia and also the populations of North Africa and Kuwait. 5±8 Keywords nasopharyngeal carcinoma aetiology epidemiology A retrospective review of all the world literature pertaining to the aetiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was undertaken. This included a comprehensive Medline search on CD-ROM and the Internet, the Cochrane library and Index Medicus.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Objective: Risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have been linked with diets, life style and viral infections. NPC is more rampant in Asian populations than non-Asian countries. Our study aims to assess the validity of the suggestions provided by multiple case control studies demonstrating that salted fish consumption, smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with the risk of NPC in Asia. Methods: Search for related literature on salted fish, smoking and alcohol consumption were performed via Science Direct, PubMed databases and Google Scholar. Articles included in this study were from 2009 to 2017, with specific focus on salted fish, smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors of NPC. This study excluded all articles published prior to 2009 and articles involving other cancers. Data were extracted independently by two different researchers and harmonized. Meta-analysis was conducted on the obtained data, by using R package Meta to create funnel and forest plots. Results: The meta-analysis revealed that salted fish, smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly associated to NPC risk with random effect model score showing
International Journal of Cancer, 2009
To understand the role of environmental and genetic influences on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in populations at high risk of NPC, we have performed a case-control study in Guangxi Province of Southern China in [2004][2005]. NPC cases (n 5 1,049) were compared with 785 NPC-free matched controls who were seropositive for IgA antibodies (IgA) to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA)-a predictive marker for NPC in Chinese populations. A questionnaire was used to capture exposure and NPC family history data. Risk factors associated with NPC in a multivariant analysis model were the following: (i) a first, second or third degree relative with NPC [attributable risk (AR)5 6%, odds ratio (OR) 5 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5 2.0-4.9, p < 0.001]; (ii) consumption of salted fish 3 or more than 3 times per month (AR 5 3%, OR 5 1.9, 95% CI 5 1.1-3.5, p 5 0.035); (iii) exposure to domestic wood cooking fires for more than 10 years (AR 5 69%, OR 5 5.8, 95% CI 5 2.5-13.6, p < 0.001); and (iv) exposure to occupational solvents for 10 or less years (AR 5 4%, OR 5 2.6, 95% CI 5 1.4-4.8, p 5 0.002). Consumption of preserved meats or a history of tobacco smoking were not associated with NPC (p > 0.05). We also assessed the contribution of EBV/ IgA/VCA antibody serostatus to NPC risk-32.2% of NPC can be explained by IgA1 status. However, family history and environmental risk factors cumulatively explained only 2.7% of NPC development in NPC high risk population. These findings should have important public health implications for NPC risk reduction in endemic regions. ' 2009 UICC