Development of calcium fluoride thin film on Ti-6Al-4V material by a dip coating process with an intermediate shellac layer for biocompatible orthopedic applications (original) (raw)
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Titanium alloys (Ti6A14V) are biomaterials of choice in dentistry, due totheir resistance to the biological constraints of the environment. Their use still causes in a number of cases, problems of osseointegrationthat urge us to raise again the question of the interface of titanium alloys withmineralized tissues in particular. The purpose of this study isfirst to evaluate the biocompatibility of these implants in the biological medium while offering alternative proposals for improving the osseointegration of these implants. Two studies were first conducted for this evaluation: in vitro study on human fibroblast cell cultures and bacterial colonization in the presence of four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemolytic streptococcus) with and without implants , in vivo study on Wistar wistarrats (n = 35) which consists in the implantation of the biomaterial at the gingival sulcus and the renal capsule ; procurement of target organs of the cytotoxicity (sulcus, kidney and liver) and their morphological study withan optical microscope. Our results showed that the implants of titanium alloy (Ti6A14V) indeed disrupt the cellular structure of the organs studied compared to controls. The proliferation of bacterial strains studied was substantially similar in culture plates with and without implants. The proliferation of human fibroblasts in cell culture showed no significant change between the implants pits and the control pits. We concluded that the implants of titanium alloy (Ti6A14V) were biocompatible in vitro but cause some problems in vivo. This could explain the negative impact of these implants on osseointegration. The surface of implantscouldbe a limiting factorfor the biocompatibility and the osseointegration of titanium alloys (Ti6A14V). We have then showed,with a similar histopathological study, that the coating of the implants of titanium alloywithDiamond- Like Carbon (DLC) reduce completely the observed effects in the kidney and the liver rat.
Biomimetic Coating of Precalcified Ti6Al4V Alloy
The Open Medical Devices Journal, 2009
Calcium hydroxyapatite, HA, (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) bioceramics, owing to their similarity with the human bone and dentin minerals, attract significant interest for orthopaedic and dental applications. Biological apatites, on the other hand, are carbonate substituted and calcium-deficient. Biomimetic coating of titanium and related alloys with carbonated apatitic calcium phosphate is an important area of research in implantology. While this paper specifically refers to coating Ti-6Al-4V, (TAV) the obtained results are valid with other related alloys as well.
Characterization of biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy
2006
This study examined the effect of chitosan degree of deacetylation (DDA), concentration of simulated body fluid (SBF), and mineralization time on the composition, structure, and crystallinity of calcium phosphate (CaP) biomimetically deposited on chitosan and on osteoblast cell growth. Phosphorylated chitosan films of 92.3%, 87.4%, and 80.6% DDA were soaked in SBF (1.0Â or 1.5Â) for 7, 14, or 21 days. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that CaP precipitated from 1.5Â SBF had a porous, granular morphology; while the coatings precipitated in 1.0Â SBF were smoother and more uniform. X-ray diffraction showed that films mineralized in 1.0Â SBF were amorphous, while films mineralized in 1.5Â SBF for 21 days exhibited crystalline peaks similar to hydroxyapatite, with the most crystalline peaks seen on 92.3% DDA chitosan. When mineralized films were placed in cell media for 14 days, more calcium phosphate precipitated onto all films, and the most calcium phosphate was found on 92.3% DDA films mineralized in 1.5Â SBF. After seven days of osteoblast culture, there were approximately three times as many cells (based on DNA measurements, p < 0.05) on 92.3% DDA films soaked in 1.0Â SBF for seven or 21 days than on 80.6% DDA films soaked in 1.0Â SBF for any length of time or any films soaked in 1.5Â SBF. The DDA of chitosan, concentration of SBF and mineralization time affect the structure of and biological response to chitosan/biomimetic CaP films, and these factors must be considered when designing new materials to be used in orthopaedic and dental/craniofacial implant applications.
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2012
The properties of DLC layers provide for their broad use in medical applications. Their tribological properties are frequently utilized in big joint implants, and their barrier effect offers another benefit. The present work studied corrosion behavior of DLC coatings formed on titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy with a titanium or chromium inter-layer, in environments to which dental implants may be exposed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, XPS surface analysis, ICP/MS chemical analysis method and a set of standard biological tests were employed in the study. The behavior of both coated systems, regardless of the basic material, was comparable in an environment that did not contain fluoride ions. An addition of fluorides revealed the occurrence of pores as deep as the DLC layer even in specimens with a surface polished prior to coating. Porosity of layers was clearly evident on jet-blasted specimens. The best corrosion behavior was recorded in specimens with a chromium interlayer on both types of the basic material. With the titanium inter-layer applied, coatings on TiAlV exhibited higher corrosion resistance than those on commercial-pure titanium. The conducted biological tests indicated applicability of a chromium inter-layer on DLC coated implants.
Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants: A Review
Prosthesis
The topic of titanium alloys for dental implants has been reviewed. The basis of the review was a search using PubMed, with the large number of references identified being reduced to a manageable number by concentrating on more recent articles and reports of biocompatibility and of implant durability. Implants made mainly from titanium have been used for the fabrication of dental implants since around 1981. The main alloys are so-called commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and Ti-6Al-4V, both of which give clinical success rates of up to 99% at 10 years. Both alloys are biocompatible in contact with bone and the gingival tissues, and are capable of undergoing osseointegration. Investigations of novel titanium alloys developed for orthopaedics show that they offer few advantages as dental implants. The main findings of this review are that the alloys cpTi and Ti-6Al-4V are highly satisfactory materials, and that there is little scope for improvement as far as dentistry is concerned. The...
Influence of a Fluoridated Medium with Different pHs on Commercially Pure Titanium-Based Implants
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2009
Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the influence of a fluoride medium with different pHs on the corrosion resistance of three commercially pure titaniumbased dental implant commercial brands, under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS. Materials and Methods: Forty-two dental implants, from three commercial brands, were used. Five years of regular use of mouth rinsing, with NaF 1500 ppm content and two different pHs, were simulated by immersing the specimens into that medium for 184 hours. Results: SEM and EDS analyses demonstrated no evidence of corrosion on the specimens' surfaces after being submitted to fluoride ions or incorporation of fluoride ions to the set surface. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that both the fluoride concentration and the pH of the solutions did not exert any influence upon implant corrosion resistance.
Improved retention and bone-tolmplant contact with fluoride-modified titanium implants
The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a fluoride modification of the titanium surface would have an effect on bone response after implantation. Titanium-oxide-blasted titanium implants with and without fluoride modification were investigated in a rabbit tibia model. Quantitative analysis of surface roughness, biomechanical interlocking, and in vivo tissue reactions in rabbit bone at 1 and 3 months after placement were compared. The fluoride-modified test implants had a slightly smoother surface (Sa: 0.91 +/- 0.14 microm) than the unmodified control implants (Sa: 1.12 +/- 0.24 microm). Significantly higher removal torque values (85 +/- 16 Ncm vs 54 +/- 12 Ncm) and shear strength between bone and implants (23 +/- 9 N/mm2 vs 15 +/- 5 N/mm2) were measured for the fluoride-modified implants after 3 months. The histomorphometric evaluations demonstrated higher bone-to-implant contact for test implants at 1 month (35% +/- 14% vs 26% +/- 8%) and 3 months (39% +/- 11% v...
The surface and cross-section characteristics of the plasma-sprayed calcium phosphate coatings, along with the microstructures and elemental compositions near the titanium alloy interface, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy for two different dental implants of proprietary compositions: Integral® (Calcitek) and BioVent® (Dentsply). Elemental concentrations (Ca, P, Ti, Al, and V) near the interfaces were obtained by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Coating surfaces exhibited a splat deposition topography of greatly differing microstructural scale for the two implants, along with other features characteristic of the plasma-spraying process; cross-sections of the coatings revealed minimal porosity. Some interdiffusion of principally titanium and calcium was found within a narrow region near the ceramic-metal interface, perhaps contributing to chemical bonding.