Genetically Modified organisms(GMO) (original) (raw)

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS: A SOLUTION TO FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT

The concern of food security and environment sustainability is having high priority due to huge population and alarming prices of commodity worldwide. International organisations are trying hard to find ways to remove hunger, poverty, and health issues. The per capita availability of food remains stagnant as the world's population is increasing, and any attempt to decrease poverty is further increasing demand for food. By 2050 world population will reach up to 9.5 billion but world seems inefficient to feed them. Generally, Asian and African agriculture is a gamble of monsoon which is highly erratic. Further, farmers are using different types of pesticides, insecticides and fertilizer etc. to increase production which are directly and indirectly influence the food quality and environmental sustainability. The goal of the paper is to show an alternative arrangement that the GMOs have potential to offer nutritious food as well maintain the environmental sustainability through analysing the present data of countries which adopted GMOs technique. In the 21st century Biotechnology has applied as one of the eco-friendly-technology. Many developed countries have opted to incorporate the technology to improve their productivity. One such way to meet the demand is by using Genetically Modified food (GM food). GM foods are produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. The paper attempts to suggest that scientists, policymakers, experts and farmers should collaborate to find new and creative ways to increase food production to arrange the growing demand of food in a sustainable way. The growing constraints of land and water availability, technological inventions could use for providing more sustainable and nutritious alternative for the coming generations.

Genetically Modified Crops & their advantages over traditional crops

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2018

Genetically Engineering have been used from a long time to get the desired traits in the produce for many reasons either to achieve high yield or to resist the stress conditions. Throughout history many crops have been modified from their original state by selection, controlled breeding etc. With time, new methods have been developed to modify crops genetically using genetic engineering approach, to develop new plants with different characteristics more rapidly with best results like high yield with good quality, insect resistance, drought & stress tolerance and Phytoremediation etc. Genetically Modified Crops were in a huge debate for its use and their effects on human and environment. But with modern methods and more safer approach GM crops have the potential to solve world's hunger and malnutrition like big problems and to contribute to the ecosystem by reducing the use of chemicals, fertilizers and pesticides. This review will address different methodologies use to develop the Genetically Modified Crops from history times to present, Ways to identify the presence of GMOs, Present GM Crops with their modified traits.

Genetically modified crops: methodology, benefits, regulation and public concerns

British Medical Bulletin, 2000

The genetic modification of crop plants from the methodology involved in their production through to the current debate on their use in agriculture are reviewed. Techniques for plant transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment, and for the selection of transgenic plants using marker genes are described. The benefits of currently available genetically modified (GM) crops in reducing waste and agrochemical use in agriculture, and the potential of the technology for further crop improvement in the future are discussed. The legal requirements for containment of novel GM crops and the roles of relevant regulatory bodies in ensuring that GM crops and food are safe are summarized. Some of the major concerns of the general public regarding GM crops and food: segregation of GM and non-GM crops and cross-pollination between GM crops and wild species, the use of antibiotic resistance marker genes, the prevention of new allergens being introduced in to the food chain and the relative safety of GM and non-GM foods are considered. Finally, the current debate on the use of GM crops in agriculture and the need for the government, scientists and industry to persevere with the technology in the face of widespread hostility is studied.

A Review on Concerns and Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms

2014

The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methods can be very time consuming and are often not very accurate. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, can create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and with great accuracy for the betterment of society through development of crops with improved nutritional quality, resistance to pests and diseases, and reduced cost of production. Although this method is more efficient, critics fear that the result-a "novel gene combination"-may have health or environmental impacts that are not being adequately addressed. As a result; the technology is surrounded by significant controversy especially in the areas of safety testing, regulation, international policy and food labeling. Intensive studies have been made concerning the benefits and concerns of GMO that means biotechnology offers a variety of potential benefits and risks. These studies indicated that the techniques have to been proceed with caution to avoid causing unintended harm to human health and the environment as a result of our enthusiasm for this powerful technology. Generally, Biotechnology, in the form of genetic engineering, is a facet of science that has the potential to provide important benefits if used carefully and ethically.

Genetically Modified Organisms

This paper is an attempt to condense and examine the merit(s) of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO s ) in global industries, particularly food production and distribution. The notion of GMO s resulting from various technologies is visited from the standpoint of relative improvement in livestock and crops. We will evaluate key research geared to the assessment of technologies instrumental in the production of GMO s . The safety factor relating to the consumption of food comprised of GMO s pertaining to humans and lower order mammalians will be considered. Likewise, ongoing concerns as to the impact of GMO s on the environment are reviewed. The possibility of bias as it pertains to research driven by geo-political interests and economic agendas seems to factor into this timely debate and will be placed into perspective. My conclusion is that GMO s are a welcome technologic advance, serving to improve food production and distribution relative to the world's need for more abundant quantities and efficient techniques to prevail in the battle against hunger and famine.

Genetic Modified Food for Ensuring Food Security Issues

Sustainable Development, 2022

Genetic modification is a technology that allows incorporating beneficial genes from other organisms. One of the major challenges of current era is feeding the consisting growing population of the world. Reduced cultivatable land and climate change have made it even more challenging. Through genetic engineering technology it is possible to develop high yielding, disease resistance and climate resilient crop varieties within shorter period of time than the conventional ways. Current global status of GM crop cultivation and production has already proved that GM crops have the potential to achieve food security for the future world. However, in most of the countries, public has misperception of its risks on human health and environment. Due to such misconception most of the countries have not adopted GM crops yet which could make it difficult to utilize GM crops to achieve food security. Therefore, in this book chapter we discussed on how genetically modified crops are developed, what ...

Review of impacts of GMO on human

Biotechnology offers a variety of potential benefits and risks. It has enhanced food production by making plants less vulnerable to drought, frost, insects, and viruses and by enabling plants to compete more effectively against weeds for soil nutrients. In a few cases, it has also improved the quality and nutrition of foods by altering their composition. However, the use of biotechnology has also raised concerns about its potential risks to the environment and people. For example, some people fear that common plant pests could develop resistance to the introduced pesticides in GM crops that were supposed to combat them. Genetic engineering provides a means to introduce genes into plants via mechanisms that are different in some respects from classical breeding. A number of commercialized, genetically engineered (GE) varieties, most notably canola, cotton, maize and soybean, were created using this technology, and at present the traits introduced are herbicide and/or pest tolerance. Gene technology enables the increase of production in plants, as well as the rise of resistance to pests, viruses, frost, etc. Gene transfer is used to modify the physical and chemical composition and nutritional value of food. Gene transfer in animals will play a part in boundless possibilities of improving qualitative and quantitative traits. The yield, carcass composition and meat characteristics the use of nutritive substances ? not sure what is being said here?, and resistance to diseases can be improved. On the other hand, negative effects of gene technology on animals, human, and environment should be considered. The present review article is the compilation of various studies that present both positive and negative impacts of genetically modified food on human health.

World Cultivation of Genetically Modified Crops: Opportunities and Risks

The increase in population has exerted tremendous pressure on global food supply with more than one in every seven people suffering from lack of basic food or micronutrient malnourishment. Moreover, anthropogenic activities such as exhaustion of natural resources and global warming further aggravate the problem. Therefore, scientists are studying ways to ensure sustainable and equitable food security along with preservation of environment. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology in 1980s, transgenic crops have been adopted to increase both quality and quantity of food. There has been a remarkable progression in identifying ways to increase plant productivity, discover novel and active metabolites, alternative fuel sources, chemical factories synthesising animal proteins and antibiotics, using transgenic plants. Here, we provide a global pattern of genetically modified crop cultivation and strategies adopted by small and large scale farmers in different countries in order to strike a balance between food security, social and environmental repercussions. Genetically modified (GM) crops are increasingly used to improve plant quality and stress tolerance. Herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant transgenic crops have been Lamis Javid and Samarth Kulshrestha contributed equally to this work.