Toward nanoanalytical chemistry: case of nanomaterial integration into [bio]sensing systems (original) (raw)
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2014
γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane Carboxylated SWCNTs Amino acids Atomic force microscopy α,α'-azobisisbutyronitrile Gold naoparticles Background Electrolyte Sodium tetraborate anhydrous Carboxylated SWCNTs Contactless conductivity detector Circular dichroism Capillary Electrophoresis Capillary electrochromatography Capillary gel electrophoresis Capillary isoelectric focusing Capillary isotachophoresis Catecholamines Catechol-O-methyltransferases Carbon nanotubes Condensation nucleation light scattering detection Chemical vapor deposition Cysteine Capillary zone electrophoresis Dopamine Diode array detector Dynamic light scattering Deoxyribonucleic acid Divinylbenzene Capillary electrochromatography Ethylene-glicol dimethacrylate Electrochemical detection Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Evaporative light scattering detector Electroosmotic Flow Electrospray ionisation Aim 8 separation of NPs, particularly, gold NPs (AuNPs). (2) Design and development of new analytical methodologies based on NPs for the improvement of (bio)chemical measurement processes, i.e., the use of NPs as an analytical tool. Within this specific objective also aims to develop novel strategies for functionalization of NPs (particularly magnetic and gold NPs), to establish specific or selective interactions with the analyte of interest. Therefore, the need to resort to other less favorable alternatives is also avoided. * * NPs State of NPs Techniques Analytes Ref CNT Bonded GC Racemates [45] Fullerene Coated GC Aromatic hydrocarbons [46] AuNPs Coated GC Benzene, etc. [47] Silica Packed GC Alkanes, alcohols, etc [48] CNT Bonded HPLC Cellulose trisphenylcarbamate [49] Fullerene Packed HPLC Organic molecules [50] AuNPs Coated HPLC Peptides [51] Silica Packed HPLC-[52] CNT Coated CE Flavonoids and phenolic acids [53] Fullerene Coated CE Ephedrines [54] AuNPs Capped CE Dopamine, etc. [55] Silica Adsorbed CE Proteins [56] CNT Bonded CEC Tetracyclines [57] AuNPs Coated CEC FITC-labeled ephedrine, etc. [58] Silica Coated CEC Enantiomers [59] The use of MetNPs and CNTs in manufacturing the electrodescomposites (where they act as mediators), are dramatically increasing. The "new" electrodes are important because of their numerous advantages, including large surface area, low resistance to electronic transmission and the ability to absorb chemically (bio)chemical analytes, which make them very attractive and useful in the electrochemical classical determinations [60]. The roles that play the NPs in this field are the minimization of deterioration of the electrode surfaces, the increase of the electrocatalytic activity and the simplification immobilization process of biomolecules (such as enzymes,
Nano-biosensors in cellular and molecular biology
Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2018
Detection and quantification of various biological and non-biological species today is one of the most important pillars of all experimental sciences, especially sciences related to human health. This may apply to a chemical in the factory wastewater or to identify a cancer cell in a person's body, it may be apply to trace a useful industrial microorganism or human or plant pathogenic microorganisms. In this regard, scientists from various sciences have always striven to design and provide tools and techniques for identifying and quantifying as accurately as possible to trace various analyte types with greater precision and specificity. Nano science, which has flourished in recent years and is nowadays widely used in all fields of science, also has a unique place in the design and manufacture of sensors and this, in addition to the new and special characteristics of nanoparticles, is due to the ability of nano-devices to penetrate into very tiny places to track the species. On t...
Nanoanalytics: history, concepts, and specificities
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This article deals with analytical chemistry devoted to nano-objects. A short review presents nano-objects, their singularity in relation to their dimensions, genesis, and possible transformations. The term nano-object is then explained. Nano-object characterization activities are considered and a definition of nanoanalytics is proposed. Parameters and properties for describing nanoobjects on an individual scale and on the scale of a population are also presented. They enable the specificities of analytical activities to be highlighted in terms of multi-criteria description strategies and observation scale. Special attention is given to analytical methods, their dimensioning and validation.
Practical Implications of using Nanoelectrodes for Bioanalytical Measurements
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The performance of a 50 nm thick nanoband electrode structure which forms an array of nano-scale electrodes has been investigated for bioelectrochemical applications, specifically the performance related to the detection of three common bioelectrochemical redox species, ferrocene carboxylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and 4-aminophenol. The detection limits were established to be 89, 2 and 36 × 10 −9 mol dm −3 respectively, which is consistent with the increased sensitivity of nanoelectrode systems compared to larger electrodes. The limit of detection determined for H 2 O 2 is comparable to those previously obtained by using both nanowires and modified electrodes for enhanced detection suggesting these arrays are highly suited for use in bioanalysis. This relatively simple nanoband electrode architecture is shown to be capable of fast scan cyclic voltammetric detection up to 10 V s −1 while at the same time being relatively insensitive to hydrodynamic perturbations. The paper considers the implications of these enhanced performance characteristics within bioanalytical measurement systems and their practical benefits in the development of electroanalytical devices.
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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
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Metal, semiconductor and magnetic particles act as functional units for electroanalytical applications. Metal nanoparticles provide three important functions for electroanalysis. These include the roughening of the conductive sensing interface, the catalytic properties of the nanoparticles permiting their enlargement with metals and the amplified electrochemical detection of the metal deposits and the conductivity properties of nanoparticles at nanoscale dimensions that allow the electrical contact of redox-centers in proteins with electrode surfaces. Also, metal and semiconductor nanoparticles provide versatile labels for amplified electroanalysis. Dissolution of the nanoparticle labels and the electrochemical collection of the dissolved ions on the electrode followed by the stripping-off of the deposited metals represents a general electroanalytical procedure. These unique functions of nanoparticles were employed for developing electrochemical gas sensors, electrochemical sensors based on molecular-or polymerfunctionalized nanoparticle sensing interfaces, and for the construction of different biosensors including enzymebased electrodes, immunosensors and DNA sensors. Semiconductor nanoparticles enable the photoelectrochemical detection of analytes. Several studies have revealed the photocurrent generation by enzyme-mediated processes and as a result of DNA hybridization. Magnetic particles act as functional components for the separation of biorecognition complexes and for the amplified electrochemical sensing of DNA or antigen/antibody complexes. Also, electrocatalytic and bioelectrocatalytic processes at electrode surfaces are switched by means of functionalized magnetic particles and in the presence of an external magnet.
Nanomaterials as an Analytical Tool for Genosensors. Sensors
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Nanomaterials are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and foo...
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The development of electrochemical DNA sensors and aptasensors based on nanoparticles different in nature, size, shape, and preparation protocols has been considered with particular emphasis to the mechanism of their influence on signal readout and way of implementation in the biosensor assembly. Most attention is paid to application of Au nanoparticles and carbonaceous nanomaterials though the examples of other applications and hybrid nanomaterials are given. The analytical performance of DNA sensors and aptasensors utilizing nanomaterials is classified in accordance with their targets and role of nanoparticles in sensitivity and selectivity of the response. The trends of future progress in the biochemical applications of nanomaterials are discussed.
Nanomaterials as analytical tools for genosensors
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Nanomaterials are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination.