Analysis, Design and Empirical Validation of a Smart Campus based on LoRaWAN (original) (raw)
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Challenges of LoRaWAN technology in smart city solutions
Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 2022
A number of technological application factors can be highlighted in smart city solutions, where small data and long-range transmission are of primary consideration. These include monitoring energy consumption, operating a smart waste management system, monitoring, and tracking traffic, having smart parking systems, monitoring public lighting, and even detecting various malfunctions. Such smart city systems use IoT technology for data collection. An essential aspect of urban solutions is to ensure the coverage of large areas, both outdoors and indoors, low energy consumption, as well as modularity and mobility. LPWAN technologies can meet these conditions. LPWAN technologies include LTE-M, NB-IoT, LoRaWAN, and Sigfox. Using LoRaWAN technology can be the right solution for these cases. As with any application, it is crucial to clarify the challenges of the application with LoRaWAN. The present study addresses the categorization of LoRaWAN devices and the challenges of technology in smart city solutions. LoRaWAN products used in smart city solutions can be grouped according to several aspects. This article deals with the creation of classifications that facilitate further testing. Smart city application challenge studies are applied to the specified categories. The challenges of the solutions cover several areas. These include technological aspects, aspects of specifications, and aspects of the nature of the application. Another area represents the information security aspects, which is, however, not addressed by this invention. Based on these aspects, the article describes the challenges of LoRaWAN technology in smart cities.
Analysis of the use of LoRaWan technology in a Large-Scale Smart City Demonstrator
This paper presents analysis of the use of LoRaWan in a large-scale demonstrator of the Smart City, which is conducted at the Scientific Campus of the University of Lille in the North of France. LoRa is used to create a local network to exchange data between sensors and the server, which hosts the smart city management platform. Prior to the installation of this network, a field study was conducted to explore the performances of LoRaWan in the campus. This paper presents the results of this field study. It shows that this technology is well adapted for smart campus projects.
Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN): An overview and its importance in the world of IoT
The main issues faced by the low power communication standards are its inability to communicate over a fairly long distance. This paper focuses on a fairly new connectivity protocol known as the LoRa which is gaining importance in the world of IoT for its capability to communicate over a long range while exploiting the low power advantages of the conventional LPWAN(Low Power Wide Area Network) protocol. We have discussed the LoRa standard here along with its advantages over other protocols like Zigbee, Bluetooth, Z-wave which till now are reigning the low power wireless connectivity domain.
A Survey of LoRaWAN for IoT: From Technology to Application
Sensors, 2018
LoRaWAN is one of the low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies that have received significant attention by the research community in the recent years. It offers low-power, low-data rate communication over a wide range of covered area. In the past years, the number of publications regarding LoRa and LoRaWAN has grown tremendously. This paper provides an overview of research work that has been published from 2015 to September 2018 and that is accessible via Google Scholar and IEEE Explore databases. First, a detailed description of the technology is given, including existing security and reliability mechanisms. This literature overview is structured by categorizing papers according to the following topics: (i) physical layer aspects; (ii) network layer aspects; (iii) possible improvements; and (iv) extensions to the standard. Finally, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis is presented along with the challenges that LoRa and LoRaWAN still face.
On the Performance of LoRaWAN in Smart City: End-Device Design and Communication Coverage
DCCN, 2019
Expected communication scenarios within the emerging landscape of Internet of Things (IoT) bring the growth of smart devices connected in the communication network. The communication technologies of greatest interest for IoT are known as Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs). Today, there are LPWA technologies (Sigfox, Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), and Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT)) capable to provide energy efficient communication as well as extended communication coverage. This paper provides an analysis of LPWA technologies and describes experimental evaluation of LoRaWAN technology in real conditions. The LoRaWAN technology provides over 150 dB Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL), which together with maximum transmission power (TX) 14 dBm and spreading factor 7 results in theoretical communication distance in units of kilometers. The obtained results from field-deployment in the city of Brno, Czech Republic confirm the initial expectations as it was possible to establish reliable communication between low-end LoRaWAN device and LoRaWAN gateway on the distance up to 6 km.
LoRaWAN: State of the Art, Challenges, Protocols and Research Issues
2020 IEEE 23rd International Multitopic Conference (INMIC)
Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) gaining much attention in the industry as well as in academia due to its ability to communicate over the long-range. Due to this reason, LPWAN is considered one of the favorable technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT). Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the promising technologies of the LPWAN that provide communication with low power, low cost, long-range, and low data rate. This paper covers the state of the art of LoRaWAN technology. Further, this paper discusses the design goal of Long Range (LoRa) technology. Medium Access Control (MAC) layer recent advancements are also part of the paper. Finally, the future research challenges of Physical and MAC layer implementation of LoRaWAN are also highlighted that help researchers and industrialist to implement the concept of LoRaWAN in IoT.
Applied Sciences, 2020
The application of the most recent advances of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology to the automation of buildings is emerging as a promising solution to achieve greater efficiencies in energy consumption, and to allow the realization of sustainable models. The application of IoT has been demonstrated as effective in many fields, such as confirmed, for instance, by the Industry 4.0 concepts, which are revolutionizing modern production chains. By following this approach, the use of distributed control architectures and of IoT technologies (both wired and wireless) would result in effective solutions for the management of smart environments composed of groups of buildings, such as campuses. In this case, heterogeneous IoT solutions are typically adopted to satisfy the requirements of the very diverse possible scenarios (e.g., indoor versus outdoor coverage, mobile versus fixed nodes, just to mention a few), making their large-scale integration cumbersome. To cope with this issue, t...
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF DEDICATED NETWORK FOR IOT USING LoRaWAN TECHNOLOGIES
The Internet of things (IoT) is invasive our lives by connecting encompassing human things to the internet. In this paper, we've got an inclination to addresses the long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) that pulls various attentions primarily by their ability to produce lowcost property to the low-power devices which are distributed over very huge geographical areas. LoRaWAN offers radio coverage over very huge area by approach of base stations and adapting transmission rates, transmission power, modulation, duty cycles, etc., such end-devices incur awfully low energy consumption due to their being connected.
LoRaWAN -A Low Power WAN Protocol for Internet of Things: a Review and Opportunities
2017
The Internet of Things (IoT) vision requires increasingly more sensor nodes interconnected and a network solution that may accommodate these requirements accordingly. In wireless sensor networks, there are energy-limited devices; therefore techniques to save energy have become a significant research trend. Other issues such as latency, range coverage, and bandwidth are important aspects in IoT. It is considering the massive number of expected nodes connected to the Internet. The LoRaWAN (Low Power WAN Protocol for Internet of Things), a data-link layer with long range, low power, and low bit rate, appeared as a promising solution for IoT in which, end-devices use LoRa to communicate with gateways through a single hop. While proprietary LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technologies are already hitting a large market, this paper addresses the LoRa architecture and the LoRaWAN protocol that is expected to solve the connectivity problem of tens of billions of devices in the next decade. Use cases are considered to illustrate its application alongside with a discussion about open issues and research opportunities.
Review of LoRaWAN Applications
ArXiv, 2020
This paper presents a systematic review of LoRaWAN applications. We analyzed 71 cases of application, with a focus on deploy and challenges faced. The review summarizes the characteristics of the network protocol and shows applications in the context of smart cities, smart grids, smart farms, health, location, industry, and military. Finally, this article analyzes some security issues.