Periodizing Neoliberal Development Policy: From Destructive "Roll B ack" and Constructive "Roll Out" to Inclusive Neoliberalism Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Canadian Political Science Associati on as part of the workshop on "Neoliberalism: Where are We in Time (original) (raw)

Neoliberal Development and Its Critics

This chapter examines the emergence of neoliberalism in development economics and development studies, and the implications of the neoliberal transition across both scholarship and policy-making. It argues that the meaning and significance of neoliberal theory and its policy implications have shifted over time, place and issue, and that there can be inconsistencies across its component parts. These are, often, due to tensions between the rhetorical and policy worlds built by the advocates of neoliberalism and the realities of social and economic reproduction in the so-called "developing" countries. Examination of these tensions can help to illuminate the weaknesses of the Washington consensus, the reasons for its displacement by the post-Washington consensus led by Joseph Stiglitz, and the ensuing disputes between the post-Washington consensus and its predecessor around the shortcomings of "deregulation", and the desirability and optimal extent of state intervention in the economy. The chapter concludes that the differences between the Washington consensus and the post-Washington consensus have been overblown and, in particular, that they share much the same conception of development and attachment to neoliberalism, and the same limited commitment to democracy. However, because of its greater plasticity the post-Washington consensus is better positioned to weather the criticisms levelled against the Washington consensus, especially after the impact of the economic crisis starting in 2007.

Neoliberalism as we know it, but not in conditions of its own choosing: a commentary

Environment and Planning A, 2005

Drawing on recent research and critical analysis, this rich collection of papers addresses the uneven geographies of neoliberalism and their contestation in six diverse countries, that range from the large industrial powerhouses of Mexico and Brazil through to the predominantly rural and informal economies of Bolivia and Nicaragua, and the resource-exporting countries of Peru and Ecuador. As the editors state in their introduction, the papers``interrogate the particular geographies of neoliberalism in Latin America, throwing into sharp relief the production of neoliberal landscapes and livelihoods in a diversity of ... contexts'' (Perreault and Martin, page 194). In their diverse ways, the authors grapple with the recent debates in geographyö found among economic, political, feminist, and other geographers öto go beyond the reduction of neoliberalism to a``monolithic exogenous force that transforms places from the outside'' (Martin, page 205). Too frequently in the past, analysts have presented a view from nowhere of neoliberalism or globalization as if it were always materialized and operationalized identically across the world. As Nagar et al (2002) and others have argued, neoliberalism operates only through multiple scales, actors, and institutions, many of which are invisible in standard accounts. Recent debates have called for detailed empirical work on the informal sector, households, rural areas, and the diverseöoften marginalizedöactors within those spaces, in order to understand the processes by which neoliberalism works its way acrossöand simultaneously constructsöscales. The papers in this issue start from the premise that it is necessary to go beyond the boardrooms of big business and the policy headquarters of the international financial institutions to understand neoliberalism in practice. In addition to documenting national government policy and political economic trends, the papers focus on less visible arenas such as rural and nonmetropolitan urban areas, on households, and indigenous populated areas. Latin American countries' application of neoliberal macroeconomic policies and the reorientation of nationalism and social policies around them have a number of intended and unintended consequences for the geographies of development in the region. As the papers document in relation to their specific case studies, neoliberalism simultaneously globalizes and localizes, a process that generates a rescaling of economic, political, and social institutions, responsibilities, and costs (Perreault and Martin). The papers document in detail the processes and actors involved in this rescaling and reorganization of geographies in different countries (usually by focusing on subnational regions). While Latin America has long been characterized by its uneven patterns of wealth and poverty, resource exploitation, fixing of ethnic identities, and industrial^urban development, the papers show how the mid-20th-century geographies of impact substituting industrialization (ISI), corporatist politics and resource use have been radically transformed by the imposition of neoliberal policies over the past ten to fifteen years. One aspect of this historical^geographical transformation

NEOLIBERALISM AND NEOLIBERAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM

Abstract Neoliberal economic development policies were adopted largely in response to the failure the ‘modernisation’ model which emphasized the promotion of rural development through the introduction of ‘modern’ technologies and ‘modern’ public institutions like the co-operatives, marketing boards and parastatals. In the wake of the disappointing results of the ‘modernisation’ model, neoliberalism which advocated the transfer of part of the control of the economy from public to the private sector was adopted and over the years has undergone a number of transitions namely privitisation and deregulation through to a number of social intervention programmes. The practical outcomes of these interventions have not been very positive This paper proposes a critical analysis of the impact of the neoliberal intervention programmes in order to help academics and policy makers reshape them so that they effectively address the developmental needs.

Polarizing Development: Alternatives to Neoliberalism and the Crisis

The global economic crisis has exposed the limits of neoliberalism and dramatically deepened social polarization. Yet, despite increasing social resistance and opposition, neoliberalism prevails globally. Radical alternatives, moreover, are only rarely debated. And if they are, such alternatives are reduced to new Keynesian and new developmental agendas, which fail to address existing class divisions and imperialist relations of domination. This collection of essays polarizes the debate between radical and reformist alternatives by exploring head-on the antagonistic structure of capitalist development. The contributors ground their proposals in an international, non-Eurocentric and Marxian inspired analysis of capitalism and its crises. From Latin America to Asia, Africa to the Middle East and Europe to the US, social and labour movements have emerged as the protagonists behind creating alternatives. This book’s new generation of scholars has written accessible yet theoretically informed and empirically rich chapters elaborating radical worldwide strategies for moving beyond neoliberalism, and beyond capitalism. The intent is to provoke critical reflection and positive action towards substantive change. Contents Foreword vii Polarising Development – Introducing Alternatives to Neoliberalism and the Crisis 1 Thomas Marois and Lucia Pradella Part I: Alternative Themes 2 Beyond Impoverishment: Western Europe in the World Economy 15 Lucia Pradella 3 Banking on Alternatives to Neoliberal Development 27 Thomas Marois 4 The Political Economy of Development: Statism or Marxism? 39 Benjamin Selwyn 5 The Globalisation of Production and the Struggle for Workers’ Unity: Lessons from Bangladesh 51 John Smith 6 The ‘Rise of the South’ 62 Alfredo Saad-Filho 7 Hegemony in Question: US Primacy, Multi-Polarity and Global Resistance 74 Jerome Klassen 8 Neoliberalism, Crisis and International Migration 86 Pietro Basso 9 Neoliberalism, Social Reproduction and Women’s Resistance: Lessons from Cambodia and Venezuela 98 Sarah Miraglia and Susan Spronk 10 Exploding in the Air: Beyond the Carbon Trail Of Neoliberal Globalisation 108 Andreas Malm 11 Defend, Militate and Alternate: Public Options in a Privatized World 119 David A. McDonald 12 Utopian Socialism and Marx’s Capital: Envisioning Alternatives 131 Hugo Radice Part II: Alternative Cases 143 13 Beyond Neoliberalism and New Developmentalism in Latin America: Towards an Anti-Capitalist Agenda 145 Abelardo Mariña-Flores 14 Crisis and Class, Advance and Retreat: The Political Economy of the New Latin American Left 157 Jeffery R. Webber 15 Taking Control: Decommodification and Peasant Alternatives to Neoliberalism in Mexico and Brazil 169 Leandro Vergara-Camus 16 The Rise of East Asia: A Slippery Floor for the Left 180 Dae-oup Chang 17 Labour as an Agent of Change: The case of China 192 Tim Pringle 18 Alternatives to Neoliberalism in India 203 Rohini Hensman 19 Musical Chairs on the Sidelines: The Challenges of Social Transformation in Neocolonial Africa 214 Baba Aye 20 Challenging Neoliberalism in the Arab World 226 Adam Hanieh 21 Socialist Feminist Alternatives to Neoliberalism in Turkey 237 Demet Özmen Yılmaz 22 Uneven Development and Political Resistance against EU Austerity Politics 248 Angela Wigger and Laura Horn 23 Crisis, Austerity and Resistance in the United States 260 David McNally List of contributors 271 Index 275

The Political Economy of Global Development: The Age of Neoliberalism

Chile, 11 September, 1973: The CIA-backed forces of the Chilean Army, lead by Augusto Pinochet, launch a violent coup d'etat and overthrows the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende 3,200 people executed or disappeared, 80,000 imprisoned -the inauguration of two decades of military dictatorship US-trained "Chicago Boys", with the direct support of Milton Friedman, implements the policy designs outlined in "The Brick" -a 500page plan for economic restructuring of the Chilean economy designed in dialogue with armed forces prior to the coup Inflation, unemployment and debt spiralledwhen the economy stabilized in 1988 45% of the population had fallen below the poverty line, whilst the incomes of the richest 10% had increased by 83%

‘Politics of Neoliberal Development: Washington Consensus and post-Washington Consensus

Polarizing Development: Alternatives to Neoliberalism and the Crisis_Book

Despite being forcefully challenged, neoliberalism has proven remarkably resilient. In the first years since the crisis erupted, the bulk of the alternative literature pointed to continued growth in the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and in other big emerging market countries to affirm the necessary role for the state in sustaining capitalist development. New devel- opmental economists have consequently reasserted themselves. Their proposals converged into a broader demand for global Keynesianism (Patomäki, 2012) – a demand that is proving to be less and less realistic in the face of a deepening global economic crisis. Advocates of ‘reform and reproduce’ – be they new developmental or neo-Keynesian – share deep commitments to capitalism and the subordination of workers to the needs of accumulation. In contrast, this book represents a collaborative attempt by a group of Marxian-inspired scholars to explore real and potential alternatives to the exploitative reality of neoliberal capitalism.

Periodizing Neoliberal Development Policy: From Destructive "Roll B ack" and Constructive "Roll Out" to Inclusive Neoliberalism Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Canadian Political Science Associati on as part of the workshop on "Neoliberalism: Where are We in Time (original) (raw)

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