Agent-Based Simulation and Analysis of Human Behaviortowards Evacuation Time Reduction (original) (raw)
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Using agent-based simulation of human behavior to reduce evacuation time
Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent …, 2008
Human factors play a significant part in the time taken to evacuate due to an emergency. An agent-based simulation, using the Prometheus methodology (SEEP 1.5), has been developed to study the complex behavior of human (the 'agents') in high-rise building evacuations. In the case of hostel evacuations, simulation results show that pre-evacuation phase takes 60.4% of Total Evacuation Time (TET). The movement phase (including queuing time) only takes 39.6% of TET. From sensitivity analysis, it can be shown that a reduction in TET by 41.2% can be achieved by improving the recognition phase. Emergency exit signs have been used as smart agents. Modified Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) was used to determine the feasibility of the evacuation routes. Both wayfinding methods, the 'familiarity of environment', which is the most natural method, and the ACO method have been simulated and comparisons were made. In scenario 1, where there were no obstacles, both methods achieved the same TET. However, in scenario 2, where an obstacle was present, the TET for the ACO wayfinding method was 21.6% shorter than the one for the 'familiarity' wayfinding method.
Impact of evacuation design parameter on users' evacuation time using a multi-agent simulation
Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2020
Emergency management is a fundamental issue in building management. Therefore, this study was established to simulate the required times and movement conditions for user evacuation from Campus Infrastructure Building in a 3D environment. Eight simulations are carried out by a multi-agent evacuation simulator, Pathfinder, considering 100% and 70% users capacity with a combination of random, divide, zone 1 and zone 2 access selection. The users evacuated were handled by the A* algorithm in the steering mode of 3D evacuation simulation. The evacuation flow was investigated with the user density heat map and Fruin's Level of Service (LOS). This study found the best path planning obtained from the divide access factor and the impact of the user's capacity is relying on total evacuation time. The critical space is caused by the access width fewer than 1.5 meters for every floor, and by widening some spaces helped to improve the evacuation flow.
Agent-Based Modeling of Emergency Evacuations Considering Human Panic Behavior
IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, 2018
During mass evacuations, many psychological and physical factors are responsible for stampedes and other life threatening situations. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of these factors are of high importance while devising optimal strategies for evacuations. In this work we present an agent-based model that considers psychological and physical factors that cause panic in such situations. We have also simulated some simple evacuation scenarios and presented a method to identify possible bottlenecks and shortcomings in the environments during emergency evacuations. Our method also helps in evaluation and analysis of different evacuation strategies. To enable this analysis we have used a rule-based roadmap approach, where critical nodes in the environment are identified by the evacuation planner and each node has a special rule according to the strategy of the planner. We evaluate different strategies on parameters such as evacuation time and physical discomfort caused to the agents.
Agent-Based Evacuation Behavior Simulations and Evacuation Guidance
Journal of Information Processing, 2014
Building evacuation analysis has recently received increasing attention, as people are keen to assess the safety of occupants. Reports on past disasters indicate that human behavior characterizes evacuation during emergencies. The understanding and modeling of human behavior enable improved design of evacuation plans to better reflect the needs of occupants-for example, to reduce evacuation time, a composite of pre-movement time and travel time. In this paper, we demonstrate that information at the time of emergencies affects human behavior and that this behavior affects pre-movement time and the time it takes to move people to safe places. Information is shared with people via announcements and through interpersonal communication. We have modeled and simulated information transfer in an agent-based evacuation system, using BDI models that represent the diversity of human psychological states and using ACL-based communications that dynamically change people's beliefs. The model enables an evacuation simulation to consider the effect of information on human behavior and calculate evacuation time, including pre-movement time. The simulation results demonstrate that methods of guidance improve evacuation time, and they reveal phenomena in agent behaviors that have not been simulated by other methods.
Agent-Based Simulation Disaster Evacuation Awareness on Night Situation in Aceh
IPTEK The Journal of Engineering
In 2004 at least 230,000 people were victims of the Aceh tsunami disaster. To prevent the recurrence of many victims, the Aceh government held an evacuation exercise in 2008. To improve effectiveness dan reduce the cost reduction during evacuations drills, simulation is the best option. Agent-Based Modeling is a simulation program that was employed for tsunami evacuation in Aceh. This study on tsunami evacuation using agent-based modelling presented and evaluated the different control parameters that affect the evacuation rate. Evacuation scenario during day or night has different environmental, agent base, road modelling, and population approach. The Road Network Model has explained that to analyze the effect of agents in the evacuation process, resident agents are presumed to know the direction and shortest path to the nearest evacuation points. This simulation designed in Netlogo is also able to assess the congestion possibility on the road network. The road network emphasized the different scenarios to discover the possibility of congestion points. Nighttime is proven to be the best scenario for performing the evacuation in the simulation. The key reason to select the night scenario is to maximize the effects of an evaluation of the road network. In addition, simulation using night scenarios is also expected to raise people's awareness.
Agent-Based Simulation of Crowd Evacuation Behavior
2009
In this paper an approach using agents for handling the emergency route simulation is presented. It takes into account the problem of uncharacteristic actions of an unsettled group of people in case of heavy stress given by a local disaster. The algorithm is an extension of the Boids simulation method with additional rules to better accommodate the human crowd evacuation behavior.
Clearance Time Reduction in Pre-Evacuation Planning
Pre-evacuation phases present a significant contribution in constructing total evacuation time. Unfortunately, most of existing computer simulations in evacuation focuses on movement phase and less attention is given to pre-evacuation phase. An agent based simulation, SEEP 1.5, has been developed to present some complex behaviour of human (agent) in high-rise building evacuation. Prometheus, an agent–based methodology, is applied in order to present human as an agent in computer simulation. The human cognitive behaviour model which has embedded on agent occupant performs people responses and actions in evacuation simulation. In the case of a 4 level building simulation with 180 occupants, it showed that 60.4% of total evacuation time has been formed during pre-evacuation phase. Some proposed ideas to minimize wasting activities during pre-evacuation phase and some opportunities to improve pre-evacuation planning are provided. This paper offers an opportunity to reduce the total by 41.2%, this by minimizing the recognition phase.
Dijkstra-Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Shortest and Safest Evacuation in High Rise Building
Jurnal Teknologi, 2017
The successfulness of evacuation is defined by the ability of the evacuees to escape from the danger place safely in a short time. The three problems highlighted in this study are evacuees do not know the right route should they take to safe themselves especially in high rise building due to the complexity of the building. Moreover, the provided evacuation map in the building is commonly not showing the shortest and safest path to assist evacuees in choosing the best route. Furthermore, the shortest path algorithm needs additional features to support the directed graph in order to obtain the best result. The objectives of this study are to design and develop the evacuation route via the shortest path algorithm and to evaluate the evacuation route model in high rise building evacuation maps. The methods used are modelling the evacuation route from the original floor plan into 2D floor plan, and then generating the directed graph based on the distance between nodes and coordinate of n...
An Agent-Based Simulation Model for Emergency Egress
Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Special Sessions, 15th International Conference, 2019
Unfortunately, news regarding tragedies involving crowd evacuations are becoming more and more common. Understanding disasters and crowd emergency evacuation behaviour is essential to define effective evacuation protocols. This paper proposes an agent-based model of egress behaviour consisting of three complementary models: (i) model of people moving in a building in normal circumstances, (ii) policies of egress evacuation, and (iii) social models for integrating models (e.g. affiliation) that explain the social behaviour and help in mass evacuations. The proposed egress model has been evaluated in a university building and the results show how these models can help to better understand egress behaviour and apply this knowledge for improving the design and execution evacuation plans.
IPTEK The Journal of Engineering, 2021
Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) was implemented to build and develop an evacuation simulation model. In this research, ABMS is simulated in several evacuation scenarios with an output: the evacuation rate of two different decision choice evacuation modes (walking or driving to the evacuation points). The result of this tsunami evacuation simulation shows that different control parameters such as evacuation mode, percentage of car and pedestrian, walking speed and driving speed confirmed their significance on the evacuation planning in Aceh. There is a typical choice that leads to the higher evacuation rate, the choice is by maximizing the pedestrian agents on the population. Walking speed has significant importance and impact on the evacuation rate. Moderate walking speed (4 ft/s) is recommended as reference for walking speed in disaster situations. Driving speed also has a significant impact on the evacuation rate if we keep the limits at 20 mph. Since the maximum driving speed higher than 20 mph has no impact on the evacuation rate.