Practical applications of Ethernet in substations and industrial facilities (original) (raw)
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Application of Ethernet Fieldbus to Substation RTU and Automation Networks
2015
Unlike remote terminal unit (RTU) installations in the past, which were largely used to report I/O values and transmit supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) controls, present day substation automation networks additionally coordinate high-speed load management, intelligent electronic device (IED) integration, and user security. Substation operators are faced with many technology choices in an effort to balance ease of integration and system performance. This paper discusses the application of an Ethernet-based fieldbus technology, initially developed for industrial control systems, to substation automation networks. EtherCAT is an open fieldbus standard that combines the flexibility of Ethernet connectivity with real-time deterministic performance and a highly efficient messaging structure. In the substation environment, EtherCAT can be used in a variety of network topologies to improve the performance and reliability of the power system. This paper provides a brief tutor...
Gigabit Ethernet based substation under IEC61850 standard
2009
Communication architecture for substation automation is one of the challenging and subtle tasks to address in order to visualize the substation into digital world under the umbrella of IEC61850. Communication paradigm for substation automation demands critical importance because of two reasons; as communication arena is changing day by day so it is convenient to opt for something that is simple to deploy and incur a less cost in terms of time and asset when migration is to be considered since data-intensive applications drive the incremental demand for bandwidth as per growing need with the expansion of concerned network and last but not least the interoperability as it is one of the core constrained put by IEC61850 for substation automation. So it is viable to consider Ethernet as the most promising solution for the communication architecture of substation automation as Ethernet technology has changed the trend of communication network because of its availability, efficiency, and cost effectiveness on the other hand interoperability is assured based on the proven and highly deployed industrial Ethernet. This paper presents analysis and the crucial need for the deployment of Gigabit Ethernet in the substation and also presents how Ethernet technology can help in the substation automation as a long run solution in the changing arena of communication as Ethernet is one of the most pervasive communication technologies. In the end we have performed simulations in NS-2 to prove that our suggested communication paradigm is optimal in various regards by keeping into consideration the constraints imposed by IEC61850.
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Ethernet networks are increasingly used for protection and high-speed automation as part of the trend to combine all substation communications onto a single shared network. A primary question now is how do we ensure the dependability and security of these applications when using Ethernet for signaling? There are several mechanisms available to deal with different communications network failure scenarios. This paper compares and contrasts the following methods and their abilities to satisfy performance requirements expected for protection and high-speed automation: • Classic dual-primary architectures. • Spanning tree algorithms (Spanning Tree Protocol/Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol). • Parallel Redundancy Protocol. • High-Availability Seamless Redundancy. • Software-defined networking. Specifically, this paper addresses how each failure-handling method works and selection criteria for determining the failure-handling method to apply given the particular objectives of the protection or...
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Fast and deterministic Ethernet packet delivery is required to transfer digital signals used within communicationsassisted automation and protection logic. Reliable transfer of digital signals from source to destination intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) permits logic to react faster, be more selective and discrete, and perform self-tests. The status and command signals must be received at the remote IED in the shortest possible time, and interference on the communications channel must never cause unwanted operation of the logic. Ethernet networks are increasingly used to transfer protection and high-speed automation messages, as well as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), engineering access, and metering messages as part of the trend to combine all substation communications onto a single shared network. An increasingly difficult and critical design engineering challenge is choosing Ethernet methods that ensure the dependability and security of these applications. T...
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Ethernet ring redundancy is becoming a commodity in Industrial Ethernet environments. There are many ring redundancy protocols in existence, both standardized and proprietary. They all share the common disadvantage, that they can sustain only one fault in the network structure. A second fault results in parts of the network being unavailable. In this paper, we propose a mechanism which enhances well-known ring redundancy protocols with the capability of tolerating more than a single fault. This is achieved by installing secondary network paths and adding health monitoring to the ring clients. Protocol operation has been tested through simulation and prototypical implementation and is intended to be part of a future major software release of Hirschmann switches. A main advantage of this new protocol is the straightforward network design approach that enables to specifically protect vulnerable ring segments, based on availability calculations.
Ethernet – A Survey on its Fields of Application
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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author -deposited version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID: 2236
2010
While special protection systems (SPSs) often shed load, recent sophisticated remedial action schemes (RASs) reduce or terminate generation output during an emergency condition. Under certain load conditions, generation newly added to previously balanced transmission grids creates system conditions that violate accepted reliability criteria. At Southern California Edison (SCE), RAS systems are implemented to ensure reliable power system performance following outages on a transmission grid network. They include fast, automatic control actions to mitigate thermal overloads and system instability upon the loss of one or more transmission lines. With these automatic protection features, RAS systems are used in place of expensive alternative measures, which include reconductoring transmission lines, building new lines, and/or adding new transformers. Testing at SCE demonstrates the successful use of IEC 61850 GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event) messages over a distance up to 720 kilometers to collect analysis and arming data and transfer status and control indications. Complete detection, alarming, calculation, and remediation are completed in well under the 50-millisecond benchmark. Using standardized IEC 61850 GOOSE methods avoids the customization required to implement individual local RAS communications systems, allows centralized coordination of arming, disarming, and system testing, and simplifies the coordination of system maintenance. Reliability improves with capabilities to monitor end-to-end grid parameters and quickly respond to abnormal conditions. These methods of mitigation are intended to be used throughout the SCE area of operation as well as at all interties to neighboring utilities to facilitate dynamic load shedding/generation tripping and improved load management. SPSs and RASs must be put in place to protect existing systems that are called upon to serve new generation and load, are intertied with weak systems, or have geographical characteristics that reduce stability. Once protected, the automatic load and generation control ensures stability while improving production and reliability. Once these are in place, wide-area monitoring and control are safely added to replace state estimation with real-time state measurement and management.
Laboratory Testing of the Communication Based Protection Relays
2015
The proper operation of control and protection applications in Substation Automation System (SAS) demands very high-speed and reliable communications that has being achieved by using IEC 61850. Moreover, the practical implementation and testing of protection scheme requires a communication system that can be conventional or high-speed peer-to-peer communication. This paper presents the evaluation of the performance advantage of GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) message over its conventional hard-wired counterpart for the same relays protection.