Novel MIME Type and Extension Based Packet Classification Algorithm in WiMAX (original) (raw)
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A Dynamic Multimedia User-Weight Classification Scheme for IEEE_802. 11 WLANS
In this paper we expose a dynamic traffic-classification scheme to support multimedia applications such as voice and broadband video transmissions over IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Obviously, over a Wi-Fi link and to better serve these applications-which normally have strict bounded transmission delay or minimum link rate requirementa service differentiation technique can be applied to the media traffic transmitted by the same mobile node using the well-known 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) protocol. However, the given EDCA mode does not offer user differentiation, which can be viewed as a deficiency in multi-access wireless networks. Accordingly, we propose a new inter-node priority access scheme for IEEE 802.11e networks which is compatible with the EDCA scheme. The proposed scheme joins a dynamic user-weight to each mobile station depending on its outgoing data, and therefore deploys inter-node priority for the channel access to complement the existing EDCA inter-frame priority. This provides efficient quality of service control across multiple users within the same coverage area of an access point. We provide performance evaluations to compare the proposed access model with the basic EDCA 802.11 MAC protocol mode to elucidate the quality improvement achieved for multimedia communication over 802.11 WLANs.
The robust transmission of video sequences over wireless LANs presents several challenging problems concerning the presence of packet losses, delays, and bandwidth limitations. Their effect on the visual quality of the sequence reconstructed by the end user can be mitigated by adopting a wireless architecture that is able to support different levels of Quality-of-Service (QoS), like the IEEE 802.11e standard, and by compressing the video sequence to be transmitted using a robust source coder, like a Multiple Description Coding (MDC) scheme. This paper presents a MDC-based video streaming architecture that tries to adaptively optimize the performance of both solutions by assigning the RTP video packets produced by the MDC encoder to the different QoS classes of IEEE 802.11e. Simulation results show that the performance is significantly improved with respect to a nonadaptive solution.
FAST: A channel access protocol for wireless video (and non-video) traffic
2012 20th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP), 2012
This paper presents the design of a new paradigm for a content-aware wireless MAC layer that is optimized for wireless video (first and foremost) while targeting fairness and stability among competing video traffic, and among video and non-video traffic. Hence, we refer to the proposed MAC frame work as the FAST (Fair And STable) protocol. FAST employs two parameters for each packet, a quality value and a time-to live value. Based on these parameters, FAST is designed on a muIticlass priority queuing system that classifies the incoming traffic according to the content of each traffic flow and further identifies different priorities within each video content. We develop analytical frameworks to formulate channel allocation based on video/non-video fairness and video stability require ments as a joint bandwidth maximization and scheduling opti mization problem. We incorporate these frameworks to design and simulate a content-aware channel access mechanism, which utilizes video traffic content classifications and users demand in conjunction with stability and fairness requirements at the MAC layer to allocate wireless channels to individual wireless users. Our simulation results show that FAST provides significant improvements in packet-loss-ratio, delay, overall fairness, and stability parameters when compared with leading access control mechanisms over 4GILTE environment. • We develop an analytical model for the average waiting time of each priority video and non-video flow at the FAST MAC layer using multiclass priority queuing sys tem.
A novel mapping mechanism for MPEG-4 video delivery over IEEE 802.11e networks
Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2015
IEEE 802.11e has been introduced to support quality of service (QoS) in WLANs by allocating different traffics to four access categories. Cross-layer design is a method to improve the transmission quality of multimedia over wireless networks. However, when the fragmented packets of a single frame are allocated to different AC queues, out-of-order delivery may occur. Then the receiving node requires more buffer space to absorb the outof-order packets. Therefore, even with a significance classification mechanism, the quality of the video transmission may still be limited due to the occurrence of out-of-order delivery and the transmission of information that becomes useless to the receiver. Therefore, this work developed a novel mapping mechanism (NMM) to improving the quality of MPEG-4 video delivery over IEEE 802.11e networks. The NMM considers the action that was taken on packet of the video frame that had been previously transmitted to resolve the out-of-order delivery by allocating them to the same AC queue as the previously process if possible. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism NMM takes more aggressive scheme to protect more important frame packets from being dropped. In order to evaluate the quality of MPEG-4 video delivery over IEEE 802.11e networks by the proposed mechanism, this work adopted two evaluation metrics, which is called Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the ratio of frames loss. The simulation results demonstrate that, in terms of both PSNR and the ratio of frames loss, the proposed scheme outperforms exiting schemes such as EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) and adaptive mapping.
Prioritized support of different traffic classes in IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs
Computer Communications, 2006
IEEE 802.11e is an amendment to the popular 802.11 standard that defines quality of service mechanisms to support sensitive applications, such as voice and video. An important component of these mechanisms is the traffic scheduler, an entity that decides on the channel allocation among different stations. This paper proposes a scheduling algorithm for IEEE 802.11e, referred to as P-ARROW (Prioritized and Adaptive Resource Reservation over Wireless), that effectively handles multimedia traffic by utilizing the formal specification of each traffic stream. Using a single ''priority factor'' parameter, the scheduling can vary between strict prioritization and purely deadline-driven allocation. Performance evaluation results extracted from an advanced simulation model, show that P-ARROW is very efficient in supporting the desired level of service differentiation and prioritization among different traffic classes.
IEEE Systems Journal, 2011
In this paper, we study MPEG-4 transmissions over the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs). First, we provide a simulation of MPEG-4 using OPNET over the WLANs in terms of throughput, impacts of multiple MPEG-4 streams, and compression rate on throughput. Our simulation results show that a higher throughput does not always yield a better quality MPEG-4 video. We further observe that if an I frame of MPEG-4 video is lost, the next N−1 frames (all P and B frames) are useless [where N is the total number of frames contained within one group of picture (GoP)]. Furthermore, we observe that the I, P, and B frames are in decreasing order of importance. Therefore, we propose a cross-layer approach to improve MPEG-4 transmissions over WLANs. In the proposed approach: 1) P and B frames will be discarded by the MPEG-4 decoder at the receiver's medium access control (MAC) layer if the corresponding I fame is lost; 2) the individual MPEG-4 frames are prioritized at the MAC layer so that I frames have a higher priority than P frames, which have a higher priority than the B frames; 3) each frame (I, B, P) has a time deadline field so that if the deadline cannot be reached, the frame and other related P and B frames in the same GoP are deleted without further transmissions/re-transmissions; and 4) if the delay between an I frame and the next P frame is too long, then it may be better to drop the least important B frames in an attempt to allow the video to catch up. Finally, we study MPEG-4 transmissions over the IEEE 802.11e WLANs, and we adopt a measurement admission control scheme for IEEE 802.11e. Our results show the advantages of the proposed scheme.
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) supporting modern streaming multimedia applications constitute a very challenging and rapidly changing field of research. Towards implementing effective multimedia wireless networks, the IEEE has published the "state of the art" IEEE 802.11e standard, which introduced a QoS-aware MAC-layer along with a series of efficiency enhancements. However, it has been proven inadequate in handling multimedia traffic optimally in periods of congestion. For the efficient support of multimedia applications in high load situations, numerous mechanisms have emerged, most of them focusing on altering the static nature of resource allocation specified in IEEE 802.11e. Nevertheless, traffic characteristics must be taken into consideration in order to achieve the highest gains. In this paper, an application-aware MAC-layer mechanism is developed that exploits multimedia frame semantics and existing MAC-layer enhancements to adequately cope with high congestion situations in IEEE 802.11e infrastructure networks. The proposed algorithm makes use of existing acknowledgment policies and adaptive resource allocation techniques depending on multimedia frame significance. The effectiveness of the algorithm is proven by means of simulations, where its functionality is evaluated and compared with other existing schemes.
MPEG-4 video streaming quality evaluation in IEEE 802.11e WLANs
IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, 2005
In this paper, MPEG-4 video streaming performance over IEEE 802.11e is evaluated using Network Simulator-2 (NS-2). The performance of the MPEG-4 video streaming will be analyzed by comparing the different quality of service (QoS) performance such as average throughput, average delay, average jitter and packet drop rate in IEEE 802.11e. Rate factor of 1 and 3 are used to compare the simulation results. This project is simulated using 2 wired nodes, 1 access point and different number of mobile nodes connected in hierarchy. The mobile nodes will send MPEG-4 video to the access point and then the access point will transmit the MPEG-4 to the first wired nodes which serve as router. The router is then transmitted the MPEG-4 video to wired node. The result shows that the video streaming quality is better when rate factor of 3 is used. The video streaming quality degraded with the present of background traffic and increasing number of nodes.
Video Traffic Prioritization in WLANs Using Single Queue Priority Scheduler
2015 17th UKSim-AMSS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation (UKSim), 2015
Mobile video transmission poses many challenges in standard wireless networks like Wireless Local Area Network. Some challenges including handover, delay, packet loss, jitter, fading and signal loss may be attributed to network congestion. Several studies have suggested increasing network resources as a way to cater for huge demands and reduce congestion in the network, while others suggest optimizing the available resources. In line with the optimization approach, a solution to improving video transmission in IEEE 802.11 networks is discussed that uses the Single-Queue Priority Scheduler (SQPS) to rearrange video frames according to their importance. In the presented simulation performed using the OPNET 14.5 modeler, an MPEG video (trace file) was rearranged by assigning weights to the video frames I, B and P, which, were then prioritized and arranged in a single queue for transmission. A parameter (Sn) was deduced from three metrics- deadline, priority and cost and used to activel...