Side impact motor vehicular crashes: Patterns of injury (original) (raw)
Automating and Simplifying Multiparty Workflows
2018
Any broadcast organization that remains static runs the risk of being overtaken by newer, more agile alternatives. To remain competitive, broadcasters must constantly work to increase process velocity, accuracy, and flexibility. These goals cannot be reached without reducing time to market, manual touch-points, and associated labor costs. A major hurdle on this road to efficiency is the absence of a universal method to identify content, resulting in unnecessary manual workflows and timeand resource-consuming communications with third parties for the production, processing, and exchange of content. Root causes for these impracticalities include problems with work identification during acquisition, reconciliation, and de-duplication of assets obtained from multiple sources; placing high demands on limited resources; and causing delays or reducing content capacity. A necessary element to solve this problem is the use of globally unique and persistent works identification. As such, it w...
Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier and other author identifiers: Perspective from Pakistan
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019
The Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) is a globally trending initiative for author name disambiguation and serves as a 'digital curriculum vitae' for displaying an individual's research output. Although there are several other tools similar to ORCID, the collaborative efforts by ORCID make it the most attractive option. Most of the organizations and publishers are increasingly adopting ORCID in their systems, and authors from West and other parts of the world have attempted to create awareness about ORCID initiative. However, researchers from Pakistan and other developing countries should be introduced to this concept and be encouraged to adopt to such initiatives. Therefore, this paper aims to present a brief introduction to author identifiers, with special focus on the ORCID.
International Journal of …, 2007
Managing product information for product items during their whole lifetime is challenging, especially during their usage and end-of-life phases. The main difficulty is to maintain a communication link between the product item and its associated information as the product item moves over organizational borders and between different users. As network access will typically not be continuous during the whole product-item lifecycle, it is necessary to embed at least a globally unique product identifier (GUPI) that makes it possible to identify the product item anytime during its lifecycle. A GUPI also has to provide a linking mechanism to product information that may be stored in backend systems of different organizations. GUPIs are thereby a cornerstone for enabling the Internet of Things, where 'intelligent products' can communicate over the Internet. In this paper, we analyze and compare the three main currently known approaches for achieving such functionality, i.e. the EPC Network, DIALOG and WWAI.
The Role of Persistent Identifiers in E-Science
2019
The transformations in science produced by the development of ICTs are conceptualized in the model of e-Science. Information on the researchers' activities in digital form is collected in several systems outside the affiliated institutions. Manuscript submission systems, grant funding applications, data centers, citation indexes, other institutional or disciplinary repositories and personal web pages are all important sources of information. Persistent identifiers allow to discover and collect this information and provide the ability to compare, analyze and combine data with greater efficiency and accuracy. The article provides an overview of the most popular persistent identifiers used in e-Science and describes their role.
IDHOCNET: A Novel ID Centric Architecture for Ad Hoc Networks
Journal of Computer Networks and Communications, 2016
Ad hoc networks lack support of infrastructure and operate in a shared bandwidth wireless environment. Presently, such networks have been realized by various adaptations in Internet Protocol (IP) architecture which was developed for infrastructure oriented hierarchical networks. The IP architecture has its known problem and issues even in infrastructure settings, like IP address overloading, mobility, multihoming, and so forth. Therefore, when such architecture is implemented in ad hoc scenario the problems get multiplied. Due to this fact, ad hoc networks suffer from additional problems like IP address autoconfiguration, service provisioning, efficient bandwidth utilization, and node identification. In this paper we present IDHOCNET which is a novel implementation of service provisioning and application development framework in the ad hoc context. We illustrate a number of implemented features of the architecture which include IP address autoconfiguration, identification of nodes b...
Userscripts for the Life Sciences
BMC Bioinformatics, 2007
Background: The web has seen an explosion of chemistry and biology related resources in the last 15 years: thousands of scientific journals, databases, wikis, blogs and resources are available with a wide variety of types of information. There is a huge need to aggregate and organise this information. However, the sheer number of resources makes it unrealistic to link them all in a centralised manner. Instead, search engines to find information in those resources flourish, and formal languages like Resource Description Framework and Web Ontology Language are increasingly used to allow linking of resources. A recent development is the use of userscripts to change the appearance of web pages, by on-the-fly modification of the web content. This opens possibilities to aggregate information and computational results from different web resources into the web page of one of those resources. Results: Several userscripts are presented that enrich biology and chemistry related web resources by incorporating or linking to other computational or data sources on the web. The scripts make use of Greasemonkey-like plugins for web browsers and are written in JavaScript. Information from third-party resources are extracted using open Application Programming Interfaces, while common Universal Resource Locator schemes are used to make deep links to related information in that external resource. The userscripts presented here use a variety of techniques and resources, and show the potential of such scripts. Conclusion: This paper discusses a number of userscripts that aggregate information from two or more web resources. Examples are shown that enrich web pages with information from other resources, and show how information from web pages can be used to link to, search, and process information in other resources. Due to the nature of userscripts, scientists are able to select those scripts they find useful on a daily basis, as the scripts run directly in their own web browser rather than on the web server. This flexibility allows the scientists to tune the features of web resources to optimise their productivity.
Quantifying the Interoperability of Open Government Datasets
Computer, 2014
Open Governments use the Web as a global dataspace for datasets. It is in the interest of these governments to be interoperable with other governments worldwide, yet there is currently no way to identify relevant datasets to be interoperable with and there is no way to measure the interoperability itself. In this article we discuss the possibility of comparing identifiers used within various datasets as a way to measure semantic interoperability. We introduce three metrics to express the interoperability between two datasets: the identifier interoperability, the relevance and the number of conflicts. The metrics are calculated from a list of statements which indicate for each pair of identifiers in the system whether they identify the same concept or not. While a lot of effort is needed to collect these statements, the return is high: not only relevant datasets are identified, also machine-readable feedback is provided to the data maintainer.
Agricultural Information Worldwide, 2011
AGRIS provides a large collection of bibliographic references, such as research papers, studies and thesis, each including metadata such as conferences, researchers, publishers, institutions, and keywords from different thesauri such as AGROVOC. With the rise of the full text search and online availability of more research material, the role of bibliographic metadata appears redundant. When it is considered as a form of modeling that emphasizes relationships, connections and links, bibliographic metadata grows in value ...
Publishing, identifiers metrics: Playing the numbers game
Health Prospect
The number of scientific articles published each year is rapidly growing and so is the number of academic journals. This makes it impossible for an individual practitioner or researcher to keep track of all research published in their own field or sub-discipline. With the growing amount of publications, it is also becoming more difficult to distinguish between similar papers published on the same topic, in the same journal, or by the same researchers (or research team). This perspective paper could support students and novice researchers, outlines the difference between the unique identifier for: (1) you as the researcher, (2) a specific paper; and (3) a specific journal. This paper further outlines the various numerical identifiers associated with academic publishing to help demystify academic publishing.
Building the World Wide Hypermap (WWH) with a RESTful architecture
Journal of phycology, 2002
The hypermap concept was introduced in 1992 as a way to hyperlink geospatial features to text, multimedia or other geospatial features. Since then, the concept has been used in several applications, although it has been found to have some limitations. On the other hand, Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) adopt diverse and heterogeneous service oriented architectures (SOAs). They are developed by different standard bodies and are generally disconnected from mass market web solutions. This work expands the hypermap concept to overcome its limitations and harmonise it with geospatial resource oriented architecture (ROA), connecting it to the semantic web and generalising it to the World Wide Hypermap (WWH) as a tool for building a single 'Digital Earth'. Global identifiers, dynamic links, link purposes and resource management capabilities are introduced as a solution that orchestrates data, metadata and data access services in a homogeneous way. This is achieved by providing a set of rules using the current Internet paradigm formalised in the REpresentational State Transfer (REST) architecture and combining it with existing Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. A reference implementation is also presented and the strategies needed to implement the WWH, which mainly consist in a set of additions to current Geographic Information System (GIS) products and a RESTful server that mediates between the Internet and the local GIS applications.
The Resource Identification Initiative: A cultural shift in publishing
F1000Research, 2015
A central tenet in support of research reproducibility is the ability to uniquely identify research resources, i.e., reagents, tools, and materials that are used to perform experiments. However, current reporting practices for research resources are insufficient to identify the exact resources that are reported or to answer basic questions such as “What other studies used resource X?” To address this issue, the Resource Identification Initiative was launched as a pilot project to improve the reporting standards for research resources in the methods sections of papers and thereby improve identifiability and scientific reproducibility. The pilot engaged over 25 biomedical journal editors from most major publishers, as well as scientists and funding officials. Authors were asked to include Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) in their manuscripts prior to publication for three resource types: antibodies, model organisms, and tools (i.e., software and databases). RRIDs are assigned by an authoritative database, for example a model organism database, for each type of resource. To make it easier for authors to obtain RRIDs, resources were aggregated from the appropriate databases and their RRIDs made available in a central web portal ( http://scicrunch.org/resources ). RRIDs meet three key criteria: they are machine readable, free to generate and access, and are consistent across publishers and journals. The pilot was launched in February of 2014 and over 300 papers have appeared that report RRIDs. The number of journals participating has expanded from the original 25 to more than 40 with RRIDs appearing in 62 different journals to date. Here, we present an overview of the pilot project and its outcomes to date. We show that authors are able to identify resources and are supportive of the goals of the project. Identifiability of the resources post-pilot showed a dramatic improvement for all three resource types, suggesting that the project has had a significant impact on identifiability of research resources.
Database : the journal of biological databases and curation, 2018
The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), at www.iedb.org, has the mission to make published experimental data relating to the recognition of immune epitopes easily available to the scientific public. By presenting curated data in a searchable database, we have liberated it from the tables and figures of journal articles, making it more accessible and usable by immunologists. Recently, the principles of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability have been formulated as goals that data repositories should meet to enhance the usefulness of their data holdings. We here examine how the IEDB complies with these principles and identify broad areas of success, but also areas for improvement. We describe short-term improvements to the IEDB that are being implemented now, as well as a long-term vision of true 'machine-actionable interoperability', which we believe will require community agreement on standardization of knowledge representation that can be built on top of t...