Skin Staphylococcus aureus Colonization is Associated with Persistent Moderate-to-severe Atopic Dermatitis in Children (original) (raw)
Related papers
Effects of environment on atopic status and respiratory disorders in children
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1993
We investigated whether living in areas with higher air pollution levels increases the prevalence of positive skin reactivity in children and the possible synergic effect of air pollution exposure and atopy on respiratory disorders. This cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area, in an industrialized area, and in a rural control area in the Latium region of Italy. A total of 2226 subjects, aged 7 to 11 years, were studied. The prevalence of children with positive skin test results did not vary significantly over the areas (urban area = 21.0%, industrialized area = 22.0%, rural area = 20.2%). Children living in polluted areas experienced significantly more cough and phlegm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5), rhinitis (OR = 1.7), pneumonia (OR = 1.7), and early respiratory infections (OR = 1.4) than control subjects. The pattern of the odds ratios for atopy and air pollution suggested that the two factors were probably additive in affecting asthma and early respiratory infections (synergy index [SI] = 1.04 and 1.27, respectively), whereas they seemed to act synergically in regard to cough and phlegm (SI = 1.59), rhinitis (SI = 3.01), and pneumonia (SI = 2.75). Environmental air pollution seems not to increase the prevalence of atopic status; it seems, however, to enhance the development of clinical symptoms among already sensitized subjects.
Adult atopic dermatitis and exposure to air pollutantsda nationwide population-based study
Background: There is a trend toward an increased worldwide prevalence of allergic diseases. It is speculated that industrialization with resultant air pollution plays a role. However, there are sparse epidemiologic data on the relation between air pollution and atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. Objective: To investigate the relation between exposure to air pollutants and adult AD in a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Methods: We identified 1,023 adult patients with AD and 4,092 age-and sex-matched controls without allergic diseases in 2011. Using data from 71 Environmental Protection Agency monitoring stations across Taiwan, levels of exposure to air pollutants were determined by the location of a subject's place of residence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, levels of urbanization, and family income, was performed.
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2019
Background For about three decades now, the number of people suffering from atopy including atopic dermatitis (AD) has been increasing in developed countries. Genetic background and environmental factors including air pollution play an effective role in its incidence. This study examined the association between air pollutants and exacerbation of AD symptoms including sleep disturbance and itching in AD patients of Tehran. Methods In this panel study, 31 patients with AD who admitted to Razi Hospital, dermatology hospital in Tehran, entered the research. Daily information including questions on disease symptoms (sleep disturbance, itching) and duration of outdoor stay (in hours) were collected using a questionnaire. The mean 24-h concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 pollutants were obtained from the Air Quality Control Company. The relationship between the concentrations of the pollutants and exacerbation of the disease symptoms was investigated using the GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations) model. Results There was a significant relationship between the concentrations of air pollutants and exacerbation of sleep disturbance and itching on the same day, before, and after adjusting the effects of the confounding variables, so that the estimated odds ratios (95% confidence interval) between PM 10 and PM 2.5 and exacerbation of itching were 1.06 (1.02-1.10) and 1.17 (1.07-1.28), respectively. Conclusions There was a significant statistical relationship between the concentration of particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) and exacerbation of sleep disturbance and itching. PM 2.5 showed a stronger relationship with the exacerbation of symptoms compared to PM 10 .
Respiratory Medicine, 2013
Respiratory Medicine (2013) 107, 1763e1772 air pollution estimates, we used the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to increase the representation of rural participants in our sample. Logistic regression with population-based sampling weights was used to calculate adjusted prevalence odds ratios per 10 ppb increase in O 3 and NO 2 , per 10 mg/m 3 increase in PM 10 , and per 5 mg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 adjusting for race, gender, age, socioeconomic status, smoking, and urban/rural status. Results: Using CMAQ data, increased levels of NO 2 were associated with positive IgE to any (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04, 1.27), inhalant (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02, 1.33), and indoor (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03, 1.31) allergens. Higher PM 2.5 levels were associated with positivity to indoor allergen-specific IgE (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.13, 1.36). Effect estimates were similar using monitored data. Conclusions: Increased ambient NO 2 was consistently associated with increased prevalence of allergic sensitization. ª
Science of The Total Environment
Short-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with exacerbation of respiratory diseases such as asthma. Substantial heterogeneity in effect estimates has been observed between previous studies. This study aims to quantify the local burden of daily asthma symptoms in asthmatic children in a medium-sized city. Air pollution exposure was estimated using the nearest sensor in a fine resolution urban air quality sensor network in the city of Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Bayesian estimates of the exposure response function were obtained by updating a priori information from a meta-analysis with data from a panel study using a daily diary. Five children participated in the panel study, resulting in a total of 400 daily diary records. Positive associations between NO 2 and lower respiratory symptoms and medication use were observed. The odds ratio for any lower respiratory symptoms was 1.07 (95% C.I. 0.92, 1.28) expressed per 10 μg m −3 for current day NO 2 concentration, using data from the panel study only (uninformative prior). Odds ratios for dry cough and phlegm were close to unity. The pattern of associations agreed well with the updated meta-analysis. The meta-analytic random effects summary estimate was 1.05 (1.02, 1.07) for LRS. Credible intervals substantially narrowed when adding prior information from the meta-analysis. The odds ratio for lower respiratory symptoms with an informative prior was 1.06 (0.99, 1.14). Burden of disease maps showed a strong spatial variability in the number of asthmatic symptoms associated with ambient NO 2 derived from a regression kriging model. In total, 70 cases of asthmatic symptoms can daily be associated with NO 2 exposure in the city of Eindhoven. We conclude that Bayesian estimates are useful in estimation of specific local air pollution effect estimates and subsequent local burden of disease calculations. With the fine resolution air quality network, neighborhood-specific burden of asthmatic symptoms was assessed.
Effect of outdoor and indoor nitrogen dioxide on respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren
International journal of epidemiology, 2000
Background Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), an oxidant gas that contaminates both outdoor and indoor air, is considered to be a potential risk factor for asthma. We investigated concurrently the effects of outdoor and indoor NO 2 on the prevalence and incidence of respiratory symptoms among children. Methods A cohort study was carried out over 3 years on 842 schoolchildren living in seven different communities in Japan. Indoor NO 2 concentrations over 24 hours were measured in both winter and summer in the homes of the subjects, and a 3-year average of the outdoor NO 2 concentration was determined for each community. Respiratory symptoms were evaluated every year from responses to questionnaires. Results The prevalence of bronchitis, wheeze, and asthma significantly increased with increases of indoor NO 2 concentrations among girls, but not among boys. In neither boys nor girls were there significant differences in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among urban, suburban, and rural districts. The incidence of asthma increased among children living in areas with high concentrations of outdoor NO 2. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a 10 parts per billion (ppb) increase of outdoor NO 2 concentration was associated with an increased incidence of wheeze and asthma (odds ratios [OR] = 1.76, 95% CI : 1.04-3.23 and OR = 2.10, 95% CI : 1.10-4.75, respectively), but that no such associations were found with indoor NO 2 concentration (OR = 0.73, 95% CI : 0.45-1.14 and OR = 0.87, 95% CI : 0.51-1.43, respectively). Conclusions These findings suggest that outdoor NO 2 air pollution may be particularly important for the development of wheeze and asthma among children. Indoor NO 2 concentrations were associated with the prevalence of respiratory symptoms only among girls. Girls may be more susceptible to indoor air pollution than boys.
Ambient exposure and nasal inflammation in adults and children – a preliminary analysis
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2002
The epidemiological evidence that ambient exposure, including particulate matter (PM) is related to adverse health outcomes continues to mount. Inflammation and disease of the upper respiratory tract are commonly suggested as effects of ambient exposure. Therefore we studied both ambient exposure and nasal effects in a 4-months cross-sectional survey in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Germany). At 4 locations in 3 different cities ambient exposure to TSP (total suspended particles), O 3 , NO x and SO 2 was derived from compliance measurements by governmental offices, and 884 subjects (501 mothers and 383 children, 6 ± 7 years old) were screened using nasal lavage, with success rates of 90 and 75%, respectively. No differences in total cell counts or percentage of neutrophils were found between mothers or children from the 4 different locations, despite small but significant differences in ambient exposure to TSP, SO 2, O 3 , and NO x during this period. A higher epithelial cell count in mothers and children from one city might be related to general higher ambient pollution in that location. Interestingly, total cells and interleukin-8 levels in children were higher than in mothers and possibly reflect their increased susceptibility to effects of air pollution. Future analysis will concentrate on temporal relations between inflammation and exposure, including individual risk factors such as allergy, smoking and the presence of disease.
Indoor air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5 and NO2) have been known to pose great risks to the human respiratory system. A slight airway inflammatory response in the adult might produce a potentially significant obstruction in the airway of a preschool child. The main objective of this study is to determine the association between indoor air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and NO2) and airway inflammation among preschool children. A cross sectional comparative study was conducted among healthy preschool children selected from 3 preschools in industrial (n=62) and 3 preschools in sub-urban (n=62) areas. Questionnaires were used to determine reported respiratory symptoms among respondents. Indoor exposures to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 in classes were measured using DustTrak DRX Aerosol Monitor and LaMotte Air Sampler. Meanwhile, Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) was measured using NIOX MINO device. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in measurements of indoor air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5 and NO2) between both study areas. Concentration of indoor PM10 [87.00 (59.00) µg/m3], PM2.5 [75.0 (47.0) µg/m3] and NO2 [0.14 (0.14) ppm] in preschools at the industrial area were significantly higher than the preschools at the sub-urban area (Z=-8.517, p=0.001). A significant difference (p<0.05) was found in measurements between the two areas. Indoor PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 were found to be significantly associated with the concentration levels of Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) measured in both areas (p<0.05). Preschool children living near an industrial area are highly exposed to indoor air pollutants as compared to those in the sub-urban area. Exposure to indoor PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 were associated with concentration levels of Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide in both areas. Therefore, it was suggested that greater exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 may increase the chances of airway inflammation occurrences among those exposed