Climate Change and Infectious Diseases; Evidence from Highly Vulnerable Countries (original) (raw)
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Climate Change and Infectious Diseases
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We study the effects of development and climate change on infectious disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. Infant mortality and infectious disease are close related, but there are better data for the former. In an international cross-section, per capita income, literacy, and absolute poverty significantly affect infant mortality. We use scenarios of these three determinants, and of climate change to project the future incidence of malaria, assuming it to change proportionally to infant mortality. Malaria deaths will first increase, because of population growth and climate change, but then fall, because of development. This pattern is robust to the choice of scenario, parameters, and starting conditions; and it holds for diarrhoea, schistosomiasis, and dengue fever as well. However, the time and level of the mortality peak is very sensitive to assumptions. Climate change is important in the medium term, but dominated in the long term by development. As climate can only be changed with a substantial delay, development is the preferred strategy to reduced infectious diseases, even if that is exacerbated by climate change.
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Research Square (Research Square), 2022
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An integrated assessment framework for climate change and infectious diseases
Environmental Health Perspectives, 1999
Man.iy potenialhuman hel effects have ,been yot d t:o: result either direty or indrectl from glba cli e ade C.h.angesinthe prevence and spread of.ifectious diseases asme *o.f:the: most widely cited potential effects.o.f clima.te change, and c.oul.d. have. signifcant.cone-:quences for.human..... health as wel as ecoomi an socea impcs Thse:cagsi ies .incidence. would bemediated through. .b..io,logic,, :ecologic, .:sociologi,e adpeioloicpro ess *that i.nterac .:w ..itheach. other:an .wh.ic.h ma .themselves beinfl..... uenced byclimate change. .Althoug hypothesized .infectious disease.:effects:.have .been.widely: discussed,. th*ere have: no..nt yet bfe.en:thorough: quantitative.studies addressing: he man.processes atwork. pa is *ofthe complexit o.f teman inmdirect and.feedbc interactions o.r mechanisms that bear: onall .aspects.of the climate issu.e It also results from:thedifficultyofincdeo q always-anging determinants of these diseases..This paper propos.esa frameworkfor.an integrat-*.ed assessmentofthe impacts.*. climate change on in ts diseases. The framework. ..identificatio.n. of potentially imortant indirectin.teractions:.or mechanism, .identification of *::important ch gaps,.aa means of. integrating tared reearch.from.a variety of.disciplines into an enhancedunderst g o f whole. system.K o clate change,: infectiou. s
Introduction: Climate is changing and this is a fact. The impact on health is serious. There are many devastating outcomes from such changes. Injuries, displacements, Food security, changes in diseases pattern and return of diseases were eliminated. In already vulnerable communities and countries climate change effect is an added burden which accelerate the gloomy end to these communities. Objective: Is to attract attention of the stakeholders in both sides of the economic world rich and poor countries to seriously considering the impact of climate change and work together for solutions. Discussion: The responsibility of the causes led and leading to climate change is lying on the shoulders of the richer countries being an industrialized countries, however the price is paid by the developing or the poorer countries. The reason mainly could be attributed to their limited coping mechanisms. The events explained by climate change lead these countries to remain in the vicious cycle of poverty. Conclusion: a global action and intervention that consider both sides of the world is crucial. Inclusion of the developing countries in the proposed solutions could contribute in enhancements of such proposals. Further researches are required to address link of the climatic changes and wars specially in the flaming world we live in today.
Diouf et al., 2024
This study examines the relationship between climate change and public health in Haiti, a country already facing socioeconomic challenges. The well-being of Haiti’s vulnerable population is expected to be further affected by climate change, leading to an increase in vector-borne, water-borne, and heat-related diseases. As one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change effects,Haiti is currently experiencing an increase in vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya, as well as water-borne diseases and emerging zoonotic outbreaks. This study aims to improve planning, decision-making, and responses to public health challenges by utilizing health data, climatic information, and impact models. The methodology involves the creation of a comprehensive climate and health database to uncover detailed spatial-temporal relationships on a national scale. By evaluating disease indicators from historical periods (1950-2014) and future projections (2015-2100) using the Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSPs) from the multi-model ensemble meanof theCMIP6models, targetdiseases, includingmalaria,meningitis,dengue,and heat-sensitive chronicdiseases are assessed.Our resultshighlight adecrease inrainfall and a strong increase in temperatures, especially within western Haiti under the extremeSSP585 scenario. The ability of the impactmodels to simulate the seasonality and spatial distribution of malaria incidence, dengue and heatwaves was performed. The analysis of risks related to climate-sensitive diseases’ climatic parameters shows that Haiti’s west and central regions aremostly exposed to vector-borne and waterbornediseases. Models predict a decrease in malaria casesdueto climate changewith hot temperatures and a decline in rainfall, while dengue transmission patterns may undergo changes. These findings will inform the implementation of context-specific early-warning systems and adaptation strategies for climate-sensitive diseases while acknowledging the challenges of integrating climate-altered data into health policies.
As human societies are beginning to feel the early effects of 21st Century climate change, adaptation is becoming an increasingly important area of enquiry across a range of human sectors and activities. This is particularly true for the health sectors of tropical developing countries, as many of these countries will be some of the first to experience the impacts of global warming. Given this, it is important to understand the mechanisms through which climate change may impact on human health, and thus on the social welfare in tropical developing countries and the resourcing requirements of their health sectors. This paper reviews and synthesizes the published literature on the causal links between climate change and human disease for eight diseases of tropical importance: malaria, dengue fever, gastroenteritis, schistosomiasis, leptospirosis, ciguatera poisoning, meningococcal meningitis, and cardio-respiratory disease.
Annual Review of Public Health, 2011
The rapid growth in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including injury and poor mental health, in low- and middle-income countries and the widening social gradients in NCDs within most countries worldwide pose major challenges to health and social systems and to development more generally. As Earth's surface temperature rises, a consequence of human-induced climate change, incidences of severe heat waves, droughts, storms, and floods will increase and become more severe. These changes will bring heightened risks to human survival and will likely exacerbate the incidence of some NCDs, including cardiovascular disease, some cancers, respiratory health, mental disorders, injuries, and malnutrition. These two great and urgent contemporary human challenges—to improve global health, especially the control of NCDs, and to protect people from the effects of climate change—would benefit from alignment of their policy agendas, offering synergistic opportunities to improve population and pl...