Indonesian in North Kalimantan: A melting pot of national, regional and local features (original) (raw)

Regional Shift to Bahasa Indonesia: �Old Vernacular� in a New Identity

Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities

The Gamkonora people are an ethnic group in Indonesia whose members have an outstanding linguistic ability: they are able to speak more than two languages, that is, two or more of Gamkonora, Ternatan-Malay, Ternate, andBahasa Indonesia. The use of these languages is related to the residual traces of the powers that have ruled the area in the history of North Maluku: the Ternate sultanate, European colonialists and Indonesian central government since independence. Re?ecting on the current language behaviour of the Gamkonoran younger generation, which tends to be the Indonesian language (read Malay); the authors question how far the Gamkonorans Indonesian language ability has in?uenced their Gamkonoran language and culture. Through ethnographic studies, the authors found that two languagesIndonesian and Gamkonoranhave di?erent roles in their culture. Therefore, the language shift toBahasa Indonesia by Gamkonoran youth will not replace the Gamkonoran language because the use of their t...

John Bowden - Local languages, local Malay, and Bahasa Indonesia A case study from North Maluku

2012

Many small languages from eastern Indonesia are threatened with extinction. While it is often assumed that 'Indonesian' is replacing the lost languages, in reality, local languages are being replaced by local Malay. In this paper I review some of the reasons for this in North Maluku. I review the directional system in North Maluku Malay and argue that features like the directionals allow those giving up local languages to retain a sense of local linguistic identity. Retaining such an identity makes it easier to abandon local languages than would be the case if people were switching to 'standard' Indonesian.

North Moluccan Malay: Notes on a "Substandard" Dialect of Indonesian

Studies in Malay Dialects, Part II (J. Collins, ed.) NUSA Monograph Series, vol. 17. (Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA.), 1983

This paper identifies a high degree of multilingualism in at least one North Halmahera community (Wasile), based on a household survey. Following this, a number of topis concerning North Moluccan Malay are covered, ranging from phonology and affixation to pronouns and function words. Each of these parts of NMM grammar reflects the influence of indigenous languages, whether directly, in loanwords, or indirectly, by reshaping semantic categories, for example the deictic system. Three texts of a colloquial register of NMM with transliteration and translation are appended.

The Use of the Makassar Dialect of Indonesian in the Native Speakers in the Gowa District

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 2021

Makassarese speakers are bilingual. They are generally domiciled in the southern part of South Sulawesi Province, especially in Gowa Regency. The alternation of Makassarese and Indonesian languages has the consequence of mutual influence at various levels, including the morphological level. This study aims to describe the form of words and the meaning carried by each word due to the morphological influence of the Makassar language on the Indonesian language. This research is a type of descriptive research. Sources of data are the speeches of respondents who live in Gowa Regency as twenty people who were selected purposively based on occupation (employees, teachers, traders, and students); age (between 18-47 years); and education (junior till high school). The data were analyzed according to the properties of the morphemes and then transcribed according to their basic forms. The results showed that the morphological influence of the Makassar language into Indonesian has certain characteristics, namely the presence of a bound element in the form of clitics. There are clitics in the form of personal pronouns; some are in the form of particles. Clitics derived from personal pronouns consist of neutral or familiar pronouns and honorific or polite pronouns. There are clitics in the form of particles that function as affirmations while others act as markers of time or time. These clitics can be attached to the class of nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals by carrying different meanings according to the context of the speech.

The Role of Indonesian Language in a Modern Nation-State

Prosiding Internasional Seminar, 2012

This paper concerns in the role of Indonesian Language in a modern nation-state. As the sole national language and the very wide lingua franca of a modern society in this globalized and dynamic world, Indonesian language is indispensably required to overcome some current linguistic, national and socio-political challenges, among others to strengthen NKRI integrity, to be a modern language, to highly survive from global foreign languages influences, and to be an internationally spoken language. For the sake of overcoming those challenges, 7 key roles are played by Indonesian language which are as regulated in language policies, namely as national language, state language, official language, educational language, technological and scientific language, business and trade language, and mass media language. Nonetheless, the Indonesian language roles which are linguistically, socially, and politically planned supposed to be continuously carried out across time and across regions of Indonesia. Because, those today’s challenges seemed ongoing, further they become more and more complex. Then, the success to survive in those challenges will be a considerable key point in developing Indonesia as one of the ideal persistent modern nation-state nowadays in the world.

Malay: its history, role and spread 1996

Draft. Official version appeared in: Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas. (S.A. Wurm, P. Mühlhäusler and D. Tryon eds.). Berlin: Mouton - de Gruyter., 1996

A sociolinguistic, historical and geographical overview of Indonesian/Malay in insular South-east Asia and elsewhere

Salako or Badameà, sketch grammar, texts and lexicon of a Kanayatn dialect in West Borneo (review)

Oceanic Linguistics, 2007

The Salako language, spoken in parts of West Kalimantan and Sarawak, is accepted as belonging to the Malayic family (Adelaar 1992a), but despite this linguistic af²liation, Salako speakers are culturally far removed from present-day Malay groups in Western Indonesia due to the preservation to their traditional lifestyle and religion until relatively recently. The Salako are, of course, not the only "Dayak" people of Kalimantan to be counted in the Malayic family; other such groups include the Iban and the Kendayan. But in contrast to the better-documented Iban language, Salako had not received suf²cient attention from linguists prior to Adelaar's earlier publications, especially in regard to grammar and morphology. The present grammar thus represents the ²rst attempt at offering a more holistic picture of the Salako language, and ²lls an important gap in our knowledge of the Malayic family and the linguistic landscape of West Kalimantan. The grammar, however, as stated in the title, is only a sketch. It covers the fundamental points of the phonology and morphology of the language along with a basic picture of the syntax. The bulk of the book comprises a collection of texts in Salako with English translations and a lexicon. It is the product of Adelaar's ²eldwork in Nyarumkop, a Roman Catholic parochial center located in the Singkawang Timur district, Benkayang regency, where he collected data intermittently between the late 1980s and 2004. In what follows, I review the content and presentation of this publication while at the same time highlighting some points of Salako grammar that are of importance for current issues in linguistics. The relevance of Salako to the reconstruction and subgrouping of Malayic has already been dealt with by Adelaar in several articles (Adelaar 1992a, 1992b, 2004, 2005b). The book is organized into four parts. Part i is an introduction containing basic information about the speaker community, the history of Salako scholarship, and the recent sociolinguistic situation. Part ii is a sketch grammar with subsections covering phonology, morphophonology, and morphosyntax. Part iii consists of 20 texts that are mostly narrated stories, procedural texts, and stories explaining Salako customs with a few samples of dialogue included. Part iv, the ²nal part, is a Salako-English lexicon. The introduction is well written and informative, enriched by Adelaar's longstanding interest in the language area in particular, and in the Malayic family more generally. We are told here about the various linguistic pressures affecting Salako speakers today, the greatest of which is from Indonesian, as is evident from the code-mixing within the texts. This pressure is not new; in earlier times, Adelaar informs us, the Catholic church was responsible for the marginalization of Salako by their promotion of Malay as the of²cial liturgical language. In regard to classi²cation, Adelaar locates Malayic in the framework of his Malayo-Sumbawan hypothesis (Adelaar 2005a) which groups Madurese, Sundanese, Sasak, Sumbawa, Balinese, Chamic, and Malayic into a single subgroup of Malayo-Polynesian.

The impact of political ideologies on the lexical development of Indonesian

Indonesian has played a crucial role in the history of Indonesia as a highly efficient political and state-making instrument. It has developed from Malay, which had served for centuries as a natural lingua franca of sailors and traders in the littoral areas of Southeast Asia. A normative form of the Malay language, primarily based on the Riau dialect, was adopted in the late 1920´s by Indonesian nationalists as the language of a nation in the making and received a highly political name, bahasa Indonesia. When Indonesia proclaimed independence right after the Japanese surrender and had to fight for it another four years with the returning Dutch, Indonesian became not only a strong uniting element of the new multiethnic nation, but also the language of the revolution (bahasa revolusi). This was when this newly evolving language embarked on an exciting path of a vital political tool, which has both served the following regimes and reflected on the workings of these regimes. The primary aim of this paper therefore is to trace and analyze the trajectory of the language under the pressure of the ideologies and atmosphere created by them, with a particular focus on the lexical innovations, neologisms, acronyms and other, at times bizarre, linguistic forms.