Thermomechanical properties of chemically modified graphene/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites made by in situ polymerization (original) (raw)
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Journal of Composite Materials, 2018
The purpose of this laboratory study was to formulate and characterize the graphene oxide-poly(methyl methacrylate) resin composite with an intended use as bone cement. Graphene oxide was fabricated through ultrasonication route. The autopolymerization resin (Eco Cryl Cold, Protechno, Vilamalla Girona, Spain) was used to prepare the specimens of required dimensions for different testing parameters. The control group (C-group) was prepared as such. However, for GO1-group, 0.024 wt/wt.-% of graphene oxide was incorporated in a resin matrix and GO2-group was a composite with 0.048 wt/wt.-% of graphene oxide in a resin matrix. TEM examination of graphene oxide sheets demonstrated them in the range of 500nmto500 nm to 500nmto2 mm. The mechanical properties were characterized using three-point bending and wear resistance, while material properties were assessed through transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The results suggest that 0.024 wt/wt.-% and 0.048 wt/wt.-% of loading of GO have no effect on the physiochemical characteristics. However, thermal characteristics might slightly be improved. According to the analysis of variance results (p < 0.05, n ¼ 5), wear resistance and bending strength of both GO1 and GO2 groups significantly improved compared to C-group. The bending strength of GO2 improved to 87.0 AE 7.2 MPa from 65.9 AE 11.5 MPa of C-group. Scanning electron microscopy examination of the fractured surface demonstrated granule like structure where the graphene oxide sheets might be covered inside PMMA. The use of GO-PMMA composites favorably enhances the mechanical properties of bone cement.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021
The technique for synthesis of poly (methyl methacrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization has been strengthened by using graphene nanoplatelets to enhance the elastic properties of the polymer. In order to improve practical, economical and mechanical performance, the requirements for effective implementation of production control as a smart bulk polymer nanocomposite were determined for cost-effective bulk production. Threedimensional inspection (using an ultrasound interrogation method for the whole volume under test) confirmed the synthesis of the nanocomposite to be free of agglomeration and bubbles. As a result of this elimination of defects, an enhancement in compressive strength of 42.7% was achieved and the Rockwell hardness was increased by 19.9 % through the addition of graphene nanoplatelets at 2 wt% by mass. The deformation and mechanical failure properties have been characterised in the mechanical enhancement of the the polymer nanocomposite. Elastic parameters determined using ultrasound testing identified that changes in the structural features following the addition of these GNPs were uniquely connected to the enhancements in these elastic parameters (such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus and microhardness) of the poly (methyl methacrylate) / graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposite.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021
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Mechanical Characterization of Polycarbonate-Graphene Oxide (PCG) Nanocomposite
Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2020
Polymer matrix nanocomposite are of great interest due to its high specific strength, low cost, and ease of processing & synthesis. Various attempts have been made to improve properties of polymer matrix by introducing nano reinforcement. In present report, effect of low cost nanosheet reinforcement, Graphene Oxide (GO), in Polycarbonate (PC) matrix was studied for mechanical properties of PC-GO (PCG) nanocomposite. PC is used in various mechanical parts and structural applications. Low cost GO was synthesized by chemical oxidation route using low cost graphite flakes. To get better dispersion of GO in PC, solution mixing method was used. First, the thin film of PCG nanocomposite was prepared by mixing sonicated GO in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and beads of PC. After that these sheets were extruded using an injection molding machine to synthesize dog-bone sample of PCG nanocomposites. Morphological studies of samples were performed using FE-SEM machine. Dog-bone samples were characterize...
Effect of Graphene and Silica Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nano Composites
In the recent years Polymer Nano composites have become promising materials in all engineering materials for transportation, automotive, and biomedical applications. This paper presents various combinations of Nano fillers and matrix materials which were used to develop the Nano composite material by means of simple compression molding technique and characterization of mechanical properties. The effect of Nano Silica (0-25% by weight) and these properties was studied. The silica Nano filler has received much attention due to their ordered structure and high surface area. The Graphene has attracted considerable interest over recent years due to its intrinsic mechanical properties. Finally, Nano composites were subjected to tensile, flexural, impact and hardness testing to analyze the mechanical properties.
Graphene Reinforced Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites: Fabrication Method, Properties and Applications
Graphene - Recent Advances, Future Perspective and Applied Applications [Working Title]
Graphene has exceptional mechanical capabilities, making it a potential reinforcement material for polymer composites. It also has unique electrical and thermal properties, making it an appealing filler for multifunctional composites, particularly polymer matrix composites, due to its vitality and superior mechanical qualities. This chapter thoroughly examines current graphene research trends, focusing on graphene-based polymer nanocomposites, manufacturing, characteristics and applications. Graphene-based materials are single- or multi-layer platelets that may be mass produced using chemical, physical and mechanical processes. A range of technologies for producing graphene-based materials, as well as methods for dispersing these nanoparticles in different polymer matrices, are being examined. The electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of these nanocomposites are also discussed, as well as how each of these features is influenced by the inherent properties of graphene-based m...
On the Multi-Functional Behavior of Graphene-Based Nano-Reinforced Polymers
Materials
The objective of the present study is the assessment of the impact performance and the concluded thermal conductivity of epoxy resin reinforced by layered Graphene Nano-Platelets (GNPs). The two types of used GNPs have different average thicknesses, <4 nm for Type 1 and 9–12 nm for Type 2. Graphene-based polymers containing different GNP loading contents (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 wt.%) were developed by using the three-roll mill technique. Thermo-mechanical (Tg), impact tests and thermal conductivity measurements were performed to evaluate the effect of GNPs content and type on the final properties of nano-reinforced polymers. According to the results, thinner GNPs were proven to be more promising in all studied properties when compared to thicker GNPs of the same weight content. More specifically, the glass transition temperature of nano-reinforced polymers remained almost unaffected by the GNPs inclusion. Regarding the impact tests, it was found that the impact resistance of the doped...
Effect of Nanoclay on Thermomechanical Behaviour of Graphene Oxide/Polymer Composites
Procedia Engineering, 2017
This work explores the effectiveness of nanoclay (NC) as compatibilizer in graphene oxide (GO) reinforced Nylon66 (N66) nanocomposites, prepared through melt mixing technique. Different composites have been prepared with varying concentration of NC to determine its optimum content for an effective improvement in thermomechanical properties of GO/N66 composites. XRD curves have shown that properly exfoliated nanocomposites have been synthesized with the use of NC as secondary filler. FTIR has been used to confirm presence of different elements and the nature of interaction between N66 and fillers. Thermogravimetric analysis have shown that the effect of GO and NC on thermal decomposition behaviour of GO/N66 composites is insignificant. The mechanical and thermomechanical properties of these composites have been studied with the help of tensile tests, flexural tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. The incorporation of 2 wt% NC in GO-N66 nanocomposite shows most significant improvement in its tensile and flexural strength (93.2% and 121.5%, respectively). DMA studies revealed improvement in storage modulus of GO-NC reinforced hybrid composites. Glass transition (Tg) of 2NC-GO-N66 nanocomposite have been noticed to improve by 12.5%. FESEM images have shown that agglomeration of nanoparticles takes place when the content of NC reaches 3 wt%. This provides the reason for poor mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composite having NC more than 2 wt%.
Graphene Polymer Composites: Review on Fabrication Method, Properties and Future Perspectives
Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal
Graphene as new material, due to its unique and novel properties has attracted extensive attention and in-depth research in the scientific community. Graphene, as a covalently bonded monolayer of carbon atoms with a hexagonal structure, is currently the thinnest material found in the world, and also makes it one of the world's best in terms of its properties [1]. Graphene, with this special structure, contains rich and novel physical phenomena, which make it show many excellent properties such as ultra-higqh carrier mobility, good thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical modulus (1 TPa), breaking strength (125 GPa), and also a superior gas barrier, high transparency, and high specific surface area [2]. Moreover, based on these extraordinary properties, graphene showed great potential application prospects and market value in different fields such as transportation, high-frequency electronic devices, flexible display, electrochemical biosensor, new energy battery, supercapacitor, aerospace, biomedical, etc. Graphene can also be used as an ideal nanofiller to reinforce the properties of composites, thus providing a broader application space for composite materials. Even a small amount of graphene addition to composite tends to increase the mechanical, electrical, and processing properties [1-4]. Hence, the addition of graphene into polymer composite has shown improvements of properties compared to pure polymer, significant changes in the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties were proven, more than in the case of other materials. The polymer nanocomposites modified by graphene can be used in construction, automobile, aerospace, electronic, and medical applications, etc. The interaction between fillers and the polymer matrix at the interface has great importance for the performance of composites [5, 6]. As graphene is hard and very costly to produce, needs a lot of energy, and is difficult to control structure, coupled with other materials especially polymers, different alternatives were found by using modified graphene, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) (Fig. 1), etc. provided more options which are considered easy to produce and showed a great improvement when combined with polymers. Generally, modified graphene (GO, RGO, etc) coupled with polymers and polymer composites can be possibly reached easily using various