Effect of heat treatment on hardness and wear properties of an aluminum alloy of motorcycle piston (original) (raw)
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Abstract
CHAPTER 1 vi 2.6.3.1 Natural Aging 2.6.3.2 Artificial Aging 2.6.4 Effect of Aging Time on Strength and Hardness 2.7 Microstructure Analysis 2.7.1 Research Review on Microstructure Analysis 2.8 Hardness Analysis 2.8.1 Research Review on Hardness Analysis 2.9 Wear Analysis 2.9.1 Type of Wear Mechanism 2.9.2 Wear and Friction Measurement 2.9.3 Wear Rate 2.9.4 Research Review on Wear Analysis CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
The paper investigates the effect of ageing on the hardness and wearing of Al2014. Precipitation hardening and ageing were carried out on the samples. The samples were solution treated at 550°C and were naturally aged. Quenching was carried out using ice-brine solution. Vickers Hardness were taken at regular intervals till 900 hours. The peak hardness value of the natural aged sample was found to be 86HV (93 hours) as compared to the untreated sample (32.4HV) The wear tests were conducted at 10N, 500rpm for 30 minutes. After the tribo test it was observed that the coefficient of friction increased by 7.06% in the naturally aged sample, but the wear rate in case of as-received samples was 46% higher than that of the naturally aged sample. The change in the microstructure of Al2014 is the primary reason for the difference in wear rate of the samples. The present work will help to understand the influence of heat treatment of aluminium alloy on wear properties.
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Semisolid AlSiMg casting alloys are attractive alternatives for automotive and aeronautical applications. In this work the effects of heat treatments on hardness and tribological properties of A356 aluminium alloy obtained by Sub-Liquidus Casting (SLC) were studied. The optimum heat treatment conditions, in which the material presents the maximum hardening and wear resistance values, were determined. Heat treatment conditions investigated included: A356 SLC as cast, T5 and T6. Furthermore, AC-46500 and A6061/T6 were analyzed for comparison. The tribological properties of the samples were investigated by pin-on-disc tests at 5 N and 0.05 and 0.1 m·s -1 in dry conditions. The samples were studied by SEM-EDX techniques in order to determine the wear mechanisms and the determination of the products produced during the tests. The maximum hardness and the lowest dry wear rate were obtained through T6 thermal treatment condition.
Mechanical Properties and Wear Strengths of Piston Alloy-Alumina Composites
Aluminium metal matrix composites reinforced with alumina particles have better mechanical and tribological properties than aluminium alloys. For this reasons these composites are widely used in aerospace and automobile industries. In this work Scrap piston alloy was used as master alloy because it contains silicon and magnesium. Silicon increases the casting ability and magnesium increases the wettability of alumina particles in master alloy. The desired composites were produced by the stir casting method by adding 5%, 10% and 15% alumina particles in master alloy respectively. For each of the composite alumina particles were preheated to a temperature of 800°C for 2 hours. Then particles were added gradually into the molten master alloy for achieving improved wettability and uniform distribution. The stirring was continued for 5 minutes. Finally composites ware poured into permanent metallic moulds at a temperature of 650°C. The hardness and tensile strength of the composites were examined. All composites have higher strength than master alloy. Addition of alumina particles in master alloy increases the hardness of the composites. The wear tests were conducted using pin on disc wear testing machine with counter surface as steel disc of hardness HRC 32 and surface roughness of 0.62 µm. The composite pin was used as specimens and all the wear tests were carried out in air and dry sliding conditions. It was found that composites have superior wear resistance property over master alloy. It was also examined the effect of load, sliding speed and sliding distance on wear behaviour. All these three factors increase the wear loss. Microstructural characterization of the composites has performed.
A DISSERTATION ON WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM & BRASS
Abstract: Wear is major problem in industry and its direct cost is estimated to vary between 1 to 4 % of gross national product. Therefore many efforts have been made to produce more durable materials and techniques to reduce the wear of the tools and the engineering components. These include modification of bulk properties of the materials, surface treatments and application of the coating, etc. over the last few years many efforts have been made to understand the behavior of the surfaces in sliding contact and the mechanism, which leads to wear. The applications of the Aluminum, Mild steel composites for the machine parts, particularly due to some very attractive characteristics such as high strength to weight ratio, excellent cast ability, pressure tightness, low coefficient of thermal expansion, good thermal conductivity, good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance The composites are mainly used in aerospace, automobiles, marine engineering and turbine compressor engineering applications. MMCs are used for light weight as well as high temperature applications. MMCs found wide applications in marine castings, motor cars & lorry fittings/pistons & engine parts, cylinder block and heads, cylinder liners, axles & wheels, rocker arms , automotive transmission casings, water cooled manifolds and jackets , piston for internal combustion engines , pump parts, high speed rotating parts and impellers etc.
Study of wear resistance of different piston ring materials
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2021: ICRAMER 2021
Piston rings are one of the most important sub-components of the IC engine. Cast Iron and Steels are among the materials used to manufacture Piston Rings. The common wear factors of a Piston Ring are friction, corrosion and thermal loads. Many researchers have come up with various effective methods such as improved Lubrication methods and Coatings to significantly reduce the wear factors improving the life and efficiency of the Piston rings. Existing coating technologies include plasma spraying, gas nitriding, chromium plating, physical vapor deposition which provide improved wear resistance. The sustained improvement of engine performance has compelled the engineers to develop piston rings of significantly greater efficiency. This induces various stresses in the moving assemblies such as adverse mechanical and thermal load specifically on the engine piston assembly. This research deals with study of different aspects of stress under the real conditions of loading such as mechanical stresses and wear, which will improve engine efficiency and effectively control oil lubrication. Chromium plating is one of the earliest coatings which is cost effective but requires improvements to cater to increasing demands. This paper deals with the testing of different chrome coatings on piston rings. The materials are Normal Chrome Coating, Moly Ceramic Chrome (MCC) and MC coated piston rings. The wear resistance tests conducted on Linear Reciprocating wear test tribometer produced valuable outputs. The tribometer works on the principle of pressing the test specimen on a cylinder liner in a reciprocating fashion simulating the action of an IC engine. The test was conducted in lubricated conditions with constant load of 50N and frequency 5Hz at 100֯ C for a time period of 60 minutes. The post wear tests including weight loss and contour analysis on worn out rings was performed.
Procedia Engineering, 2013
The tribological behavior of tow Al Si alloys under the influence of surface roughness average was investigated for the present study. The silicon content of these alloys ranged 10 and 16-wt% Si, and includes hypoeutectic 383 Al alloys and hypereutectic 390 Al alloys. Various surface roughness averages (Ra) of different degrees were verified as well as three different loads 10, 20 and 30 N, speeds 200, 300 and 400 rpm and relative humidity 75%. Different analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray dispersive analyses. A pin on-disc apparatus was used for testing in lubrication sliding wear. It was noted that the weighted and volumetric wear rate decreases the degree of roughness and the friction coefficient is a function of the stability state. Wear rate is decreased and the transition from high to low wear increases with an increase in the average surface roughness. It was found that, after the sliding velocity, there was an increase in wear of Al-Si with increasing load, using a scanning electron microscope to study the wear mechanisms. At high speeds, The results of mechanical properties of aluminum silicon alloys were finally correlated with the amount of silicon in aluminum and secondary processing technique.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT TREATED ALUMINIUM HYBRID COMPOSITES
The present experimental investigation was aimed to study the wear characteristics of an aluminium hybrid composite subjected to heat treatment. The matrix material selected for this study was Al6061. The reinforcement materials used are silicon carbide (SiC) and graphite particulates. The composites specimens have been prepared using stir casting method with 10 wt% of SiC and 2, 4 wt% of graphite particles. The prepared composite specimens and unreinforced alloy have been subjected to a temperature of 530°C for one hour. It is then followed by water quenching. Then artificial ageing to the quenched samples are done with different ageing durations like 4, 6, 8 hr at a temperature of 175°C. Rockwell hardness measurements were made using 'B' scale. Wear tests were carried out on the heat treated as cast 6061 alloy and its composites using pin-on-disc machine. Microstructure of the wear surface of heat treated composite specimens was taken using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the wear mechanism. From this experimental study, it is concluded that heat treatment had a significant effect on hardness and wear property of both the unreinforced alloy its composites.
INVESTIGATION ON TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAT TREATABLE ALUMINIUM-BASED ALLOYS
BACKGROUND In this section, an investigation on tribological properties of Al-Sn-Cu-Si alloy were investigated under dry sliding condition. The aluminium alloy containing different composition was prepared using gravity die casting and their friction and wear properties was investigated at against EN65 steel at different hours (8, 16 and 24) for the ageing temperature of 170°C. Once alloy was prepared and tested under the same conditions to analyse the effect of addition of Sn-Si on the friction and wear behaviours. Before that, the microstructure of the alloy was investigated using optical microscopy and the hardness of this alloy was investigated using Rockwell Hardness testing machine. The hardness of the alloys increased with increasing silicon content, an alloy Al-Sn-Cu-Si, which exhibited the highest hardness was subjected to ageing heat treatment. The friction coefficients and wear rates were found to decrease with increasing temperature and amount of Sn and Si. Three distinct alloys were prepared by using electrical furnace and the samples of the Al-Sn-Cu-Si alloy was investigated in both as cast and heat-treated conditions were found to be superior to pure aluminium as far as their tribological properties are concerned and also the three distinct alloy results were compared.
Corrosive Wear Behavior of Commercial Aluminium Engine Block and Piston in 3.5% NaCl Solution
The tribological performance of commercially used aluminium engine block and piston was evaluated at ambient condi-tions under dry and corrosive environment using a pin-on-disc with an applied load of 20 N at sliding velocity of 0.29 ms-1 and with varying sliding distance ranging from 260 m - 4200 m. The worn surfaces were characterized by optical micro-scope, SEM and EDX analyzer. The results showed that the nature of the wear rate was similar in both environments for both alloys which initially increases afterwards decreases to more or less a constant value. Moreover, for the block and piston alloys, the wear rate in corrosive environment was significantly higher than the dry condition. Due to the presence of Ni, higher percentage of Mg and lower percentage of Fe, the aluminium piston alloy showed higher wear performance than that of the block alloy.
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International Journal of Engineering, 2019
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