Trends in Nanomaterial-Based Non-Invasive Diabetes Sensing Technologies (original) (raw)
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Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2015
Nowadays nanotechnology has many applications in products used in various areas of daily life; however, this technology has also an option in modern medicine and pharmacy. Therefore, this technology is also an attractive option for the field of diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Many people with diabetes measure their blood glucose levels regularly to determine the insulin dose. Ideally glucose values would be measured noninvasively (NI). However, none of all the NI approaches studied in the past decades enabled reliable NI measurements under all daily life conditions. Particularly an unfavorable signal-to-noise ratio turned out to be problematic. Based on the known physical possibilities for NI glucose monitoring the focus of this review is on nanotechnology approaches. Functional prototypes exist for some of these that showed promising results under defined laboratory conditions, indicating a good sensitivity and selectivity for glucose. On the second hand is to optimize the tec...
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Most of the work done up to-date in the Republic of Macedonia concerning the nanostructures is carried out at the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje. A research team at the Faculty has achieved notable results in the field of polymer-based composites and nanostructured materials. One of their recent researches was on the design and processing of organic multi nanocomposites for sensors aimed to detect low level of chemical agents (gases) in environmental monitoring. Since polymer nanocomposite films with functionalized MWCNTs exhibit a large surface-to-volume ratio and unique chemical, optical, and electrical properties; they are a very attractive class of materials for various applications. Furthermore, their functionalization offer new potentials associated with their specific interactions. Biocompatible polymer matrices poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were used to provide good interfacial bonding between c...
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Real-time monitoring of physiological glucose transport is crucial for gaining new understanding of diabetes. Many techniques and equipment currently exist for measuring glucose, but these techniques are limited by complexity of the measurement, requirement of bulky equipment, and low temporal/spatial resolution. The development of various types of biosensors (eg, electrochemical, optical sensors) for laboratory and/or clinical applications will provide new insights into the cause(s) and possible treatments of diabetes. State-of-the-art biosensors are improved by incorporating catalytic nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, electrospun nanofibers, and quantum dots. These nanomaterials greatly enhance biosensor performance, namely sensitivity, response time, and limit of detection. A wide range of new biosensors that incorporate nanomaterials such as lab-on-chip and nanosensor devices are currently being developed for in vivo and in vitro glucose sensing. These real-time ...
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Glucose monitoring technology has been used in the management of diabetes for three decades. Traditional devices use enzymatic methods to measure glucose concentration and provide point sample information. More recently continuous glucose monitoring devices have become available providing more detailed data on glucose excursions. In future applications the continuous glucose sensor may become a critical component of the closed loop insulin delivery system and, as such, must be selective, rapid, predictable and acceptable for continuous patient use. Many potential sensing modalities are being pursued including optical and transdermal techniques. This review aims to summarize existing technology, the methods for assessing glucose sensing devices and provide an overview of emergent sensing modalities.
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Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels provides diabetic patients with a prompt method of measuring their blood glucose concentration, as opposed to conventional laboratory measurements. Frequent testing aids patients in the prevention and detection of hyper or hypoglycemia events. Only invasive and minimally invasive glucose sensors are currently commercially available. However, during the last couple of decades, work towards the development of a non-invasive glucose monitor has increased significantly among research groups with motivating results. Many techniques have been studied and implemented, each with their particular advantages and challenges. This paper presents a qualitative review of different technologies of non-invasive glucose sensors: spectroscopy-based methods, transdermal extraction-based methods, fluorescence, electromagnetic variations and polarimetry. This study identifies strengths and opportunities of currently available glucose monitoring techniques, as well as main characteristics and performance variables for an ideal non-invasive monitor. The most promising approaches towards the development of a truly non-invasive and clinically accurate glucose sensor are discussed.