Isolation and Characterization of Bio-Degrading Bacteria from Soil Samples (original) (raw)
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2016
A total of 422 bacterial isolates were obtained from the lead (Pb) ore in northeastern Iran. The Pb tolerances of these strains were studied using microbroth serial dilution approach and 35 strains could grow up to 3250 ppm Pb concentration. Of these strains, 10 of them represented qualitatively high levels of Pb adsorption and were selected for quantitative studies. Strain AS2 which is phylogenetically related to genus Bacillus showed the highest level of Pb remediation. The effects of different factors, including pH, initial Pb concentration, temperature and inoculum size, were studied on the remediation process. Pb remediation capacity was reached at 74.5 mg/g (99.5 % of initial Pb) at pH 4.5, temperature 30°C, inoculum size 1.0 % (v/v) and an initial Pb concentration of 500 ppm after 24 h. Pb desorption capacity of strain was 66 %. The novel isolate could remove 98 % of Pb from the contaminated industrial wastes after 24 h. Pb uptaking to the cell surface was proven using scanning electron microscopic micrograph and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Most Pb removal efficiency was observed in the active cell culture as compared to the inactive cell and extracellular polymeric substances. The novel strain represents a good candidate for removal of environmental anthropogenic Pb pollutions.
Soil, the basic resource for the life on earth is getting polluted because of the release of different contaminants into it. So, the reduction of soil pollution is the main thrust of most researchers. The contaminants include different components released from different industries and the waste is getting accumulated in the soil because of improper processing. Electronic waste is the most up growing waste in the world. As the electronic industries are progressing the waste that is produced after the usage of the products is also increasing day by day. As a result, the heavy metals which are the main components in electronic goods leach and accumulate in the soil because of informal processing procedures. Poisonous substances such as lead, tin, mercury, cadmium and barium which are the constituents of the electronic goods get discharged into the environment and cause serious health and pollution problems if the electronic waste is not processed properly. The present study focuses on biosorption of lead, an important component of many electronic goods by Bacillus licheniformis isolated from E-waste dump yard soil in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The adsorption studies were carried out using Atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. The adsorption capability of Bacillus licheniformis with different metal concentrations ranging from 10ppm to 25ppm was analyzed and it was observed that the bacteria could reduce 74.94% of 10ppm, 78.9% of 15ppm, 83% of 20ppm and 89.39% of 25ppm lead from the medium. Temperature has a prominent role in metal adsorption by bacteria. At 31 0 C and 37 0 C the adsorption was high. The % of metal adsorbed at 16 0 C was 30.56%, at 31 0 C (Room Temperature) was 56.54 % at 37 0 C was 58.79% and at 60 0 C it was 36.31%. The present study is proposed to explore bacteria for the determination of their tolerance capacity in and around the areas of Hyderabad where heavy metal ions are leached and observe for their biotransformation capabilities.
International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics
Soil environment is a major sink for a multitude of chemicals and heavy metals, which inevitably leads to environmental contamination problems. Various human activities including agricultural, urban or industrial, or landfilling are major contributors to heavy metal contamination in the environment. Since landfilling is one of the ultimate waste disposal methods, the generation of leachate is inevitable. Leachate from landfill is highly heterogeneous and consist high amount of heavy metal. Subsequent movement of the leachate into the surrounding soil, ground water or surface water could lead to severe pollution problems to and cause toxicity to human and other living organisms. Microorganisms has the ability to solubilize the metals (or increase their bioavailability) via the production of siderophores and adsorb the metals in their biomass on metal-induced outer membrane proteins and by bio precipitation. Therefore this study aimed to remediate heavy metal in leachate contaminated soil from a closed non-sanitary landfill in Kuala Lumpur. Preliminary soil and leachate characterization revealed high amount of metal contaminants as compared to the prescribed limit by local and international standard. Total of eighteen microbes were isolated from the contaminated site and were grouped into two treatments, proteobacteria and non-proteo bacteria. Comparison between the treatments revealed that proteobacteria (Treatment A) were performing higher metal removal activity compared to non-proteobacteria (Treatment B) and control (Treatment C). Out of four metals tested in this study, three of the metals (As (71.86%), Ni (50.8%), Al (87.15%)) were removed significantly by the addition of Treatment A. Highest metal removal rate constant was obtained for Al at 0.02 day-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of microbes, namely proteobacteria to leachate contaminated soil can remove the heavy metal content at a significant rate.
Bacterial Removal of Lead and Mercury Elements from Water using Pseudomonasaeruginosa in vitro
Applied microbiology: open access, 2020
Background: Environmental pollution is the presence of a pollutant in the environment: air, water and soil, which may be lethal or toxic and will cause harmful to living things in the polluted environment. Thus removal of these toxic heavy metals from waste water is of crucial importance to protect the human population and the environment. The aim of the present study was to determine the capability of decreasing high concentrations of lead and mercury, in a laboratory experiment using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 which was obtained from National Public Health Laboratory or The Stack Medical Laboratories. Method and results: P.aeruginosa was cultivated in Peptone water and incubated for 48 hours. Different concentrations of heavy metal (Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ ) were made in 30 ml of distill water, 5 ml of cultivated peptone water was added to each concentrations of heavy metals separately, incubated for 7 days at 37°C. Colorimetric method was done using ƛmax (520-540) nm to detect the absorbance of heavy metal (Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ ) respectively. Absorbance was read before and after cultivation. The results of absorbance before cultivation were recorded. In the table for Pb 2+, and for Hg 2+ , the absorbance of Pb 2+ after cultivation were revealed reduction which indicates removal of Pb 2+ from solution and also absorbance of Hg 2+ was decreased as result of removal Hg 2+ from solution. The mean and Std. Deviation of concentration of (Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ ) after cultivation were calculated by using SPSS. The results generally showed that Pb 2+ and Hg levels were diminished in all the samples due to P. aeruginosa cultivation. It was concluded that P. aeruginosa assisted in removing harmful pollutants (lead and mercury) from water by uptake and accumulation of heavy metal from the water sample. It is recommended that further studies should be carried out to get rid of bacteria.
2020
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as a biosorbent for biosorption of lead from heavy metal contaminated gold mining soil of Anka, in Zamfara State. The effects on the degree of biosorption by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied: these include Contact time, pH, Temperature, Biomass load and Agitation speed. The effects of contact time were studied at 24, 48, and 72h. Results show highest uptake (98.3%) of lead at 48h and the least (97.8%) at 24h. Effect of pH studied at pH 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, with pH 6 recording the highest lead removal of 99.0% while pH 3 recorded the least percentage biosorption. The effect of Temperature was studied at 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 0 C, the highest percentage biosorption (99.3%) recorded at 55⁰C and the lowest 98.1%) was at both 35 and 45⁰C. Effect of biomass load was studied using different volumes (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5ml) of the innoculum: generally the values obtained did not show variation with change in biomass load. Effect of agitation speed was studied at 2000, 2500, and 3000rpm; the highest lead removal was at 2000 rpm. Biosorption of heavy metals is an excellent technology and represents a potentially cost-effective way for heavy metal decontamination from the environment.
Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology
Excessive lead accumulation is a severe concern for the environment as its toxicity is associated with soil microbial diversity, agricultural production, and human health. Physico-chemical methods of remediation of lead from the existing environment are generally costly and also not efficient due to the production of another form of the toxic compound. Bioremediation has been now considered the most efficient method to remove heavy metals from the surrounding by using microorganisms and plants. Microbes are generally more resistant than any eukaryotic organism and act as a key player in mitigating lead toxicity. The absorption and accumulation of toxic metals by bacteria exhibit many metabolically related and independent processes. Biotransformation, biosorption, precipitation, and encapsulation are the most efficient strategies opted by the microbial system to remediate lead metal from wide sources such as soil, sludge, and wastewaters to clean the environment. Genetically improved bacterial strains have good efficiency and have multiple modes of remediation from soil and other industrial waste. However, environmental biotechnology has not yet explored many aspects of the interaction between metals and microorganisms, and further development and applications are needed to deliver the non-toxic form of lead into the ecosystem. This review also highlights the potential of lead-resistant bacteria used as a biosensor for lead contamination sites.
Lead (Pb) bioaccumulation; genera Bacillus isolate S1 and SS19 as a case study
2017
Lead (Pb) includes a group of large heavy metal in nature was toxic either on animal or human and did not provide an advantage function biologically. Bacillus isolates S1 and SS19 known resistant to lead up to 50 mg / L PbCl2. In this research will be examined whether genera Bacillus isolates S1 and SS19 could accumulate metal lead (Pb), their capability in accumulating and profile protein differences when the bacteria genera Bacillus isolates S1 and SS19 get exposed metal lead (Pb). Inoculum at age ± 9 hours are used, with a Nutrient Broth (NB) containing 50, 75 and 100 mg / L PbCl2. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP) used to assessed Pb2+ concentrations. Bioaccumulation levels of Pb2+ by Bacillus isolate S1 and SS19 related to the distinction of beginning concentration to the final concentration. Bacillus isolate S1 achieved 53% and 51% bioaccumulation efficiency rate in lead presence concentration (75 and 100 mg/L) and 51% (50 mg/L). Another way Bacillu...
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2020
Toxic metal contamination in soils due industrialization is nowadays a concern to the scientists worldwide. The current study deals with the evaluation of response and tolerance by isolated metallophilic bacteria in different lead concentrations (100 ppm to 1000 ppm). By taking optical densities of the isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pb 2+ were determined.16S rRNA and MALDI-TOF MS were used for the identification of the bacteria. Total of 37 isolates were observed, among them 04 (Staphylococcus equorum, Staphylococcus warneri, Bacillus safensis and Bacillus thuringiensis), isolated were detected having efficacy of Pb 2+ tolerance and sequestration at varying MIC. Furthermore, B. thuringiensis was observed to have highest (900 ppm) tolerance for lead and lowest (500 ppm) for Staphylococcus warneri. Moreover, the highest (65.3%) sequestration potential has been observed for B. thuringiensis and least (52.8%) for S. warneri. The tolerance and sequestration potential properties of these isolated species can be utilised to exterminate heavy metals and reduce their toxicity from the contaminated environment.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2015
This research aimed to study lead accumulation and the type of rhizobacteria associated with maize grown in the lead-contaminated area of Klity village, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. The results showed that lead concentrations in different tissues were roots > shoots > grains. The highest lead concentration was recorded on day 120 (54.31, 110.67 and 4.79 mg•kg-1 in shoots, roots, and grains, respectively). The lowest lead concentration was recorded on day 40 (27.80 and 71.90 mg•kg-1 in shoots and roots, respectively) with no detectable lead in the grain. Results indicate that lead concentration in grains on day 120 of the experiment exceeded the European Union Standard (0.2 mg•kg-1), which might not be safe for human consumption but did not exceed the standard as animal feed (30 mg•kg-1). This research found four species of bacteria that could grow in soil at a lead concentration exceeding 3,600 mg•kg-1 , namely Bacillus sp. B26, Pseudomonas sp. S169, Pseudomonas putida strain RW10S2, and Bacillus subtilis strain SM10.
International Microbiology, 2019
The potential of indigenous bacterial strains to accumulate three metals (Cr, Ni, Pb) was exploited here to remediate the polluted environment. In the present study, metal resistance profiles identified three most potential isolates which could tolerate 700-1000 μg/ml of Ni, 500-1000 μg/ml of Cr, and 1000-1600 μg/ml of Pb. These three bacterial strains were identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. MB339, Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361, and Staphylococcus sp. MB371. UV-Visible and atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) analysis revealed gradual increase in percentage accumulation with increase in time due to increased biomass. Quantitative assessments exhibited maximum removal of Cr (83.51%) by Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361, Pb (85.30%), and Ni (48.78%) by Stenotrophomonas MB339, at neutral pH and 37°C, whereas Staphylococcus sp. MB371 sorbed 88.33% of Pb at slightly acidic pH. The present study therefore supports the effective utilization of indigenous bacteria for comprehensive treatment of metal-rich industrial effluents.