Introduction: Supporting tobacco cessation – from health policy to health system reorientation and patient care (original) (raw)
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TOB-G: Tobacco Cessation Guidelines for High risk Populations
Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 2016
Foreword welcome to the eNSP Tobacco Control Conference The European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP) has been active in tobacco control since 1997 and for the last 19 years has been playing an important role in setting and influencing policies at a European and international level. Spearheading ENSP activities and projects are national representatives, organisations, academics, doctors, lawyers, health care professionals, experts and activists who always worked together to fulfil the objectives and mission of ENSP. ENSP is the only truly pan-European network active in tobacco control being the key grassroots organisation in implementing the World Health organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) at a European level. This was acknowledged by the WHO-FCTC-Conference of Parties during the session in Uruguay (November 2010) when ENSP received FCTC observer status. It is almost impossible to talk about FCTC in Europe without mentioning the involvement of at least one ENSP member. This united and collective effort is the essence, the heart and soul of the "Network" concept: each link makes the chain stronger; each node adds value to the structure. This added value is not only found in the strength of the partnership but also on a scientific level in everything ENSP does: its core activities, its EU projects but also its new scientific journal, "Tobacco Prevention & Cessation". Tobacco consumption remains the single largest avoidable cause of premature death in Europe, responsible for 700,000 deaths every year, and is the most significant cause of health inequalities. It is an interesting time for our work in tobacco control, as the world recognises that the most effective policies are those based on scientific studies and solid evidence. Therefore, this year the conference is dedicated to three main topics: reSearCh-Research and science represent the base for lobby and advocacy activities. On 5th April, a special session is dedicated to the European research and Public Health Projects dealing with different tobacco control topics. In all those projects, ENSP is acting as a knowledge and networking hub, being a real support for researchers and partners involved in the projects' implementation. PreveNTioN-Next year ENSP celebrates 20 years of activities dedicated mainly to prevent tobacco consumption in Europe. During the conference, a series of workshops, plenary and parallel sessions aim to highlight its accomplishments based on constant guidance resulting from WHO FCTC and MPOWER strategies. TreaTmeNT-Wednesday April 6th is fully dedicated to the WHO-FCTC Art. 14's implementation in Europe and we bring together, in a special training session, more than 50 experts from Armenia, Georgia, Romania, Russia and Ukraine, partner countries under the EPACTT Project developed in partnership with Global Bridges-Healthcare Alliance for Tobacco Dependence Treatment. The above-mentioned topics demonstrate the diversity and complexity of our Network, which is dedicated to tobacco control in Europe. Furthermore, the International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases has joined forces by sponsoring two symposiums on Thursday 7 April, reinforcing the importance of academic and scientific research in our work. Bringing together more than 170 experts from over 30 countries, this Conference is a new step ahead in accomplishing our two top priority objectives as stated in our Statute: • To have the WHO-Framework Convention on Tobacco Control implemented in Europe by 2020 • To reduce the prevalence of tobacco use in Europe to below 5% by 2040. During the conference, as you discover and meet special guests and speakers from the Academic and European Institutions, World Health Organization, national authorities and well known non-governmental organisations involved in tobacco control at regional, national and international level, we hope you have the chance to share your experiences and insights pertaining to various facets of tobacco control. On behalf of ENSP members and Secretariat, we are honoured to invite you to our Tobacco Control Conference in Brussels, the capital city of Belgium and Europe, and would like to thank you, as well as all the presenters, without whom this event would not be possible, for your work, your dedication and your loyalty.
Public health aspects of tobacco control revisited
2010
The tobacco epidemic presents a major public health challenge, globally, and within Europe. The aim of the Public Health Work Stream at the 2nd European Workshop on Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation for Oral Health Professionals was to review the public health aspects of tobacco control and make recommendations for action. The paper reports on the size of the tobacco challenge; from the associated mortality and morbidity to the prevalence of exposure to, and use of, tobacco. It provides a review of progress on tobacco control measures, as monitored by the World Health Organisation, and the impact of multiple influences on tobacco use. Every member of the dental team was considered to have a role as a public health advocate in promoting health and preventing disease in order to address health inequalities. A range of evidence-based approaches to tobacco control from clinical practice through to public policy are advocated, using the principles of the Ottawa Charter, recognising the multiple determinants of health. Tackling the tobacco epidemic may require a paradigm shift in oral healthcare. Therefore, key resources for health professionals on tobacco control are discussed and the implications of the findings for research, policy and practice in Europe are explored.
Tobacco treatment and prevention: what works and why
Respiratory care, 2009
Tobacco abuse is one of the main reasons that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Many people kick the habit easily, while others struggle through a difficult cycle of addiction. Respiratory therapists often have contact with patients with chronic lung disease who want to quit smoking but do not know where to begin. Smoking bans and clean air laws are in place across the United States, but this is not enough for a complete tobacco treatment and prevention program. For any successful disease-management program, tobacco-control education and support must be included. Studies show that when pharmacologic interventions are used along with the appropriate counseling and other resources, the success of tobacco cessation increases. This must be understood, because if the regulatory efforts of our governing bodies are not enough and if patients do not receive the care that is essential for disease management and rehabilitation, th...
Tobacco use: prevention, cessation, and control
2006
OBJECTIVES The RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center (RTI-UNC EPC) systematically reviewed the evidence on (a) the effectiveness of community- and population-based interventions to prevent tobacco use and to increase consumer demand for and implementation of effective cessation interventions; (b) the impacts of smokeless tobacco marketing on smoking, use of those products, and population harm; and (c) the directions for future research. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Applied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane libraries, Cochrane Clinical Trials Register, Psychological Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts from January 1980 through June 10, 2005. We included English-language randomized controlled trials, other trials, and observational studies, with sample size and follow-up restrictions. We used 13 Cochrane Collaboration systematic reviews, 5 prior systematic reviews, and 2 meta-analyses as the foundati...
Health, 2010
Despite ongoing efforts to reduce tobacco smoking, the smoking prevalence in many countries has remained stable for years. This may be a consequence of either lack of knowledge about effective ways to reduce smoking, or failing treatment of tobacco addiction in healthcare. This study explored gaps in the current understanding of smoking cessation and the challenges facing tobacco addiction management in order to formulate recommendations for future research and healthcare practice. A narrative review was written to determine areas in which more research is needed as well as areas in which sufficient knowledge is already available. Recommendations for future research were prioritised using a Delphi-procedure. Recommendations for healthcare practice were confirmed by expert's assessment. Smoking is not widely acknowledged as an addiction and a relatively small number of smokers ask help from a healthcare professional when trying to stop smoking. Most healthcare professionals recognise the importance of advising patients to stop smoking, but experience certain barriers to actually do this. Overall, healthcare professionals need to be convinced that tobacco smoking is an addiction and should be treated likewise. If all healthcare professionals systematically advise their patients to give up smoking, eventually more smokers will successfully stop smoking.
Supporting smoking cessation: a guide for health professionals
2012
The RACGP Supporting smoking cessation: a guide for health professionals Tobacco smoking is a worldwide threat to human life. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 5.4 million people died prematurely in 2008 from tobacco related diseases and, on current trends, this number will increase to 8 million deaths each year before 2030. Eighty percent of these deaths will occur among people in the developing world. 14 Fortunately, in Australia the prevalence of tobacco smoking has decreased. The proportion of people aged 14 years and over smoking tobacco daily in 2010 was 15.1%, down 16.6% from 3 years previously. 1 While rates remain much higher in the indigenous population than in the rest of the Australian population, the first statistically significant decline in smoking rates for Indigenous Australians was seen between 2002 and 2008, from 53% to about 50% respectively. 2 Australia is a signatory to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a worldwide effort to control the effects of tobacco smoking on human health. 15 The framework is the world's first public health treaty and commits governments to enacting a minimum set of policies, which are proved to curb tobacco use. These include bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, clear warning labels, smoke free policies, higher prices and taxes on tobacco products and access to, and availability of, smoking cessation services. It also encourages international cooperation in dealing with cigarette smuggling and cross border advertising. As a result of changes in public policy and changing community attitudes to tobacco, the status of tobacco smoking is gradually shifting from a socially acceptable behaviour to an antisocial one. 16 With the advent of national tobacco control policies and programs, the prevalence of smoking in Australia is among the lowest of any nation. 17 While Australia's level of smoking continues to fall and is the third lowest for OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, 18 Indigenous Australians are still more than twice as likely as non-Indigenous Australians to be current daily smokers. 2 The importance of smoking cessation was reinforced in the report of the National Preventative Health Taskforce, which stated that the evidence for interventions to reduce smoking is strong and has accumulated over many years. The report made several key recommendations on improving advice from health professionals, including ensuring all smokers in contact with health services are routinely asked about their smoking status and supported to quit. 19 National Preventative Health Taskforce. Key action area 6: Tobacco control 19 Ensure all smokers in contact with health services are encouraged and supported to quit, with particular efforts to reach pregnant women and those with chronic health problems. Ensure all state or territory funded healthcare services (general, maternity and psychiatric) are smoke free and protecting staff, patients and visitors from exposure to secondhand smoke, both indoors and on facility grounds.
Progress and Opportunities in Tobacco Control
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2006
Much progress has been made in reducing tobacco use in the United States. Despite the continuing challenges of tobacco control and the massive burden of illness, death, and economic costs caused by tobacco products, there are now unprecedented opportunities to prevent and treat tobacco dependence through a combination of interventions that have proven effective at both the population and individual levels. This report briefly reviews population trends in tobacco use by youth and adults, describes some of the policy measures that have proven effective in comprehensive tobacco control, and discusses the role of clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of tobacco dependence in patients.
2008
Tobacco Harm Reduction” is taken to mean encouraging and enabling smokers to reduce their risk of tobacco-related illness and death by switching to less hazardous smokeless tobacco products. In practical terms, enhancement of current policies based on the premise that all tobacco products are equally risky will yield only small and barely measurable reductions in tobacco-related illness and death. Addition of a harm reduction component, however, could yield a 50% to 80% reduction in tobacco-related illness and death over the first ten years, and a likely reduction of up to 90% within 20 years. These projections are based on the expectation that a significant number of smokers will continue to smoke and the knowledge that risk of death from lung cancer continues for decades after the smoker has stopped smoking. The literature review and bibliographic references that stand behind these projections are to be found in this AAPHP White Paper. American Association of Public Health Physici...