Dynamic Shift in the Verb Semantics: A Case of Some Four-Letter Verbs (original) (raw)
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The aim of this paper is to discuss different properties of lexical and light verbs in English. The focus is on the verb give. We notice that, at least, in English, both lexical and light verb give are ditransitive verbs; that is, a triadic verb which takes three-arguments. Moreover, the light verb give can optionally take only two arguments, so it is ditransitive but it can become transitive; a dyadic verb. Furthermore, the light verb give can only be a transitive verb when it has just two obligatory arguments.
2015
verbs and their relationship to transitive ones, and also considers the active-inactive type of argument linking (3.4). Section 4 deals with further argument linking types for transitive verbs: the inverse type (4.1), the salience or voice type (4.2), the positional type (4.3), and the generalized case type (4.4), the latter comprising accusative, ergative and split systems, and the possibility of dative. Section 5 considers ways of marking special semantic classes of verbs lexically. Section 6 discusses how a third argument is integrated, and thus extends the typology of section 4. It deals with the semantic decomposition of ditransitive verbs (6.1) and general principles of constraining it (6.2), considers serial verb constructions and noun incorporation as argument-reducing operations (6.3), turns to constructions where the recipient is treated like the object of a transitive verb (6.4) or differently from the object of a transitive verb (6.5), and closes with a new look on the E...
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Verbs have their morphology (i.e., their structure in terms of inflection and derivation), syntax (i.e., their arrangement or position in a phrase, clause, or sentence) and semantics (i.e., their meaning in phrase, clause, or sentence). We could see that a great number of learners tend to make mistakes in the use of verbs in a sentence. Some learners fail to know whether a verb is transitive or intransitive (or rather what comes after a verb). Others tend to ignore their meanings (or rather, they fail to know whether a verb denotes an action/process or denotes states). A few of them commit mistakes in terms of inflected forms. As a consequence, we can see that a great number of learners tend to have problems when it comes to speaking and writing English language. In this regard, we propose extensive reading to expand vocabulary and language exposure.
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2016
A principal aspect of a language analysis is the investigation of the structure of words and their organization into the grammar of a language. A language satisfies the communicative needs of the society and people using it when certain rules are observed in the production of linguistic expressions. Lexical category is a unit of classification of words in the grammar of a language and serves to portray the unique configuration properties of certain words and word classes. This paper surveys an aspect of word categorization in Ẹdo language (lexical category) with special focus on the properties of the verb as a member of this class. Illustrations will be provided in the paper to justify first of all the dichotomy between different classes of words in the language (lexical vs functional) and the place of the verb in the category of words known as ‘lexical’. The findings of the paper will show that the verb possesses rich morphological, syntactic and semantic features that justify its ...
2 The Paradigmatics and Conjugation of Verbs
2014
This chapter examines different issues connected with verb form systems, which are important also for the discussion of other verb categories (mood and voice). We will discuss the main principles of conjugation (without going into a more detailed discussion of conjugation groups), the category of tense (without going into the construction and use of tense forms), and the person category. There is no additional discussion of the Latvian system of participles here, as these are already discussed in the description of verb forms (for a discussion of Latvian participles, see, for example, Mathiassen 1997, 146-158). Like the noun, in terms of its grammatical features, the Latvian verb presents a typical Indo-European verb system with a wide variety of forms. The Latvian verb possesses the categories of person, tense, mood, and voice; in a sentence it usually takes the function of the predicate (see, for example,
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English Studies, 2012
This study analyses the semantic component of English phrasal verbs, that is, lexicalized combinations of a verb and a particle which function semantically and syntactically as a single unit, but to varying degrees. More specifically the investigation focuses on how these structures have developed non-compositional readings over time, given that such meanings were not available in the early stages of the language. In the light of data from the Helsinki Corpus, ARCHER 1 and the Corpus of Late Modern English Texts Extended Version, different types of semantic change are described, changes by which means phrasal verbs have developed non-transparent meanings, including several forms of metaphorization, the addition of aspectual/aktionsart particles, specialization, reduction, creation of brand new combinations and changes in the real world. After this, the question of whether phrasal verbs have undergone a process of idiomatization is discussed. The main conclusion is that if idiomatization is understood as a semantic process which occurs within lexicalization and/or grammaticalization and causes the obscuration of meanings of combinations, then it can be maintained that phrasal verbs have undergone idiomatization.
Lexicalization of light verb structures and the semantics of nouns
Catalan journal of linguistics, 2004
In this study I shall focus on two Romance idiomatic patterns and the semantics of nouns. It is shown that idioms, in addition to having distinct basic argument structure representations, are formed in syntax by various instantiations of Merge. It is argued that there is a lexicalization pattern reflecting semantic conflation between cause and degree. This pattern, in syntactic terms, is the output of subsequent Merge operations (Chomsky 1995) between the object noun of a monadic argument structure, an indefinite quantifier and an adjunct phrase. The study of this lexicalization pattern is of interest with regard to the semantics of bare nouns, especially of bare count singular nouns in object position; it is proved that bare nouns are interpreted as properties, and, because of this, they permit quantification over degrees. By contrast, there is a second lexicalization pattern starting from a composite argument structure which licenses an individual or a kind denoting reading for the DP object.