Intestinal microbiota – a possible contributor to cardiovascular diseases? (original) (raw)
Related papers
THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA ON CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW (Atena Editora), 2023
Introduction: The gut microbiota plays a key role in human health, influencing various physiological processes in cardiovascular health. Objective: To analyze the scientific research that investigates the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular health, in particular the existing evidence on how the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects the development of cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: Articles relevant to the work were selected, including clinical trial, meta-analysis, literature review and systematic literature review, through the platform's data base PubMed, using the keywords "Gut microbiota" and "Heart disease". Results: The studies investigated different aspects of the relationship between intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular health, including the influence of intestinal dysbiosis, microbial diversity, metabolites produced by the microbiota and the immunological mechanisms involved. The results suggest that alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Conclusion: Based on the integrative literature review, there is growing evidence that the gut microbiota plays a relevant role in cardiovascular health. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this relationship can provide important insights for the development of new therapeutic strategies and interventions based on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota. However, further studies are needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish effective interventions to improve cardiovascular health through manipulation of the gut microbiota.
Effects of Gut Microbiota on Cardiovascular Diseases
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences
Micro-organisms have always been a part of the ecosystem. In fact, they play a major role in balancing metabolism as they colonize the system. In the past two decades, studies about the human micro biome has been elevating and still continuing as it is perceived as a possible threat to health status or also could be promising and hope filling in novel therapeutics in the mere future. Despite many on-going debates about the relationship of gut bacteria to the physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases, it has been simultaneously established through ample amount of reports and studies conducted both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we will be stressing on several studies emphasizing on the gut micro biome, their role in influencing the physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases while also reflecting CVD as a global health burden, factors affecting the differences in gut microbiota, gut dysbiosis and its effects on the hosts’ metabolism, the intervention of probiotics in balancing...
The influence of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases—a brief review
Porto Biomedical Journal, 2021
Lately, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important mediator of the development and the outcomes of certain diseases. It's well known that the gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health. Still far from being completely understood and analyzed is the complexity of this ecosystem, although a close relationship between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been established. A loss of diversity in the microbiota will lead to physiological changes, which can improve inflammatory or infection states like atherosclerosis and hypertension, the basic pathological process of CVD. Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites are new and promising strategies for the treatment and prognosis of CVD.
Gut microbiota: a new marker of cardiovascular disease
Current pharmaceutical design, 2017
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the major cause of death in the developed countries. Moreover, the cardiovascular risk factors leading towards the development of CVD, mainly type 2 diabetes and obesity, are on the rise. The current preventive and therapeutic management, centred on the control of traditional risk factors, is clearly not enough to stop this pandemic. Therefore, the search for new biomarkers in CVD is a priority in most clinical research programs. Currently, interest in gut microbiota has peaked due to its association with cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. The present review considers the current situation regarding the influence of gut microbiota on CVD and particularly, its influence on the main traditional risk factors that lead to CVD, such as lipids, diabetes, hypertension and obesity.
Understanding connections and roles of gut microbiome in cardiovascular diseases
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2021
The gut microbiome encompasses trillions of residing microbes, mainly bacteria, which play a crucial role in maintaining the physiological and metabolic health of the host. The gut microbiome has been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). A growing body of evidence suggests that an altered gut environment and gut-microbiome-derived metabolites are associated with CVD events. The gut microbiome communicates with host physiology through different mechanisms, including trimethylamine N-oxide generation, primary and secondary bile acid metabolism pathways, and short-chain fatty acids production. The main focus of this review is to understand the association of the gut microbiome with CVD and its implications on the interactions between the gut microbiome and the host. Manipulation of the gut microbiome through specific dietary intervention is a simple approach to identifying novel targets for therapy or better dietary recommendations, and new preventi...
The Gut Microbiome and Cardiovascular Disease
Cureus, 2021
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently the leading cause of death worldwide. Although many well-known conditions cause CVD, recent research has suggested that alterations to the gut microbiome may also promote CVD. The gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of bacteria, some of which in large numbers are considered to be part of a healthy gut microbiome profile. These "good" bacteria have the ability to process and digest complex carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SFCA). These SCFA serve as signaling molecules, immune-modulating molecules, and sources of energy. However, with gut dysbiosis, there is an overgrowth of certain bacteria and these bacteria overly produce phosphatidylcholine, choline, and carnitine into the waste product trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Elevated TMAO levels are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, and stroke. Therefore, introducing therapeutic interventions that alter a dysbiotic gut profile back to a healthy gut microbiome may be the key to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease in some conditions. The purpose of this review is to critically examine and consolidate the relevant information bearing on this concept. Our goal is to provide the informational framework for the possible use of microbiome modification as an optional therapeutic modality.
Recent advances in modulation of cardiovascular diseases by the gut microbiota
Journal of Human Hypertension
The gut microbiota has recently gained attention due to its association with cardiovascular health, cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, and non-communicable diseases. One critical question is how the composition of the microbiota contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Insightful reviews on the gut microbiota, its metabolites and the mechanisms that underlie its contribution to CVD are limited. Hence, the aim of this review was to describe linkages between the composition of the microbiota and CVD, CVD risk factors such as hypertension, diet, ageing, and sex differences. We have also highlighted potential therapies for improving the composition of the gut microbiota, which may result in better cardiovascular health.
Cardiovascular Research
The human gut microbiota is the microbial ecosystem in the small and large intestines of humans. It has been naturally preserved and evolved to play an important role in the function of the gastrointestinal tract and the physiology of its host, protecting from pathogen colonization, and participating in vitamin synthesis, the functions of the immune system, as well as glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, among others. Mounting evidence from animal and human studies indicates that the composition and metabolic profiles of the gut microbiota are linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, particularly arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. In this review article, we provide an overview of the function of the human gut microbiota, summarize, and critically address the evidence linking compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiota with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease and discuss the potential of strategies for therapeutical...
The Gut Microbiota (Microbiome) in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Therapeutic Regulation
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. Recent studies revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the host body. CVDs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and patients favor death over chronic kidney disease. For the function of gut microbiota in the host, molecules have to penetrate the intestinal epithelium or the surface cells of the host. Gut microbiota can utilize trimethylamine, N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and primary and secondary bile acid pathways. By affecting these living cells, the gut microbiota can cause heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease. Previous studies of the gut microbio...
Bridging the Gap between Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Nutrients, 2017
The human gut is heavily colonized by a community of microbiota, primarily bacteria, that exists in a symbiotic relationship with the host and plays a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis. The consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet has been shown to induce gut dysbiosis and reduce intestinal integrity. Recent studies have revealed that dysbiosis contributes to the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by promoting two major CVD risk factors-atherosclerosis and hypertension. Imbalances in host-microbial interaction impair homeostatic mechanisms that regulate health and can activate multiple pathways leading to CVD risk factor progression. Dysbiosis has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis through metabolism-independent and metabolite-dependent pathways. This review will illustrate how these pathways contribute to the various stages of atherosclerotic plaque progression. In addition, dysbiosis can promote hypertension through vascular fibrosis and an alt...