Pesticide Effects on Beneficial Insects........................................36 (original) (raw)
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Impact of Pesticides on Beneficial Insects in Various Agroecosystem: A Review
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Beneficial insects play a vital role in natural pest control and pollination in agricultural crops. The use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural areas is harmful to both natural enemies and pollinators. Pesticides impair the survival of a variety of life cycle stages, limit reproductive capability, alter host fitness for parasitising or predation, reduce parasitoids' emergence from sprayed host eggs, and cause direct death. When natural enemies are decreased, pest population dynamics, such as resurgence and secondary pest eruption, may suffer even more devastating repercussions. Pollinator decline decreases agricultural yield. This study intends to investigate the side effects of synthetic and botanical pesticides on beneficial insects in order to provide a foundation for future research into the detrimental effects of synthetic and botanical pesticides on these insects. This information will aid in optimising pesticide use in integrated pest management programmes by implemen...
Effect of pesticides on beneficial insects by product
Guide to effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms, 2017
In reality I would think not many and so I have put together the following as an initial starting point in relation to this. Currently there appears to be very little information on the toxicity of insecticides, miticides, and fungicides to the numerous species of predators and parasitoids that can occur on turf areas. Encouraging natural enemies to colonize and sustain themselves is an important element of integrated pest management (IPM).
World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science, 2019
In order to achieving sustainability, integrated pest management (IPM) represents a remarkable improvement over previous conventional approaches, so optimizing the effectiveness of the entomophagy activity of natural enemies of pests is a determining factor. IPM does not necessarily require the suppression of insecticides, but rather affects the need to reduce their dependence, by eliminating unnecessary applications. However, the correct integration of chemical and biological control is essential part of sustainable pest management, for which a correct interpretation of the impact of insecticide treatments, is required. In IPM agroecosystems a great proportion of non-target insects are mainly affected by sublethal dose/ concentration values. A sublethal dose/concentration defined as inducing no apparent mortality in the experimental population. The effects induced have been described affecting biology, physiology, or behavior of individuals or populations that survive to the exposure to a toxicant at lethal or sublethal dose/concentration. The set of behavioral modifications provides insects with an escape mechanism from the toxic effects of pesticides, which has been called behavioral resistance, as the first barrier or detoxification mechanism. For the correct integration of insecticide applications and biological control, the influence of the insecticide side effects on beneficial insects should be evaluated. Recent studies suggest that, as in both conventional olive / IPM orchards, these species frequently show behavioral resistance, while in organic crops, their populations lack it. There seems to be a close relationship between the application of insecticides and the development of behavioral resistant populations. This finding has suggested establishing a practical procedure based on the realization of smallscale field applications, to subsequently monitor beneficial insect reactions, useful for identifying ecological agroecosystems. The implications of the implementation of this new methodology are discussed.
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
Chemical control of pests is a common practice in agriculture. There are enormous pesticides of both chemical and biological nature used around the globe to minimize crop losses. Agriculture in developing countries suffers most because of high incidence of various pests. In India, estimated annual production losses were in millions. Although chemical pesticides are well known for their effectiveness, their impact on soil and environment, and presence of residue in food products are matters of concern. In addition to this there exists poor appropriate and alternative framework to the use of pesticides besides having full-fledged pesticide legislation. It is important to understand the crucial issues like what are the agriculture crop production issues of using pesticides, and alternative frameworks that could help to solve the problem? Lastly, there are certain gaps in data on pesticide production and use, structure of pesticide industry, regulations for registration, quality assessm...
Pesticide selectivity list to beneficial arthropods in four field vegetable crops
Selectivity of pesticides to beneficial arthropods is a key data for the implementation of IPM program. In the context of field vegetable crops, a set of 16 fungicides, 16 herbicides and 13 insecticides commonly used in Belgium were tested on 5 indicator species: the parasitic hymenoptera Aphidius rhopalosiphi (De Stefani-Perez) (Hym., Aphidiidae), the aphid foliage dwelling predators Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Col., Coccinellidae) and Episyrphus balteatus (Dipt., Syrphidae) and the ground-dwelling predators Aleochara bilineata (Col., Staphylinidae) and Bembidion lampros (Col., Carabidae).
Insecticidal Exposures Modulates the Beneficial Insect's Biodiversity in Agroecosystem
Tropical Agroecosystems
Beneficial insects have inevitable contributions for pollination and natural pest control in agriculture. But farmers are struggling to boost up the crop production with chemical application in controlling insect pests enormously without knowing the ultimate consequences. Asia covers 59% of the world’s total insecticide usage. Insecticidal exposures share different modes of action with parasitoids and predators. They affect the survival of insects, reduce the capacity of reproduction, change insect behavior, alter the host’s availability for parasitism or predation, and sometimes cause direct death. Among the different pesticides, clothianidin and pyridaben recorded in decreasing 86.44% and 83.54% of the honeybee population (86.44 and 83.54%) indicating their toxicity to the bee pollinators reduction. Dimethoate causes the total mortality of aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. while Azadirachtin showed 40.43% emergence rate at the dose of LC25 for both the male and female insects, and p...
Impact of some new generation insecticides on soil arthropods in rice maize cropping system
The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology
Background: Soil is the backbone of agriculture, and soil arthropods and earthworms are one of the key factors for maintaining soil physical characters. Densities of these populations are also an indicator of soil fertility. Several insecticides are now applied in field to manage different borer insects and get deposited in soil. They may exert impact on the inhabitants of soil. Methods: Seven different insecticides chemistry were evaluated to find out the impact (if any) on soil arthropods and earthworms in field condition. Simultaneously, richness of soil arthropods was enumerated using pitfall trap. Result: The arthropod diversity present in the experimental site has 92.58% richness of class insecta population; of which the order hymenoptera accounts for 57.34%. Other than class insecta, representatives of class arachnida, diplopoda, chilopoda, annelida, and crustacea are also recorded. Rynaxypyr, cartap hydrochloride, fipronil, and chlorpyrifos showed no significant detrimental effect on the collembola population present in soil. Then, 27.65% and 13.47% reduction of collembola population was noted in the case of carbofuran-and phorate-treated plot. Several minute soil arthropods recorded during experiment includes minute ants, beetles, and soil oribatid mites pseudoscorpions. No appreciable toxic effect was noticed by the insecticides on the basis of mean population count over control. Carbofuran recorded the highest population of earthcasts (15.59% more over untreated check), while imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and phorate showed negative impact. Imidacloprid showed maximum toxicity toward the redworm. Further, 33.14% reduction of population was recorded by imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos which also showed toxicity toward Eisenia fetida L, while rynaxypyr and fipronil recorded more population over control. Cartap hydrochloride, carbofuran, and phorate did not pronounce toxic impact on redworm. Conclusion: Collembola population was less sensitive toward rynaxypyr, cartap hydrochloride, fipronil, and chlorpyrifos. Imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and phorate showed negative impact on earthworm.