Overview of the next quarter century vision of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (original) (raw)
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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2 (2023) 100121, 2023
Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), whose exhaust pipes emit nothing, are examples of zero-emission automobiles. FCEVs should be considered an additional technology that will help battery-powered vehicles to reach the aspirational goal of zero-emissions electric mobility, particularly in situations where the customers demand for longer driving ranges and where using batteries would be insufficient due to bulky battery trays and time-consuming recharging. This study stipulates a current evaluation of the status of development and challenges related to (i) research gap to promote fuel-cell based HEVs; (ii) key barriers of fuelcell based HEVs; (iii) advancement of electric mobility and their power drive; (iv) electrochemistry of fuel cell technology for FCEVs; (v) power transformation topologies, communication protocols, and advanced charging methods; (vi) recommendations and future prospects of fuel-cell HEVs; and (vii) current research trends of EVs, and FCEVs. This article discusses key challenges with fuel cell electric mobility, such as low fuel cell performance, cold starts, problems with hydrogen storage, cost-reduction, safety concerns, and traction systems. The operating characteristics and applications of several fuel-cell technologies are investigated for FCEVs and FCHEVs. An overview of the fuel cell is provided, which serves as the primary source of energy for FCHEVs, along with comparisons and its electrochemistry. The study of power transformation topologies, communication protocols, and enhanced charging techniques for FCHEVs has been studied analytically. Recent technology advancements and the prospects for FCHEVs are discussed in order to influence the future vehicle market and to attain the aim of zero emissions.
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In recognition of the harmful effects of typical gasoline automobile emissions, the scientific community is turning to environmentally benign energy sources. Despite the abundance of renewable energy sources, hydrogen is the most effective one for use as automobile fuel. Like electricity, hydrogen is a powerful energy carrier capable of carrying large quantities of energy. The capacity of the vehicle's onboard hydrogen storage must be taken into account while developing fuel cell cars. This research looks at a recent advancement in hydrogen fuel cell engines to investigate the practicality of utilising hydrogen as a primary fuel in transportation systems, A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that produces energy by reacting chemical gases and oxidants. The fuel cell separates the cation and anion in the reactant in addition to using anodes to produce power. Reactants are compounds employed in fuel cells that cause a chemical reaction that results in the production of water as a byproduct. Hydrogen is one of the most efficient energy carriers, therefore the fuel cell can provide direct current (DC) electricity to run the electric car. A hydrogen fuel cell, batteries, and a control system along with methods can be used to make a responsible hybrid vehicle.
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The hazardous effects of pollutants from conventional fuel vehicles have caused the scientific world to move towards environmentally friendly energy sources. Though we have various renewable energy sources, the perfect one to use as an energy source for vehicles is hydrogen. Like electricity, hydrogen is an energy carrier that has the ability to deliver incredible amounts of energy. Onboard hydrogen storage in vehicles is an important factor that should be considered when designing fuel cell vehicles. In this study, a recent development in hydrogen fuel cell engines is reviewed to scrutinize the feasibility of using hydrogen as a major fuel in transportation systems. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that can produce electricity by allowing chemical gases and oxidants as reactants. With anodes and electrolytes, the fuel cell splits the cation and the anion in the reactant to produce electricity. Fuel cells use reactants, which are not harmful to the environment and produce wa...
Development Trends and Popularization Scenario for Fuel Cell Vehicle
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The Toyota FCHV-adv that was released in 2008 has a cruising range in actual driving conditions of more than 500 km and can be started in temperatures as low as -30°, thereby overcoming two of the major obstacles to the practical adoption of FCVs. Toyota is continuing to resolve technical issues to popularize FCVs. For example, Toyota aims to reduce the cost to about 1/20 by further development work. In addition to improving commercial appeal, the widespread adoption of FCVs depends on the establishment of basic hydrogen infrastructure. Toward 2015, Car manufactures including Toyota are continuing to cooperate with governments and energy businesses to establish infrastructure and make the necessary modifications to laws and regulations. This article summarizes the technical progress for FCVs
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The consumption of massive quantities of these fossil resources leads to extreme warming, air pollution, and the depletion of the ozone layer. Hydrogen can be the most promising source of renewable energy. Hydrogen fuel cells can produce electricity by allowing chemical gases and oxidants as reactants. The entire technology is environmentally friendly and produces water as a byproduct. The benefits of hydrogen and fuel cells are numerous but will not be fully apparent until they are in widespread use. Hence the usage of hydrogen as fuel in the fleet of cars will boost energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse pollution. For using hydrogen fuel cells in the road transport sector, the viability of the hydrogen energy network needs to be evaluated appropriately, and its tools, manufacturing processes, storage, fuel transport, dispensing, and consumption should be analyzed. This research discusses the key issues of elevated rates of environmental pollution in numerous urban areas and tran...
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Global transportation possesses have compelling rationales for reducing the consumption of oil, emissions of carbon dioxide, and noise pollution. Transitions to alternative transportation technologies such as electric vehicles (EVs) have gained increased attention from the automotive industries. A fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) occupying a hydrogen engine is one of the most stupendous technologies, since it is suitable for a large-scale transportation. However, its performance limitations are in question due to voltage degradation in long term operations through steady conditions under constant load and dynamic working conditions. Other drawbacks of using fuel cells in EVs are energy balances and management issues necessary for vehicle power and energy requirements. An efficient solution to accommodate driving behavior like dynamic loads comprises of hybridizing PEMFCs with energy storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries. This opening chapter reviews the projected gist ...