Biosurfactants prevent in vitro Candida albicans biofilm formation on resins and silicon materials for prosthetic devices (original) (raw)
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Biosurfactant Production and its Role in Candida albicans Biofilm Inhibition
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2020
Biosurfactants are surface active compounds, which may be of microbial, animal or plant origin. They are typically less toxic and less persistent than the synthetically derived surfactants. The current study intended to analyze the biosurfactants production and its antagonistic activity against Candida albicans biofilm formation. Isolation of biosurfactant producing organism was carried out using swab sample of human vagina and from oil contaminated soil samples. Isolates were screened for biosurfactant production by using oil spread assay and the organisms showing higher activity were selected. The Emulsification assay was done and the E24 was found to be 20.83% for cell free extract of growth medium of isolate B1.The selected isolates were further studied for yield of biosurfactant produced by cultivation in MRS broth and extraction by chloroform and methanol (3:1) extraction. The yield of biosurfactant for isolate B1was found to be4.55gl-1 .Theextracted biosurfactant was separated by TLC and identified to be a lipopeptide by FTIR spectroscopy. The isolate with maximum yield of biosurfactant was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum using VITEK II Compact System for microbial identification system. The percentage biofilm inhibition activity of the biosurfactant was studied by CFU assay followed by adhesion assay and by pre-coating experiment. On the basis of above studies, it concludes that use of biosurfactant producing organism can be effective weapon against colonizing opportunistic C. albicans and can be applied in medical devices for inhibition of biofilms formation. Microbial adhesion also decreased from 85% to 11% with78.125 to 2500 µg/ml of biosurfactant. The lipopeptide extracted from isolated isolate B1 also showed powerful penetration capacity in the biofilm and killed 91% C. albicans as seen by CFU assay and a highest inhibition at 2500µg/ml and 1250µg/ml concentration as studied by pre-coating experiment.
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2011
This study evaluated the effects of glycolipid-type biosurfactant produced by Trichosporon montevideense CLOA72 in the formation of biofilms in polystyrene plate surfaces by Candida albicans CC isolated from the apical tooth canal. Biofilm formation was reduced up to 87.4% with use of biosurfactant at 16 mg/ml concentration. It has been suggested that the interaction with the cell or polystyrene plate surface could ultimately be responsible for these actions. Therefore, the interaction of C. albicans CC cells with the biosurfactant, as well as the corresponding thermodynamic parameters, have been determined by isothermal titration calorimetry and zeta potential measurements. This process is endothermic (( int H • = +1284 ± 5 cal/mg OD 600 ) occurring with a high increase of entropy (T( int S • = +10635 cal/mg OD 600 ). The caloric energy rate data released during the titulation indicates saturation of the cell-biosurfactant at 1.28 mg/ml OD 600 . Also, the zeta potential of the cell surface was monitored as a function of the biosurfactant concentration added to cell suspension showing partial neutralization of net surface charge, since the value of zeta potential ranged from −16 mV to −6 mV during the titration. The changes of cell surface characteristics can contribute to the inhibition of initial adherence of cells of C. albicans in surface. The CMC of the purified biosurfactant produced from T. montevideense CLOA72 is 2.2 mg/ml, as determined both by ITC dilution experiments and by surface tension measurements. This biomolecule did not presented any cytotoxic effect in HEK 293A cell line at concentrations of 0.25-1 mg/ml. This study suggests a possible application of the referred biosurfactant in inhibiting the formation of biofilms on plastic surfaces by C. albicans.
Biosurfactants as inhibitors of the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture
Biosurfactants have gained more attention in the past decade as possible medical resources. They are useful therapeutic agents againstmany infections because of their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Additionally, the anti-adherent activities of thesecompounds counter to a number of pathogens suggest that they could be useful as an anti-adherent coating for medical inserts, helpingto prevent infections in hospitals without the use of chemicals. This study aims to investigate the antiadhesive activities of biosurfactantsextracted from Lactobacillus brevis and Bacillus sp. against seven clinical pathogens. Biosurfactants at different concentrations wereapplied to polystyrene surfaces, and then the attachment of pathogenic strains was evaluated. The adhesion of microbes to n-hexadecanewas also studied. As a result, the bacterial strains with 50 mg/ml of Lactobacillus brevis biosurfactant displayed a 69–73% reduction inadhesion. In contrast to the first biosurfactant...
Current Microbiology, 2011
Different groups of biosurfactants exhibit diverse properties and display a variety of physiological functions in producer microorganisms; these include enhancing the solubility of hydrophobic/water-insoluble compound, heave metal binding, bacterial pathogenesis, cell adhesion and aggregation, quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Candida sphaerica was grown in a low cost medium, consisting of distilled water supplemented with 9% refinery residue of soybean oil and 9% corn steep liquor, for 144 h at 28°C and 150 rpm. The cell-free supernatant obtained at the end of the experiments was submitted to extraction, and afterward the biosurfactant was isolated using methanol with a yield of 9 g l -1 . The critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactant was found to be 0.25 mg ml -1 with a surface tension of 25 mN m -1 . Several concentrations of the biosurfactant (0.625-10 mg ml -1 ) were used to evaluate its antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities against a variety of microorganisms. The biosurfactant showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus oralis (68%), Candida albicans (57%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis(57.6%) for the highest concentration tested. Furthermore, the biosurfactant at a concentration of 10 mg ml -1 inhibited the adhesion between 80 and 92% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus sanguis12. Inhibition of adhesion with percentages near 100% occurred for the higher concentrations of biosurfactant used. Results gathered in this study point to a potential use of the biosurfactant in biomedical applications.
Life Science Informatics Publications, 2018
Biosurfactant s is amphipathic molecules and mainly excretions by micro-organisms outside the cells, and sometimes attached to the cells, mostly during growth on water immiscible substrates. They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Hydrophilic parts can comprise amino acids or peptides, phosphate, alcohol and mono- di- or poly-saccharides. Hydrophobic parts comprise unsaturated or saturated fatty acids [1]. Biosurfactant s prefer to proliferate at the point where fluid phases interface with various polarity. They are capable of reducing surface and interfacial tension [1]. Biosurfactant s can potentially be utilised as therapeutic agents because they are safe and have antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral functions. They disturb the membranes which results in an increase of the membrane permeability, followed by cell lysis and loss of metabolites. These compounds are able to affect adhesion properties of microorganisms, by partitioning at the interfaces [2]. Probiotics have been known to alter the adhesive ability of other bacteria through the production of biosurfactant s able to modify hydrophobic interactions [3]. Gan et al [4] found that a biosurfactant containing collagen binding proteins derived from L. fermentum RC-14 was able to inhibit staphylococcal binding to surgical implants. It is generally recognised that biosurfactant s prevent pathogenic organisms from adhering to solid surfaces and infection sites. Rodrigues et al [2] described specific anti-adhesive-activities of rhamnolipids derived from P. aeruginosa, glycolipids that originated from S. thermophilus and surfactants derived from L. lactis against many bacterial and yeast strains isolated from voice prostheses. A study by Gan et al. [4] analysed the use of L. fermentum RC-14 and L. rhamnosus GR-1 on a silicone surgical implant model in rats. L. fermentum and its associated biosurfactant could inhibit surgical implant infection with S. aureus, the first evidence that a probiotic strain may be useful in combating infections in vivo. Biosurfactant s can potentially be used for interfering with biofilm formation because they alter the microbial interaction with interfaces [5, 6]. Biofilms are organised microbial communities bound to a surface. Separate micro-bound organisms in biofilms are entrenched in a matrix of usually slimy extracellular polymers, and typically show a phenotype that is varies distinctly from that of planktonic cells [7]. The majority of micro-organisms are present in biofilms bound to surfaces and not as planktonic (free-living) organisms. They are protected from stress factors and can survive in non-optimal conditions [8]. Another characteristic of biofilms is their lower susceptibility to antimicrobial agents compared to planktonic forms. Clinical importance are antifungal agents like amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole, an
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2009
In this work, two biosurfactant-producing strains, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, have been characterized. Both strains were able to grow at high salinity conditions and produce biosurfactants up to 10% NaCl. Both extracted-enriched biosurfactants showed good surface tension reduction of water, from 72 to 26-30 mN/m, low critical micelle concentration, and high resistance to pH and salinity. The potential of the two lipopeptide biosurfactants at inhibiting biofilm adhesion of pathogenic bacteria was demonstrated by using the MBEC device. The two biosurfactants showed interesting specific anti-adhesion activity being able to inhibit selectively biofilm formation of two pathogenic strains. In particular, Escherichia coli CFT073 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 biofilm formation was decreased of 97% and 90%, respectively. The V9T14 biosurfactant active on the Gram-negative strain was ineffective against the Gram-positive and the opposite for the V19T21. This activity was observed either by coating the polystyrene surface or by adding the biosurfactant to the inoculum.
Anti-adherent and antifungal activity of synthetic and organic adhesive polymers on >i/i biofilms
ANTI-ADHERENT AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ORGANIC AND SYNTHETIC ADHESIVE POLYMER ON CANDIDA ALBICANS BIOFILMS The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of synthetic and organic adhesive on Candida albicans biofilms. Prevention and management of Candidaassociated denture stomatitis have been widely studied but still looking for an irrefutable mechanism. In the last years, the innovative application of Cyanoacrylates and Fibrin Sealant derived form Snake-venom with antimicrobial purposes has caught attention in medical fields. These coating materials could act directly on the applied surface causing cytopathic or cytotoxic effects on cells and microorganisms. Fibrin sealant and cyanoacrylates with different hydroxyl chains were coated on rectangular specimens (2-3µm Ra) and inoculated with Candida albicans SC5314 (1.10 7 cells/mL) for 24 h. They were submitted to colony-forming units (CFU/mL) quantification assay, Colorimetric assay XTT and one specimen of each group was analyzed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for a qualitative analysis. The data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn´s multiple comparisons tests (p<0.05). According to the CFU assay a growth reduction was observed in Octyl-Cyanoacrylate, Conventional Ethyl-Cyanoacrylate, Gel Ethyl-Cyanoacrylate and Butyl-Cyanoacrylate groups with 87, 84, 71 and 60 % respectively. The XTT assay demonstrated a decreased metabolic activity in Octyl-Cyanoacrylate (70%) and Conventional Ethyl-Cyanoacrylate (61%). The Confocal Images showed a reduced fungal colonization in all Cyanoacrylate groups with no sign of non-viable adhered cells on Octyl-Cyanoacrylate. Based on these findings, an anti-adherent effect against Candida albicans can be achieved by coating Octyl-Cyanoacrylate and Conventional Ethyl-Cyanoacrylate on heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Furthermore, more tests must be held on in order to understand the anti-fungal effect.
Biosurfactants as Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Agents
2017
Microbial surfactants, so-called biosurfactants, have attracted attention as potential substitutes for, or as additions to, currently used antimicrobial compounds, mainly for biofilm infection control. Biofilm cells show greater resistance to antimicrobials and host defense mechanisms than their planktonic counterparts, mainly by polymeric matrix barrier formation. Thus, conventional interventions with antimicrobials to eradicate biofilms are frequently ineffective. There are two current antibiofilm technologies, focused on targeting the biofilm-forming process or on modifying the biomaterials used in medical devices to make them resistant to biofilm formation. Biosurfactants may prevent or delay the formation of biofilms on medical devices owing to their interfacial and/or antimicrobial properties. Also, these biomolecules have potential use in formulations of drug-delivery nanocarrier systems, including liposomes and polymer-based carriers. Therefore, in this chapter, the features...
Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies, 2012
Background: The use and potential commercial application of biosurfactants in the medical field has increased during the past decade. Their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities make them relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases and as therapeutic agents. In addition, their role as antiadhesive agents against several pathogens indicates their utility as suitable anti-adhesive coating agents for medical insertional materials leading to a reduction in a large number of hospital infections. In the present study the ability of the Lactobacillus acidophilus biosurfactant to inhibit the Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm on Foley catheter and microtiter plate wells were investigated. Materials and Methods: The surfaces were coated with biosurfactant solution, subsequently the tested bacteria were inoculated to the surfaces. Quantification of biofilm was performed by a spectrophotometric method (measuring the optical density (OD540)), which measures the total biofilm biomass, including bacterial cells and extracellular matrix. Results: The amounts of biofilm were determined after 24 hr of incubation. biosurfactant layers caused a marked inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation on microtiter plate well (OD= 0.227) and Foley catheter (OD= 0.112) compare with uncoated surfaces (OD= 0.439, 0.297 respectively), similar antiadhesive activity were obtained on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm, as the amount of biofilm formation on microtiter plate well (OD=0.118) and Foley catheter (OD=0.099) were reduced markedly when compare with uncoated surface (OD=0.213,0.188 respectively). The biofilm amount formed by Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were reduced by 48.2% and 44.6 % on microtiter plate wells and 62.2% and 47.3% on Foley catheter respectively, after coating those surfaces by biosurfactants. Conclusions: Biosurfactants have the potential to be used as a preventive strategy to delay the onset of pathogenic biofilm growth on catheters and other materials, thus may lowering the large number of hospital infections without the use of synthetic drugs and chemicals.
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2011
In the last years, researches developed with biosurfactants for application in the medical area have been revealing the promising biological activities of these biomolecules. In this work the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties of a biosurfactant Rufisan isolated from the yeast Candida lipolytica UCP 0988, growth in a medium supplemented with ground nut refinery residue was determined against several microorganisms. The biosurfactant was able to reduce the water surface tension from 70 to 25.3 mN/m and showed a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.03%. The biosurfactant was isolated after 72 h of fermentation and was tested in concentrations varying from 0.75 to 12 mg/l. The highest antimicrobial activities were observed against Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mutans NS, Streptococcus mutans HG, Streptococcus sanguis 12, Streptococcus oralis J22 at a concentration superior to the biosurfactant critical micelle concentration. Moreover, the biosurfactant showed anti-adhesive activity against most of the microorganisms tested. As far as we know, this is the first compilation of data on antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activities of a biosurfactant obtained from a Candida strain against such a broad group of microorganisms. The results obtained in this work showed that the biosurfactant from C. lipolytica is a potential antimicrobial and/or anti-adhesive agent for several biomedical applications.