Resumo De Tese: Valorisation of Agricultural Waste Through Pyrolysis in the Production of Biochar (original) (raw)
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Pyrolysis and wood by-products of species from the Brazilian semi-arid region
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Poultry manure (PM) chars were obtained at different temperatures and charring times. Chemical−physical characterization of the different PM chars was conducted by cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) 13 C NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. CPMAS 13 C NMR spectra showed that the chemical composition of PM char is dependent on production temperature rather than on production duration. Aromatic and alkyl domains in the PM chars obtained at the lowest temperatures remained unchanged at all heating times applied for their production. The PM char obtained at the highest temperature consisted only of aromatic structures having chemical nature that also appeared invariant with heating time. Thermogravimetry revealed differences in the thermo-oxidative stability of the aromatic domains in the different PM chars. The PM char produced at the highest temperature appeared less stable than those produced at the lowest temperatures. This difference was explained by a protective effect of the alkyl groups, which are still present in chars formed at lower temperature. The analysis of the chemical and physicochemical character of poultry manure chars produced at different temperatures can increase understanding of the role of these materials in the properties and behavior of char-amended soils.
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales
Los sistemas agroforestales son una alternativa para la producción agrícola y forestal ante la pérdida de recursos naturales, que resulta de la necesidad de producir alimentos, que propicia el aumento de la frontera agrícola, y reduce los periodos de barbecho. En dos sistemas agroforestales, un monocultivo de café y un bosque de niebla en el municipio de Huatusco, Veracruz, se recolectó un total de 36 muestras a las profundidades 0-10, 10-20 y 20-30 cm, en ellas se determinó: densidad aparente (DAP), capacidad de campo (CC), punto de marchitamiento permanente (PMP), materia orgánica (MO), N inorgánico, N total, P, bases intercambiables, pH y capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC). Respecto al monocultivo, los suelos de cafetales y del bosque evidenciaron una disminución de la DAP y de la acidez del suelo; un aumento de las concentraciones de MO, N y de la CC, así como del PMP. El valor de la CIC fue muy alto en todos los suelos y en los que se tuvo mayor concentración...
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Biossistemas, 2009
This article is dedicated to describe the fast pyrolysis plant of biomass PPR-200 settled at UNICAMPSchool of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI). This fast pyrolysis plant, the first in Brazil to produce oilwith fluidized bed reactor , began operating in 1998 with studies in a reactor for gasification, adaptedto obtain bio-oil.Currently, PPR-200 operates with a 200 kg h-1 biomass capacity, and is used toconduct exploratory testing with various vegetable raw materials, such as sugar cane trash andbagasse, elephant grass, sawdust from wood, rice straw, coffee straw, orange bagasse, etc.. Around15% of biomass is burnt to provide heat to the process. The remainder turns into the followingproducts: bio-oil (20-40%), fine charcoal (20-30%), extract acid (10-15%) and pyrolysis gas (15-35%).The pyrolysis gas is composed mainly by CH4, the H2, CO and CO2.
Archives of Environmental Protection, 2015
Anaerobic digestion residue represents a nutrient rich resource which, if applied back on land, can reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and improve soil fertility. However, dewatering and further thermal processing of digestate may be recommended in certain situations. Limited applicability of digestate as fertilizer may appear, especially in winter, during the vegetation period or in areas where advanced eutrophication of arable land and water bodies is developing. The use of digestate may be also governed by different laws depending on whether it is treated as fertilizer, sewage sludge or waste. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of thermal treatment of solid fraction of digestate by drying followed by pyrolysis and gasification. Pyrolysis was carried out at the temperature of about 500°C. During this process the composition of flammable gases was checked and their calorific value was assessed. Then, a comparative analysis of energy parameters of the digestate and t...
2021
Brazil generates substantial quantity of poultry litter waste because of its worldwide prominence in the production of broiler chickens. The volume of the poultry litter biomass generates considerable environmental impact. The objective was to characterize the biochar produced from poultry litter residue under different conditions with the aim of determining the best residence time and temperature. Poultry litter was collected after two batches of chicken breeding. Five treatments for biochar production were carried out at a temperature of 450 °C (defined by thermogravimetric analysis TGA) and residence times of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6h. The biochar produced was assessed using proximate analysis, moisture content, gravimetric yield, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and HHV (higher heating value). The results revealed that the best conditions for biochar production was 450 °C (pyrolysis) and residence time of 0.5h, with 37.21% gravimetric yield. W...
Journal of Sustainability Perspectives, 2021
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Resíduos do processamento de peles e de carvão mineral aplicados em solo
2008
Os resíduos gerados na exploração de carvão mineral e no processamento de peles são produtos potencialmente poluentes em várias regiões do Brasil, principalmente nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. O presente trabalho foi conduzido a campo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação e da reaplicação de resíduos carbonífero e de curtume ao Cr sobre as plantas de milho e de soja cultivadas em um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico típico, na Estação Experimental da UFRGS, localizada no município de Eldorado do Sul (RS). A primeira aplicação dos resíduos foi feita no ano agrícola de 1996/97 e a reaplicação no ano agrícola de 1999/2000. As doses de resíduos de curtume variaram conforme o pH do solo e o poder de neutralização do resíduo, tendo sido adicionadas quantidades cumulativas de Cr entre 671 a 1,342 kg ha-1. A quantidade acumulada de resíduo carbonífero foi de 164 t ha-1. Foram avaliados os efeitos das aplicações dos resíduos sobre o rendimento e a absorção de N, ...
Biocarbón de cascarilla de arroz como sustrato en el crecimiento de plántulas de pepino
Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 2021
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Los suelos como reactores naturales para el tratamiento del agua residual porcina
La capacidad de los suelos como reactores naturales, depende de cada suelo y sus propiedades edáficas, tales como el contenido de materia orgánica (MO), la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y el porcentaje de arcilla (ARC), así como de las propiedades del residuo en cuestión, en este caso, las aguas residuales porcinas. Las funciones de pedotransferencia (FPT) permiten estimar un determinado proceso a partir de propiedades de los suelos de fácil medición. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: a) Generar FPT para estimar la retención y mineralización de materia orgánica disuelta (MOD) de aguas residuales porcinas (ARP) utilizando propiedades edáficas como la MO, la CIC y ARC; y b) identificar los suelos con mayor aptitud para su uso como reactores naturales para el tratamiento de las ARP por medio de un análisis multicriterio. Se tomaron muestras de 10 epipedones. Para medir la retención de MOD, se construyeron columnas de suelo de 30 cm y se realizaron tres aplicaciones de ARP. Se realizó un experimento en macetas para medir el efecto de las ARP en la evolución de carbono (Evol-C) y la mineralización potencial anaeróbica de nitrógeno (MPAN). Se efectuaron las regresiones múltiples utilizando MO (%), la CIC (cmol+ kg-1) y la arcilla (%), de los suelos, como variables independientes y la retención de MOD (medida como demanda química de oxígeno), Evol-C y MPAN, como variables dependientes. Las FPT encontradas fueron: Retención de MOD = 41.5 + (2.8*CIC) – (0.81*ARC) – (3.5*MO) r= 0.81 Evol-C = 542.3 + (20.1*MO) + (4.6*CIC) – (2.7*ARC) r= 0.96 MPAN = -8.4 + (3.45*MO) + (1.12*ARC) – (2.20*CIC) r= 0.88 Los suelos con mayor aptitud como reactor natural de las ARP fue el Luvisol (LVct) y uno no clasificado, EPI-1.