Spirit of Muhammadiyah Civilization (original) (raw)
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Philosophy of Ethics In Muslim Society
Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2022
Islamic ethics are discussed in this study from a definitional and academic standpoint. It emphasizes the necessity for Islamic ethics to be systematically relevant to modern situations, which calls for the growth of Islamic ethics as a full discipline capable of handling all obstacles, including conceptual, practical, normative, and applicative ones. According to the researcher, a proper ethics definition should cover habits, character traits, and morally significant conduct. Islamic ethics should effectively handle metaethical, normative, and practical aspects of the topic as a field of study of utmost practical importance. Islamic jurisprudence gives the finest available technique for the field to meet the needs of normativity and application, whereas Islamic ethics is drawn from revealed knowledge. The researcher contends that reducing Islamic ethics to virtue ethics is unreasonable because a detailed examination of the subject's sources would show that Islamic ethics is an integrated area that includes virtue ethics, categorical imperative theory, commission ethics, etc. The Qur'an, in particular, offers ethical insights that should guide Muslim communities' social reformers. This paper defines Islamic ethics using the Qur'an. It then examines the major issues in Islamic nations and their ethical underpinnings to emphasize Islamic ethics as a solution. This interdisciplinary qualitative study uses Qur'an thematic commentary and remedy approaches, merging sociology and ethics.
The importance and position of ethics in social life according to the Islamic doctrines
The position of morality as an instrumental, distinguishing human beings from other creatures, and with the growth and excellence of moral virtues, brings the light of faith to his heart. Obviously, the moral system of Islam is full of ethical virtues and propositions that the Muslim person by their practical implementation, have the ability to complete their religion, and take steps to reform the affairs of the world and the Hereafter. The purpose of the construction of the teachings and doctrines which Islam has made obligatory and believes in them as the foundations of Islam is nothing but proper training for the purpose of institutionalizing the good temper and the healthy and stable social relations that are right and proper in humans. Accordingly, these divine doctrines and commands must always be repeated in order to institutionalize the right ethics. The place and importance of morality in social life is that even the practice of social laws and regulations is not possible without ethics, and morality is the best guarantee of the enforcement of laws and regulations. Hence, ethical debates are among the most important goals of communicating prophets in society, and without it, neither religion will have a conceptual basis for people, nor a society without ethics will be possible. This paper deals with the descriptive analysis approach to the true position of morality from the point of view of the Quran and narrations in society .
An islamic worldview: ethics in a modern, democratic and secular state
Turkish Journal of Bioethics, 2016
Introduction: Turkey is a modern, democratic and secular state that has had much of its focus directed to the Western world, with a laïcité dominating state policy and the public square. Yet, Turkey is also overwhelmingly Islamic; Islam continues to shape its culture and its traditions. Concerns have surfaced that a growing traditional, politicized Islam is undermining Turkey's secular republican policies. But might this fear be misplaced-a misunderstanding or misconstrued notion of Islam? Might Islam be quite compatible with a modern, democratic and secular Turkish state? Islam has ethical principles and values that arise from its sacred scripture and the teachings that flow from it; taught to younger and older alike in the home, mosque, or school. Might these ethical principles and values not only be discernable, but also quite compatible, and perhaps even beneficial, for a modern, democratic and secular Turkey? This article will highlight a paradigm shift in thinking about Islam that also presents an ethical approach that is neither to be feared nor at odds with a modern, democratic and secular state. Method: A group of professors and graduate students at Ankara University, using a transdisciplinary worldview framework unfolded through a series of workshops, developed a new understanding of Islam. That new understanding also assisted them in thinking about what it means to be human in light of controversial ethical issues that arise today. Results: The worldview framework allowed participants to deepen their understanding of Islam through open discussion and by asking new questions. It revealed to them a dynamic Islam as a vision of life and a way of life, one that also explored what it means to be human in light of ethical issues pertaining to inclusion, disabilities, abortion and new medical technologies. Conclusion: A transdisciplinary worldview framework approach to Islam can present a paradigm shift for many Muslims. With its Socratic pedagogical approach it allows participants to engage in a dynamic and ongoing exploration and discussion of their ideas with others and determine for themselves their thoughts, beliefs and notions. A transdisciplinary worldview approach to Islamic ethics, or that of any other religious or secular worldview, is a valuable resource for ethics teachers. It is not prescriptive but engaging. It admits no neutrality and challenges students to deepen their Islamic faith, discern their ethical beliefs and values, and explore the sources on which they are based.
Ethics and Ethical Theories from an Islamic Perspective
International Journal of Islamic Thought
With the collapse of many organizations, many researchers are increasingly paying attention to such phenomenon. But ethical issues are not always clear cut; there are many grey areas that need to be threaded with care by organizations. To determine whether an action or decision is ethically carried out, ethical theories, developed mainly by Western scholars, are the current theoretical framework organizations have at their disposal. Theories such as relativism, utilitarianism, egoism, deontology, the divine command theory, and the virtue ethics, are all products of Western understanding of what ethics are and how they are applicable to help one's decision making process. Despite their utility, this paper intends to argue that the Western concepts and understanding of what ethics are limited and incomprehensive in explaining what is right and what is wrong. In its place, this paper argues that to understand the concepts of ethics that can extend beyond time and space. It has to be analysed from an Islamic perspective. Toward this purpose, this paper will compare and contrast between Islamic and Western perspectives of ethics, and highlight the main weaknesses and limitations of the former. Then, an argument on why Islam can provide the best understanding of ethics will be made.
The Study of Religion: Islamic Perspective
All religions are foundations for morality and belief, which should be internalized within our family and with the outside world. Religion, with its objective beliefs, is a significant part of our lives, representing a force in the public realms of society and has an external form of social control. Human has been familiar with religion for such a long time that it covers the entire recorded history of human life and goes back into the depths of prehistoric times. The different activities of the people and their different spheres of social life are still influenced by religious rites and ceremonies. It is apt to say that human nobility is the result of spiritual education of religion as it promotes acts of selflessness, humanity, charity, and responsibility on one hand and provides natural boundaries for communities to develop on the other. Therefore, many people turn to religion for encouragement in a time of pressure and they concluded that religion assists them to deal with the most stressful moments of their lives and it gives them hope to move on. Due to these reasons, we cannot ignore the role of religion if any serious attempt to consider, the future of our society, because religion made communities and built cities, caused debates, and brought people together. Thus, the role of religion has become a matter of both public and media debates. The laws God has communicated to human beings over the ages have been revealed on the level of intuitive knowledge, that is, in language that is accessible to people of all levels of intelligence. For this reason, all people of mature mind are equally accountable for their response to the basic requirements of their religion.
A Controversy Over Moral Virtue: The Problematic Interplay between Religion and Ethics in Islamic Tradition Ph.D., 2022
This Ph. D. dissertation investigates the problematic interplay between religion and ethics in Islam. Here, I argue that an ethical humanism emerged that distinguished between the ethical and the religious despite the Divine Command Theory's dominance in Islamic ethics. This humanism adhered to two unconventional principles: moral autonomy, which allows the agent to self-legislate via his rational capacity and therefore completely actualize his rational nature; and moral universalism, which makes moral values real and universal and hence transcends confessional bounds and boundaries. Ethical humanism, thus, opposed both moral heteronomy and moral relativism/particularism. To support this fundamental claim, the dissertation follows a tripartite form like a novel plot, with an introduction, a climax, and a resolution. The argument is first introduced by tracing the development of Muslim moral conscience from the early moral response to the Prophet Muhammad's call (sādiq amīn) to the later dominance of legalism, which subsumes the ethical under the religious while denying the first any autonomy. We also identified a number of ways explored by Muslim thinkers to circumvent the prevalent ethico-religious value of taqwā by appealing to some religiously neural moral values such a Murūwwa and adab. Second, we reach the climax of the uneasy interplay between religion and ethics as it builds up inside the minds of three Muslim thinkers: Ibn Muqaffaa, the litterateur and political counselor, Ibn Abi Addunyā, the tradionnist and hadith compiler, and al-Gazālī the Sufi philosopher and jurisconsult. Finally comes the resolution where the boundaries between religion and ethics were unambiguously drawn both in kalam and falsafa. The Mu’tazili mutakallimūn and the philosopher Ibn Zakaria al-Razī, albeit on different grounds, advocated for ethical humanism. As far as the episteme of the era would allow, the two held that moral values are truly universal and religiously neutral, and that the moral agent is genuinely autonomous in the sense that he needs no external commander since he is only abiding by moral principles that reflect his rational nature and which he may acknowledge as his own.
An ethical framework for the study of society according to the Quran
Religion plays a significant role in satisfying our physical as well as spiritual needs: Islam teaches us a code of behavior and gives us a meaning for our existence. Islam has unique morality of its own. It puts great deal of emphasis, for example, on equality and justice and emphasizes dignity of all human beings. We will deal with these issues in the course of this paper and its impact on social life of the human being. The main factor of the decline of Muslims and Muslim society in particular is the ignorance/illiteracy towards religion (including all affairs political, social etc). The people (ignorant) who cannot differentiate in-between what is right and wrong are always ready to accept every kind of absurdity and when not in a position of having the solution to the queries always become the target of rivals deception and seduction. The other factor is the decline or demise of the morals/ethics. We have put aside the saying in the Quran regarding good morals which our ancestors had followed thus touched the great heights. This fact is not hidden that as compared to other things, morals and ethics play a greater role in the rise and decline in the Nations. Its presence in every Nation is very important. Key words: Quran, ethics, society, Islam, morality, Muslim, women.
Observing Islam With Ethics: From Hatred Theology to Religious Ethics
QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies)
The emergence of religious phenomena that lead certain Muslim groups in Indonesia to spread hatred (religious hate speech) became the primary rationale of this article. This phenomenon occurred because some Muslim groups consider their religious understanding to be the only actual theological truth while ignoring religious ethics in a religiously plural society. Therefore, some questions were raised: Firstly, what is the conceptual structure of Islam? Secondly, what does Islam teach its believers in regards to living together within the Islamic community and living among believers of other different religions? The method of ethics was employed to analyze the two research questions by describing, analyzing, and criticizing the attitude of the Islamic movement, which spreads hatred. From this article, it is expected that Muslims should emphasize not only religious theological but also ethical truth. The findings are as follows: firstly, the conceptual structure of Islam comprises of t...