ADSORPTION: AN ECONOMICAL METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WATER (original) (raw)

Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Adsorption

Heavy Metals - Their Environmental Impacts and Mitigation, 2021

Adsorption processes are extensively used in wastewater treatment for heavy metal removal. The most widely used adsorbent is activated carbon giving the best of results but it’s high cost limits its use. It has a high cost of production and regeneration. As the world today faces a shortage of freshwater resources, it is inevitable to look for alternatives that lessen the burden on existing resources. Also, heavy metals are toxic even in trace concentrations, so an environmentally safe method of their removal necessitated the requirement of low cost adsorbents. Adsorption is a cost-effective technique and gained recognition due to its minimum waste disposal advantage. This chapter focuses on the process of adsorption and the types of adsorbent available today. It also encompasses the low-cost adsorbents ranging from agricultural waste to industrial waste explaining the adsorption reaction condition. The cost-effectiveness, technical applicability and easy availability of raw material...

Adsorption Process of Heavy Metals by Low-Cost Adsorbent: A Review

2013

In this article, the potential of various low-cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water has been reviewed. Various conventional methods for heavy metal removal such as precipitation, evaporation, electroplating and also ion exchange have been applied since previous years. However, these methods have several disadvantages such as only limited to certain concentrations of metals ions, generation large amount of toxic sludge and the capital costs are much too high to be economical. Hence, adsorption using low-cost adsorbents is found to be more environmentally friendly. Adsorption is the alternative process, for heavy metal removal due to the wide number of natural materials or agricultural wastes gathering in abundance from our environment. High adsorption capacities, cost effectiveness and their abundance in nature are the important parameters which explain why the adsorbent is economical for heavy metal removal. In this review, a list of adsorbent liter...

Removal of Heavy Metals Using Low Cost Adsorbent From Ground Water

2019

Water pollution produced due to addition of heavy metals resulting from the industrialization and Urbanization. The effluent coming from heavy metals are mostly from mining and textile industry. The heavy metals present in the wastewater is persistent and non-degradable in nature. Moreover, they are easily soluble in aquatic environment and absorbed by living cells. Thus they disturb the living organisms by entering into the food chain. If the heavy metals are more than its permissible limit then it will cause effects in living entities. Now days the ground water consist of heavy metals that percolates from industrial dumping site, run off water of roads etc. Authors have claimed adsorption to be easiest, safest and most cost-effective methods for the treatment of waste effluents containing heavy metals. The present research activity aims toward contributing in the search for cost effective or low cost adsorbents of natural origin and their applicability in recovery as well as remov...

An Overview of Adsorption Technique for Heavy Metal Removal from Water/Wastewater: A Critical Review

International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

Heavy metal pollution in the environment and effects on human health is within the most important issues. Because of continuous deterioration of water quality and persisting contamination level it has been observed and concerned by the scientists. Recently, to remove heavy metals from water/wastewater using various methods has been extensively studied. In conventional technologies, heavy metal removal/remediation is provided expensive because of non-regenerable materials used and high costs. Adsorption processes are being widely performed by several researchers for this purpose and various materials have been frequently used as adsorbent. It has been proved that adsorption is an effective method for purification, because of significant advantages including stability, utility, low-cost, ease of operation and performance. As adsorption technology is reduce the heavy metal ions concentrations to very low levels and because of using various low-cost adsorbent materials including biosorbents, clays, activated carbons, zeolites, metal oxides, it has major advantages. Metal adsorption onto adsorbent material, especially on agricultural wastes is a rather complex process because it is controlled by various factors. This process includes complexation, chemisorption, adsorption-complexation on surface and pores, micro precipitation, ion exchange. When used biological materials for adsorption process, some functional groups including sulphydryl, amido, hydroxyl and carboxyl, attach metal ions from water. This paper reviews the available adsorbent materials that have been used to heavy metal removal from water/wastewater and evaluates this technique advantages. Herein, the biosorbents such as banana peel, astragalus, chestnut sheel, natural adsorbents including clay also some artificial materials, like carbon-nanomaterials, zeolites, metal oxides, are reviewed as adsorbent materials for removal of different heavy metal ions like As(V), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Th(IV) and Eu(III) from water/wastewater.

HEAVY METAL REMOVAL FROM THE WASTEWATER BY USING LOW COST ADSORBENT

—Heavy metal toxicity because of industrial waste has been a threat to the environment for the past several decades, particularly within the developing countries like India, China and Kingdom of Thailand wherever price effectiveness of the removal method may be a major factor. This industrialization has not only brought development and prosperity however eventually disturbed the system. One of the impacts is visible; in kind of pollution. Within the gift study heavy metal contamination of water bodies has been mentioned. Effluents from sizable amount of industries viz., electroplating, leather, tannery, textile, pigment & dyes, paint, wood process, crude purification, photographic material production etc., contains vital measure of heavy metals in their waste. The traditional strategies of treatment of heavy metal contamination includes chemical precipitation, chemical reaction, natural action, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, electro chemical analysis etc. These strategies square measure expensive, energy intensive and sometimes related to generation of hepatotoxicity byproducts. Thus, the adsorption has been investigated as a price effective technique of removal of serious metals from waste. In the present study numerous low cost adsorbent has been reviewed as an abatement of serious metal pollution from lignin, iron (III) hydroxide and red mud, low husks, feather palm waste, tea plant waste, sugar beet pulp, battery trade waste, ocean nodule residue and grape stalk wastes are explored for their practicableness to get rid of hepatotoxic heavy metals from contaminated water. These adsorbent includes materials of natural origin like zeolites, clay, sphagnum moss and polysaccharide square measure found to be an efficient agent for removal of toxic serious metals like lead, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Hg, Cr etc. aside from these numerous agricultural wastes like rice husk, neem bark, black gram, waste tea-coffee, walnut shell, coconut coir, coconut husk, bagasse etc. were also established as a potent adsorbent for heavy metal removal. Beside that low cost industrial by product like ash, blast furnace sludge, waste slurry. Keywords— Adsorption, Sources of heavy metals, Sources of heavy metals, Preparation of adsorbents. I. INTRODUCTION Water pollution caused because of addition of heavy metals ensuing from the commercial activities is increasing staggeringly and could be a matter of global concern. Mining, mineral dressing and metallurgic operations area unit generating effluents containing significant metals. The heavy metals gift within the waste matter is persistent and non-degradable in nature. Moreover, they are soluble in aquatic atmosphere and so will be simply absorbed by living cells. Thus, by getting into the organic phenomenon, they can be bioaccumulated and biomagnified in higher biological process levels conjointly. The heavy metals, if absorbed higher than the permissible labels, could lead on to serious health disorders. In lightweight of the facts, treatment of heavy metals containing industrial effluent becomes quite necessary before being discharged into the atmosphere. The scientists and environmental engineers area unit so facing a tricky task of cost effective treatment of waste matter containing heavy metals. The standard strategies for heavy metal removal from waste matter includes chemical precipitation, chemical reaction, activity, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, electro chemical analysis etc. These strategies don't seem to be terribly effective are costly and need high energy input. They are related to generation of toxic sludge, disposal of that renders it costly and non-eco-friendly in nature. Within the recent past, range of approaches has been investigated for safe and economical treatment of heavy metal laden waste matter. Adsorption has emerged dead set be higher different treatment strategies. it's same to be effective and economical attributable to its comparatively low value. Authors have claimed sorption to be best, safest and most efficient strategies for the treatment of waste effluents containing heavy metals[1][2]. The key good thing about adsorption method for heavy metal removal is a smaller amount initial further as operation cost, elementary style and fewer demand of management systems[3]. Generally the heavy Metals are present within the effluent at low concentrations and adsorption is suitable even once the metal ions are present at concentrations as low as 1 mg/L. This makes sorption associate economical and favorable technology for heavy metal removal from effluent. The adsorbent is also of mineral, organic or biological origin. It might be zeolites, industrial byproducts, agricultural waste, biomass and chemical compound material. one in every of the standard adsorbent, activated carbon has been extensively utilized in several applications. However, the high cost effectiveness of activation processes limits its usage in wastewater treatment processes. This analysis activity aims toward causative within the explore for price effective or low cost adsorbents of natural origin and their relevance in recovery also as removal of heavy metals from the industrial effluent[4].

Heavy Metals Removal from Wastewater by Adsorption Process: A Review

Heavy metals are toxic and detrimental water pollutant. Their presence not only affects human beings but also animals and vegetation because of their mobility in aqueous ecosystem, toxicity and non-biodegradability. Removal of heavy metals from the effluent is one of the major research carried out by researchers in the field of environment. Although different methods such as Ion exchange, precipitation, evaporation, membrane filtration and adsorption are used for heavy metals removal, adsorption process has attracted attention of many researchers because of low cost, design flexibility, and high efficiency. The present review is focused on the heavy metals removal based on the performance of various adsorbents such as natural materials, industrial byproduct, agricultural and biological waste, biopolymers and hydrogels. The objective of this study is to contribute in the search for low cost adsorbents and investigate the parameters that influence the adsorption of heavy metals on adsorbents.

Removal of hazardous heavy metals from aqueous environment by low-cost adsorption materials

Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2013

The rapid growth of the human population and industrialization in the world has indirectly increased environmental problems such as water, air and land pollution. Amongst all, heavy metals can be considered as the most problematic pollutants. Numerous efforts have been attempted to minimize the impact of heavy metals. This chapter discusses the recent developments and technical applicability of different treatment methods for heavy metal removal. The adsorption process using various lowcost materials as the potential alternative for heavy metal removal is being highlighted and summarized.

Use of Low Cost Adsorbents for the Remediation of Heavy Metals from Waste Water

The problem of water pollution is alarming due to various anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are being released in the water bodies causing heavy metal pollution and also accumulate in the food chain and ultimately affecting human health. Various activities like manufacturing of fertilizers, industrialization, mining, electroplating, smelters etc are responsible for the release of heavy metals in the water bodies. Various heavy metals include Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, and metalloids like arsenic in drinking water causes harmful effects on human health like allergies, hyper pigmentation, skin cancer, neurological disorders, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Therefore there is a need to develop and focus on methods to remove heavy metals from the waste water using techniques which are environment friendly, cost-effective and easily available in nature. Bioadsorbents have come up as one of the promising substitute for heavy metal removal because it is readily available in nature and most importantly the waste residues from agricultural activities is utilized in the manufacturing of bioadsorbent for heavy metal ion removal. Various agricultural residues used to remove metal ions are rice husk, sawdust, peanut husk, groundnut husk, wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse, pine needle, salseed husk, coconut coir, cotton stalks etc. The main objective of this paper is to study about bio-adsorbents derived from agricultural wastes and their applications to remove metal ions from waste water

PURIFICATION OF WATERS POLLUTED WITH HEAVY METALS USING ADSORPTION METHOD

Adsorption ability of adsorbents prepared on the basis of Georgian natural zeolites (clinoptilolite, mordenite) and mineral brucite in the process of purification from the heavy metals of modeled (simulated) solution similar to the acidic quarry water of Bolnisi MCM (Bolnisi Mining-Enrichment Combine, Georgia) and Kazretula River water is studied. Dependence of degree of adsorbents' adsorption on the composition of adsorbent, mutual ratio, mechanoactivation and experiment duration was studied. It was shown that in the mentioned process, adsorbent brucite:mordenite at the ratio of 1:1 is the best adsorbent taking into account practical and economic factors. This adsorbent purified a water of Kazretula River by 100 %, while modeled solution similar to the acidic quarry water were purified from copper by 93 % and from iron by 87 %.

Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Low Cost Adsorbents: A Review

—The adsorption process is being widely used by various researchers for the removal of heavy metals from waste streams and activated carbon has been frequently used as an adsorbent. Despite its extensive use in the water and wastewater treatment industries, activated carbon remains an expensive material. In recent years, the need for safe and economical methods for the elimination of heavy metals from contaminated waters has necessitated research interest towards the production of low cost alternatives to commercially available activated carbon. Therefore there is an urgent need that all possible sources of agro-based inexpensive adsorbents should be explored and their feasibility for the removal of heavy metals should be studied in detail. The objective of this study is to contribute in the search for less expensive adsorbents and their utilization possibilities for various agricultural waste by-products such as seaweed, algae, chitosan, egg shell and saw dust etc. for the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater.