Radiopacity of calcium hydroxide cement compared with human tooth structure (original) (raw)
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This study evaluated the radiopacity of different resin-based luting materials and compared the results to human and bovine dental hard tissues. Disc specimens (N=130, n=10 per group) (diameter: 6 mm, thickness: 1 mm) were prepared from 10 resin-based and 3 conventional luting cements. Human canine dentin (n=10), bovine enamel (n=10), bovine dentin (n=10) and Aluminium (Al) step wedge were used as references. The optical density values of each material were measured from radiographic images using a transmission densitometer. Al step wedge thickness and optical density values were plotted and equivalent Al thickness values were determined for radiopacity measurements of each material. The radiopacity values of conventional cements and two resin luting materials (Rely X Unicem and Variolink II), were significantly higher than that of bovine enamel that could be preferred for restorations cemented on enamel. Since all examined resin-based luting materials showed radiopacity values equivalent to or greater than that of human and bovine dentin, they could be considered suitable for the restorations cemented on dentin.
Comparative study of digital radiopacity of dental cements
Caspian Journal of Dental Research, 2014
Introduction: Radiopacity is a necessary property for luting cements . The aim of this study was to investigate the radiopacity of some luting dental cements used in prosthetic dentistry. Methods: Five disclike samples of each material (6 x 1 mm) were prepared from panavia F2.0(Pa), Chioce2 (Ch.2), Glass ionomer GC (GI GC), zinc phosphate Hoffmann’s (ZP hof), zinc polycarboxylate Hoffmann’s (ZPC hof), Glass ionomer ariadent( GI ari), zinc phosphate ariadent(ZP ari) and zinc polycarboxylate ariadent (ZPC ari). The radiopacity of each material along with aluminium step wedge were measured from radiographic images using a digital radiography. The average measured radiopacities from five areas were taken into account, which were measured by Digora for windows (DFW) software using a PSP digital sensor. Results: There was a significant difference between radiopacity value of all luting materials (P≤0.001). ZP ari had the highest radiopacity with 7.7±0.55 mm aluminium. The Glass ionomer ariadent ari dent showed the lowest radiopacity value with 0.82±0.31 mm aluminium. Conclusion: All dental cements showed radiopacity values equivalent to or greater than the ISO 4049:2000(E)standard except ariadent Glass ionomer and this could be considered suitable for use in restoration cementation.
Comparison of Radiopacity of Dentin Replacement Materials
Journal of Dental Materials and Techniques, 2020
Introduction: There are numerous commercially available dentin replacement materials but radiopacity level of these materials is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiopacity of seven dentin replacement materials in Class I cavities using a digital analysis system. Methods: TheraCal LC, Biodentine, Calcimol LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, Equia Forte, Ionoseal, and ApaCal ART were used as dentin replacement materials. Seventy molar teeth were prepared with Class I cavities and then were divided into seven groups. Each material tested was placed on floor of the cavity and then filled by Filtek Z250 composite (3M ESPE). Radiographic images were taken using an indirect digital system. Also, one discshaped specimen from each material was examined by energy-assisted X-ray spectroscopy for composition analysis. Results: Radiopacity values were significantly different among materials (p < 0.0001). Ultra-Blend Plus had the lowest radiopacity values. Calcimol LC, Equia Forte, and Ionoseal had significantly higher radiopacity levels compared to other materials and enamel. All materials demonstrated significantly higher radiopacity than dentin. Conclusions: Materials tested had different types and amounts of radiopacifier elements. Dentin replacement materials with lower radiopacity levels can create clinical challenges for diagnostic observations on margins.
Radiopacity of dental restorative materials
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2013
Objectives Radiopacity of dental materials enables clinician to radiographically diagnose secondary caries and marginal defects which are usually located on the proximal gingival margin. The aim of this study was to measure the radiopacity of 33 conventional resin composites, 16 flowable resin composites, and 7 glass ionomer cements and to compare the results with the radiopacity values declared by the manufacturers. Materials and methods From each restorative material, six 2-mm-thick disk-shaped specimens were fabricated and eight 2-mm-thick sections of teeth were made and used as reference. The material samples and tooth sections were digitally radiographed together with the aluminum stepwedge. Gray values were obtained from the radiographic images and radiopacity values were calculated and statistically analyzed. Post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test was used to calculate significant differences in radiopacity values between materials and reference dentin and enamel values.
Study of the radio-opacity of base and liner dental materials using a digital radiography system
Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 2013
Objectives: This study investigated the radio-opacity of commercially available glass ionomer cements (GICs), flowable resin composites (FRCs) and calcium hydroxide cements (CHCs) and compared this with the radio-opacity of enamel, dentine and aluminium stepwedge. 16 GICs, 8 FRCs and 4 CHCs were analysed. Methods: Three sets of three samples were prepared: 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm thickness for GIC and FRC and 1 mm thickness for CHC. Specimens of enamel and dentine with the same thicknesses were obtained. As a control, an aluminium stepwedge was used. Radiographs were taken with a digital Kodak RVG 5000 (0.32 s, 30 cm). The images were analysed using the Image Tool ® program (v. 2.
Radiopacity evaluation of Portland and MTA-based cements by digital radiographic system
Journal of Applied Oral Science, 2011
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radiopacity of Portland and MTA-based cements using the Digora TM digital radiographic system. Material and Methods: The performed tests followed specification number 57 from the American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association (2000) for endodontic sealing materials. The materials were placed in 5 acrylic plates, especially designed for this experiment, along with a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 1 to 10 mm in thickness. The set was radiographed at a 30 cm focus-object distance and with 0.2 s exposure time. After the radiographs were taken, the optical laser readings of radiographs were performed by Digora TM system. Five radiographic density readings were performed for each studied material and for each step of the aluminum scale. Results: White ProRoot MTA (155.99±8.04), gray ProRoot MTA (155.96±16.30) and MTA BIO (143.13±16.94) presented higher radiopacity values (p<0.05), while white non-structural Portland (119.76±22.34), gray Portland (109.71±4.90) and white structural Portland (99.59±12.88) presented lower radiopacity values (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that MTA-based cements were the only materials presenting radiopacity within the ANSI/ADA specifications.
Radiopacity Evaluation of Calcium Aluminate Cement Containing Different Radiopacifying Agents
Journal of Endodontics, 2011
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder) with 3 different radiopacifiers (bismuth oxide, zinc oxide, or zirconium oxide) in comparison with gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA), white MTA, and dental structures (enamel and dentin). Methods: Eighteen test specimens of each cement with thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm (n = 3) were made by using a stainless steel matrix and were adapted to a standardizing device (8 Â 7 cm) with a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 2.0-16.0 mm in thickness. To compare the radiopacity of the cements with that of dental structures, slices of first molars with a thickness increasing from 0.5-3.0 mm were obtained and placed on the standardizing device. One occlusal radiograph for each tested cement was taken, with exposure time of 0.1 seconds and focus-film distance of 20 cm. Films were processed in an automatic device, and the mean radiopacity values were obtained by using a photodensitometer. Results: Mean values showed that the thicker the specimen was, the greater was its radiopacity. Only EndoBinder + bismuth oxide (EBBO) and GMTA demonstrated radiopacity values greater than 3.0 mm of the aluminum scale for all thicknesses. When zinc oxide was used as radiopacifier agent, EndoBinder only reached the desired radiopacity with a thickness of 2.0 mm, and with zirconium oxide it was 2.5 mm. Conclusions: Bismuth oxide was the most efficient radiopacifier for EndoBinder, providing adequate radiopacity in all studied thicknesses, as recommended by ISO 6876, being similar to GMTA. (J Endod 2011;37: 67-71)
Radiopacifier Particle Size Impacts the Physical Properties of Tricalcium Silicate–based Cements
Journal of Endodontics, 2015
Objective: This study was undertaken to determine if any current materiais can prevent coronai ieal<age in the restoration of endodontic access openings in permanently fixed crowns foiiowing nonsurgicai root canal therapy. Method and materials: Sixty mandibuiar first moiars and 36 maxiiiary centrai incisors were assigned into 1 of 8 compiete-coverage crown groups. Endodontic access openings were made through the restorations and randomly placed in 1 of 5 access restorative modalities. A culture of Proteus vulgaris was placed into the coronal reservoir of each assembly of a leakage assessment apparatus for 30 days. Specimens were examined weekly, and turbidity was recorded. Results: Chi-square tests and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical evaluation, A total of 51% of specimens (41/80) demonstrated turbidity. The findings did not indicate a statistically significant association between the materials used and the presence of bacterial leakage. All-metal noble crowns demonstrated the lowest rate of turbidity (20%), and all-porcelain crowns exhibited the highest rate of turbidity (70%) among posterior teeth. Anterior teeth were more than 3.5 times as likely to exhibit bacterial leakage as posterior teeth. Conclusion: When challenged with bacteria, all materials allowed significant leakage. All-porcelain crowns demonstrated more leakage than the other types of crowns. Anterior crowns leaked the most, regardless ot crown or restoration type. (Quintessence Int 2001:32:27-32) CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Further evaluations are warranted for the identification of a leak-proof material and placement technique to restore endodontic access cavities in complete-coverage crowns.
2013
Calcium silicate based materials (also called MTA) are increasingly being used in endodontic applications. However, the handling properties of MTA are not optimal when it comes to injectability and cohesion. Premixing the cements using glycerol avoids these issues. However, there is a lack of data on the effect of common cement variables on important properties of premixed cements for endodontic applications. In this study, the effects of liquid to powder ratio, amount of radiopacifier and amount of calcium sulphate (added to control the setting time) were screened using a statistical model. In a second part of the study, the liquid to powder ratio was optimized for cements containing three different amounts of radiopacifier. Finally, the effect of using glycerol rather than water was evaluated in terms of radiopacity. The setting time was found to increase with the amount of radiopacifier when the liquid to powder ratio was fixed. This was likely due to the higher density of the radiopacifier in comparison to the calcium silicate, which gave a higher liquid to powder ratio in terms of volume. Using glycerol rather than water to mix the cements led to a decrease in radiopacity of the cement. In conclusion, premixed calcium silicate cements with acceptable properties for use in endodontic applications were produced.