The Effect of Fatigue on Free Throw Kinematic Movement in Basketball (original) (raw)
Related papers
The Effect of Fatigue on the Kinematics of Free Throw Shooting in Basketball
Journal of Human Kinetics, 2010
Fatigue is an indispensible part of a basketball game which may affect an athlete's shooting kinematics. Although kinematic analyses of various sports related movements were extensively done, this study is the first to consider the effects of fatigue on the kinematics of free throw shooting. After measuring the resting heart rate, ten collegiate level, male basketball players (21.8±1.6 y; 192.8±3.6 cm; 84.1±8.5 kg) were asked to perform free throws. Two successful and two unsuccessful free throws were selected. Thereafter, participants were asked to complete the fatigue protocol, which included 30m sprints and 5 vertical jumps at each end, until they reached volitional exhaustion. Additional two successful and two unsuccessful free throws were collected. All shots were recorded by using two digital cameras operating at 60 Hz and placed in a stereoscopic view. The elbow, trunk, knee and ankle joint angles were measured before and after the ball release and at the ball release point. The selected joint angles were compared between successful and unsuccessful free throws, as well as before and after the completion of fatigue protocol. The results demonstrated that fatigue did not effect free throw shooting kinematics (p>0.05) and there was no significant joint angle difference between successful and unsuccessful shots (p>0.05). This study suggested that high level athletes are able to cope with the possible detrimental effects of fatigue while performing coordinated movements such as free throw shooting.
2015
The main objective of this study was to establish whether fatigue has an effect on accuracy during basketball shooting. Aside from basketball shooting accuracy, two very important kinematic parameters were also examined as they have an effect on the level of accuracy during shooting: the speed of performing the actual shot and the angle at which the ball enters into the basket after a jump shot is performed. In conducting this research one examinee was observed, a member of the Croatian U16 National Basketball Team. This research included a precisely defined protocol according to which the following parameters were established: the accuracy of basketball shooting (ratio between successful and missed shots), the speed of performing the shot and the angle of entry of the ball into the basket. The physiological load was determined by performing the standardised specific protocol which the examinee performed until exhaustion. The results which were obtained indicate that there are no si...
Journal of human kinetics, 2013
Fatigue is an unavoidable part of a basketball game, which may affect an athlete's performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of upper extremity fatigue on grip strength and passing accuracy in basketball, and ascertain if the effects of different fatigue protocols on grip strength and passing accuracy are the same. Twenty-four juniors under 18 years old (age: 16.75 ± 0.62 years; body height: 184.5 ± 3.31 cm; body mass: 77.25 ± 3.22 kg) volunteered to participate in the study, and were divided into two groups. After a warm-up, both groups performed the basketball passing test and grip strength was recorded for each group under three different testing conditions: rest, 70% and 90% exercise intensity. The protocol used for the first group was the chest press, and for the second group the wrist curls. Results show that after the upper extremity fatigue protocol all parameters of the study (grip strength and passing accuracy) showed a significant decrease, and ...
Kinematic Analysis of the Basketball Free Throw in Preparation Phase of Elite Athletes
International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 2021
The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic parameters of the body for the preparation phase of the free throw to improve the efficiency and sport performances. The study includes a total twenty elite basketball players from the Kosovo Super League teams: K.B. Prishtina, K.B. Kerasani and K.B. Lipljan. Basketball shooting measurements were conducted during the training of the 2018 year. Filming of the basketball shooting techniques is done with three Canon HD cameras, set at 90-degree angles, which can reproduce sixty pictures per second. 12 variables of kinematic parameters of body were selected for analysis. Only one successful shot from each player was taken for analysis. Analysis is done with Kinematic Analysis System (APAS), outputting the required results and values of the kinematic indicators. The data collected were processed by statistical analysis software "IBM SPSS 20", and statistical parameters were determined using the methods: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum score, maximum score, Skewness and Kurtosis. The confirmation of the mutual influence of the variables was done by the Pearson's coefficients correlation method. The findings of this study show that in the preparation phase for a free throw shot in basketball, variables such as knee angle, wrist angle, thigh angle, and elbow angle have shown to be the kinematic parameters that have the greatest impact on finalizing a successful free throw in basketball. The scientific contribution of this research also provides new insights into the optimal model of basketball player performance during free-throw.
Assiut Journal of Sport Science and Arts, 2016
The aim of the research is to determine the stability degree of the skill performance through the relative change in the skill and mechanical characteristics of the movement. The plays condition was changed and they reached the fatigue stage as they do during the match through the free shooting shooting during 60 seconds. It is a test to measure fatigue during shooting. A synchronization analysis for muscle and biomechanical characteristics were usedfor the best 3 players at the aiming skill and the free shooting skill in season 2014-2015. The electrodes were placed on 8 muscles, namely, (Deltoied-poterior, antherior, Triceps brachii, Bicepbrachii, Extenor of the writ, Flex carpiulnairs, Gastrocnemius-medil, Quadricepsfemoris). Results shows significant statistical correlation between the Mean Power Frequency (MPF) index and the movement quantity index of the body weight centers during the first attempt. 45 values of values ranged between (0.751 *: 0.978 *). There was a significant statistical correlation between the Averaged EMG (AEMG) and the motor index of the body weight centers during the first attempt. 39 values with values ranged between (0.764 *: 0.997 *). Based on the results it seems that the trainers need to train their players to perform in different circumstances until their skill level is stable to overcome these conditions, so the coaches will not need to replace their tired players to perform free throw.
2008
Despite the acknowledged importance of fatigue on performance in sport, ecologically sound studies investigating fatigue and its effects on sport-specific skills are surprisingly rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate and high intensity total body fatigue on passing accuracy in expert and novice basketball players. Ten novice basketball players (age: 23.30 ± 1.05 yrs) and ten expert basketball players (age: 22.50 ± 0.41 yrs) volunteered to participate in the study. Both groups performed the modified AAHPERD Basketball Passing Test under three different testing conditions: rest, moderate intensity and high intensity total body fatigue. Fatigue intensity was established using a percentage of the maximal number of squat thrusts performed by the participant in one minute. ANOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant (F 2,36 = 5.252, p = 0.01) level of fatigue by level of skill interaction. On examination of the mean scores it is clear that following...
KINEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF FREE THROW SHOOTING SKILL IN BASKETBALL
The purpose of the study was to conduct kinematical analysis of free throw shooting skill in basketball. The subjects for the study were three intermediate level basketball players of Amity University Noida. They were photographed in the process of executing the free throw using Nikon DSLR model number D-3200. Using appropriate procedure the photographs were converted into elgons and thereafter the selected kinematic variables (Centre of Gravity, Angle at the knee at the time of shooting, Angle at the elbow at the time of shooting, Angle at the wrist at
Relationship of Kinematic Variables with the Performance of Basketballplayers in Lay-Up Shot
Citius Altius Fortius, 2009
The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between selected kinematic variables and performance of lay-up shots. Five (N=5) male basketball players who represented Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, were selected as subjects for the study. The help of digital photography was used to film the subjects in sagittal plane of lay-up shot. Joint point method was used in order to obtain the values of selected angular kinematic variables from developed stick figures. Height of center of Gravity was calculated by segmentation method. The performance in Lay-Up Shot was recorded by the scores in Lay-Up Shot, which was obtained by using a three point scale by the three judges. To determine the degree of relationship between selected kinematic variables with the performance in Layup Shot, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Method was used. The results have shown the insignificant values of coefficient of correlation incase of all the selected kinematic variables and significant relationship between the height of center of gravity at the moment of release with the performance of the subjects in lay-up shots.
Journal of sports science & medicine, 2006
Despite the acknowledged importance of fatigue on performance in sport, ecologically sound studies investigating fatigue and its effects on sport-specific skills are surprisingly rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate and high intensity total body fatigue on passing accuracy in expert and novice basketball players. Ten novice basketball players (age: 23.30 ± 1.05 yrs) and ten expert basketball players (age: 22.50 ± 0.41 yrs) volunteered to participate in the study. Both groups performed the modified AAHPERD Basketball Passing Test under three different testing conditions: rest, moderate intensity and high intensity total body fatigue. Fatigue intensity was established using a percentage of the maximal number of squat thrusts performed by the participant in one minute. ANOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant (F 2,36 = 5.252, p = 0.01) level of fatigue by level of skill interaction. On examination of the mean scores it is clear that following...