Sports Sanctions in War Situations under International Law (original) (raw)
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The Sporting Sanctions against Russia: Debunking the Myth of Sport's Neutrality
Rome, IAI, May 2022, 29 p. (IAI Papers ; 22|09), ISBN 978-88-9368-247-3, 2022
In response to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, the International Olympic Committee and international sports federations took a number of exceptional measures: among them, the exclusion of Russian and Belarusian athletes from most international sports competitions and a ban on organising events on Russian territory. These measures were officially framed not as sanctions, but rather as a way to defend the neutrality of the sporting domain. In reality, they were the result of pressures from Western governments, public opinions, sports organisations and athletes, and highlighted the constitutive entanglement between international sport and international politics at both the organisational and symbolic level. Setting an important precedent, the sanctions against Russia may carry significant implications for the governance of international sport in the future, potentially leading to greater attention to humanitarian and human rights considerations, but also to increased fragmentation.
Retos, 2021
Sports law is a relatively new phenomenon for jurisprudence in Ukraine. At present, there is no developed theoretical basis for responsibility in the field of sports in the domestic legal science. This publication is a study of world and national experience in solving this problem and is intended to be a source of further research in the field of sports law. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of legal regulation of liability in the field of sports. The object of the study is the social relations that have developed in the field of sports law. The subject of the study is the public relations that have developed in the field of sports law in relation to legal and sports-competitive liability. Philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods such as dialectical, system-structural, comparative-legal, and formal-legal methods acted as research methods. As a result of the work, the general features of legal regulation of sports sanctions in foreign countrie...
SPORT IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS EXPECTATIONS, POSSIBILITIES AND EFFECTS
The aim of this article is to show how sport can matter in international relations. Sport can be a subject or a tool of international relations. It can be used by states or geopolitical blocks to display their alleged superiority or any other desired characteristic. Governments may desire athletic victories, which are meant to imply, for example, the power of the state and its political and economic system. Participation in sport can also be used for political reasons on an international scale; a number of political objectives can be achieved by states by participating (or not) in sports events. Not only is sport affected by a country's policies, but on certain occasions sports events can influence states.
OLYMPIC RULE 50 AND POLITICAL NEUTRALITY: IS IT TIME FOR A TURNING POINT?
OLYMPIC RULE 50 AND POLITICAL NEUTRALITY: IS IT TIME FOR A TURNING POINT?, 2022
Since 1955 the Olympic Charter (OC) declares that there must be no extraneous events within the Olympic Games (OG), in particular of a political nature. The so-called Rule 50 has banned the use of the Games to externalize one's ideas. Its infringements were mostly due to symbolic behavior by athletes who were then punished despite demanding respect for fundamental human rights trampled on in many regions of the world. The first question this essay poses is: is the rule an unjustified impediment to acting for just cause? Recent international political events and in particular the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict have sparked renewed interest in the declared apolitical and neutrality of the Olympic Movement (OM) and its effectiveness in promoting peace and achieving the goals of Olympism. The second question of this essay is: is this positioning always reconcilable with real events? It will be concluded that the current rule 50 adheres to the rules of international law while neutrality should be rethought and sacrificed if it makes the pursuit of the objectives of peace and justice less effective. The two issues are independent but can act in complementary ways to pursue legitimate objectives of the OM.
Olympic sport does not ban Russian and Belarusian athletes (although there may be signs of change).
Olimpianos - Journal of Olympic Studies, 2022
On February 24, 2022, a few days after the Closing Ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games and before the Opening Ceremony of the Paralympic Games an armed conflict has started between Russia and Ukraine which was immediately followed by the condemnation of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for failure to comply with the Olympic truce. Shortly thereafter, the Executive Board (EB) recommended preventing Russian and Belarusian athletes from participating in international events to protect the integrity of sporting competitions and the safety of participants and, where this is not possible, to take all precautions to prevent those athletes from competing under the symbols of their nations. Given the exceptional circumstances that led to this recommendation, it was reiterated that for fairness no sanctions should be imposed on athletes, except in cases of active behavior in the decisions of their respective governments. On March 3, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) has announced the non-admission of Russian and Belarusian athletes to the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Games. It will be concluded that, although these are decisions formally linked to reasons for the protection of athletes and competitions, they are not adequately accompanied by justifications that recall the principles of Olympism and may not be effective as a means of promoting peace.
GYMNASIUM
For a long time in the theory of international relations, the role of sport in promoting and developing relations between different states was neglected, which attracted criticism from specialists such as, for example, Trevor Taylor. The need for studies on the role of sports movement in the development of international relations was pointed out by Peter Beck, who pointed out that the theory of international relations has kept an appreciable distance from sport. In this paper I want to fill this information gap based on a series of unprocessed documents, primary sources, found especially in the Balkan region. Sport overcame the barrier of behaviors and social processes that are based on spending free time, succeeding through the involvement of politics to become a "player" in the arena of international relations.