Development and quality evaluation of beverages from Bottle Gourd, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl (original) (raw)
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Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria ) "A Vegetable Food for Human Health"- a Comprehensive Review
2009
Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. (bottle gourd), of the family Cucurbitaceae, is a climbing perennial plant widely cultivated as a vegetable crop in tropical countries, such as India, Japan and Thailand. Fruits of which are widely used in Ayurveda and other folk medicines traditionally used for its cardioprotective, cardiotonic, general tonic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, antidote to certain poisons and scorpion strings, alternative purgative, cooling effects. It cures pain, ulcers and fever and used for pectoral cough, asthma and other bronchial disorders-especially syrup prepared from the tender fruits. The fruit is reported to contain the triterepeniode cucurbitacins B, D, G, H and 22-deoxy cucurbitacin "the bitter principle of cucurbitaceae". Two sterols i.e. fucosterol and campesterol, aerpene byonolic acid (an allergic compound), flavone-C glycosides, a ribosome inactivating protein), Lagenin, (antiproliferative, immunosuppressive, antifertility). This study is an attempt to compile an upto-date and comprehensive review of Lagenaria siceraria that covers its traditional and folk medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology.
The fruit of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley] is known for its nutritional and nutraceutical content. The main objective of this study was to characterize the no-solvent, cold-pressed, bottle gourd extract for hepatoprotective, anti-hemolytic, anti-radical activities, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The extract displayed resistance against cytotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. It exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity showing IC50 in 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging as 17.01 mg∙mL−1, and in hydrogen peroxide scavenging as 0.22 mg∙mL−1, which were comparable with those of the standards, Trolox and ascorbic acid, respectively. In the anti-hemolytic assay, the IC50 values of the extract and ascorbic acid standard were 8.70 and 4.98 mg∙mL−1, respectively. Under similar conditions, TPC and TFC were 39.22 μg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)∙g−1 dried extract and 90.66 μg RE (rutin equivalent)∙g−1 dried extract, respectively. The extract of L. siceraria exhibited hepatoprotective, anti-hemolytic and antioxidant activities establishing its use as multi-target complementary herbal drug.
The Indian Journal of …, 2012
Background & objectives: The bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is popularly known as lauki, ghia or dudhi in India. Its consumption is advocated by traditional healers for controlling diabetes mellitus, hypertension, liver diseases, weight loss and other associated benefits. However, in last few years there have been reports of suspected toxicity due to consumption of its juice. This led to the constitution of an Expert Committee by Department of Health Research at Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India in October 2010. The committee looked into the issues related to safety of consumption of bottle gourd juice, and this paper presents the findings. Methods: Information on cases of suspected toxicity due to consumption of bottle gourd juice was collected by internet search, advertising on website of ICMR and by writing to State and district health authorities as well as to medical colleges, hospitals and private nursing homes across the country. Results: Three deaths were reported, one from Delhi and two from Uttar Pradesh after consumption of extremely bitter bottle gourd juice. Three persons who died after consumption of freshly prepared bottle gourd juice or juice mixed with bitter gourd (karela) juice were over 59 years of age and had diabetes since last 20 years. This juice was reported to be extremely bitter by all three. Twenty six persons were admitted to various hospitals of the country on complaint of abdominal pain and vomiting following consumption of freshly prepared bottle gourd juice. Diarrhoea and vomiting of blood (haematemesis) was reported in 18 (69.2%) and 19 (73.1%) patients, respectively. Biochemical investigations revealed elevated levels of liver enzymes. More than 50 per cent patients had hypotension. Endoscopic findings showed profusely bleeding stomach with excessive ulceration seen in distal oesophagus, stomach and duodenum in most of the cases. All these patients recovered fully and no sequeale was recorded for any of the cases. Interpretation & conclusions: Cucurbitaceae family, of which bottle gourd is a member contains the toxic tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds called cucurbitacins which are responsible for the bitter taste. There is no known antidote for this toxicity and clinicians treat such cases symptomatically only. The Committee made the following recommendations: (i) The community needs to be educated that bitter
Nutritional and Medicinal Potential of Bottle Gourd (Lageneria siceraria): A Mini Review
Egyptian Journal of Botany
B OTTLE Gourd (Lageneria siceraria) has prevalent use as a vegetable in different parts of the world. It is an extremely advantageous resource because it comprises lots of nutritional properties required for nourishment and necessary for health. Approximately, it contains: (moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre, ash, and energy of 94.5±0. 06; 1.2±0.06; 0.2±0.02; 3.75±0.03; 0.7±0.01; 0.5±0.01; 15±0.12 %), respectively. In addition, bottle gourd is rich in minerals like calcium, phosphorous and also have a good source of dietary fibres. Recently, the attention on bottle gourd has been increasing as a nutritional element/health supplement in the diet due its function in the prevention and control of the diseases like indigestion, ulcers, stress, depression, and premature greying of hairs. In spite of this, bottle gourd also acts as a remedy for diseases like insanity, epilepsy, and nervous disorders and the fibres present in it are helpful in reduction of coronary heart diseases and diabetic occurrence. It contains high choline levels, metabolic/metabolites precursors desirable for the functions of the brain, as well as amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that help in synthesising neurotransmitters. In this review, an insight is presented on the effective properties, health-related, and other significance of bottle gourd in various food products as well as in pharmacological products.
Processing potential of bottle gourd (L. siceraria) Fruits: An overview
International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2017
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria. siceraria), a vigorous annual climbing vine with large leaves belongs to Cucurbitaceae family and known as calabash, lauki, white flowered gourd, trumpet gourd, calebassier, courage bouteille, cojombro, guiro amargo, upo, talayag, gucuzzi, zucca melon and mokwa, olo kwa. Bottle gourd fruits having the shape of a bottle are yellowish green with whiter pulp. Bottle gourd is one of the cheapest source of nutrients and potential source of natural antioxidants. The fruit is also a good source of vitamin B complex and choline along with fair amounts of vitamin C. Bottle gourd has long been an important component of indigenous herbal medicine, particularly in Asia. The fruits are traditionally used as a nutritive entity having cardioprotective, cardiotonic, general tonic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, antidote to certain poisons, alternative purgative, and cooling effects. It is also considered to be beneficial in insanity, epilepsy and other nervous diseases. Bottle gour...
The fruit-vegetable Lagenaria siceraria is well known for its ethnomedicinal applications. While other parts of the plant have been studied for their medicinal properties, its fruit pedicles have not been yet explored. The present study therefore aimed to investigate their phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant potential and alpha-amylase inhibitory properties. The bioactivities of this neglected part of the fruit were promising. Ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic content (TPC), 4.4µg/mL Gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The TPC of chloroform and n-butanolic fractions were 3.6 and 2.5 GAE, respectively. Chloroform fraction displayed the highest total flavonoid content (TFC, 295µg/mL Rutin equivalent). The trend of TFC among the fractions was chloroform > hexane > ethyl acetate > n-butanolic > aqueous. Ethyl acetate fraction was most potent as a DPPH radical scavenger, and showed notable activity even at very low concentration (IC 50 2.65mg/mL). It was more potent than ascorbic acid (IC 50 4.9mg/mL), the standard used in the study. The methanolic extract itself was more powerful than ascorbic acid. The residual aqueous fraction was the strongest inhibitor of alpha-amylase with IC 50 1.35mg/mL, which was comparable to the antidiabetic drug Acarbose (IC 50 1.26 mg/mL). The IC 50 (mg/mL) of ethyl acetate, hexane and n-butanolic fractions were 2.16,2.05 and 2.44, respectively. The findings indicated that the pedicles of L. siceraria fruits have remarkable antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory potential. Subject to verification by in vivo analysis and clinical trial, consumption of the pedicles of this fruit may be advised to diabetic people. As the aqueous fraction was the most potent inhibitor, a water decoction of the fruit part may safely be recommended for the purpose.
Antioxidant activity of various extracts of selected gourd vegetables
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2016
Study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative activity of methanolic (ME), ethanolic (EE) and butanolic extracts (BE) of selected gourd vegetables. The antioxidant activity was investigated using different assays namely ferric thiocyanate test (FTC), thiobarbituric acid test (TBA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH free radicals scavenging test. A densitometric HPTLC analysis was performed for the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Different extracts of the selected gourd vegetables revealed different antioxidant activity. Different extracts of Lagenaria siceraria, Momordica charantia and Luffa cylindrica revealed significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of total phenols, flavonids, tannins and carotenoids content and also the antioxidant activity in comparison to remaining vegetable extracts. Correlation studies indicated that FRAP test best described the antioxidant activity of phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids (r = 0.854, 0.692 and 0.915 respectively). HPTLC profiles revealed the presence of maximum number of phenolic acids and flavonoids in L. siceraria and M. charantia.
DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF BITTER GOURD-AMLA- LEMON FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGE
Bitter Gourd is an important medicinal plant widely used to treat diabetes and it is not liked by mass due to its bitterness, hence processing into beverage is essential to increase palatability and acceptability. The present study was an effort to develop a suitable formulation for preparation of functional beverage from Bitter Gourd juice by incorporating some other fruit juices namely Amla and Lemon which also possess anti-diabetic effects for diabetes and health conscious people. Six formulations of functional beverage were prepared by blending different ratios of Bitter Gourd: Lemon: Amla (13:0:0, 9:1:3, 8:2:3, 7:3:3, 6:4:3, 5:5:3). Juice blends were preserved by pasteurization (85ºC, 20 min). Results of Chemical Analysis revealed that mean values of Titrable Acidity (4.56-5.66) and Ascorbic Acid content (37.66-51.63) increased among treatments while p H (3.68-3.3) and Total Soluble Solids (6.5-5.16) decreased among treatments with the corresponding increase in concentration of lemon from 0-5%. Results of Sensory Evaluation indicated that some beverage formulations were different significantly from other formulations and control with respect to Colour, Taste, Aroma, Appearance and Overall Acceptability and some were not different significantly. Findings of Microbial Analysis revealed that there were no microbial populations on freshly prepared functional beverage. With respect to organoleptic qualities formulation T4 (6:4:3) was found to be most acceptable than other formulations and followed by T2.
Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2014
The study validated the antidyslipidemic, antioxidant, and antihyperglycemic effects of Lagenaria siceraria fruit extract in human subjects with dyslipidemia along with subjects of normal health. A total of 200 mL of freshly prepared Lagenaria siceraria fruit extract was administered daily on empty stomach for 90 days. Significant reductions ( P < .01) were found in triglycerides and total cholesterol levels in blood. Cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and atherogenicity index of plasma were also improved. Appreciable reductions in body mass index ( P < .01) and blood pressure (systolic P < .01, diastolic P < .05) along with a significant reduction ( P < .05) in fasting blood glucose levels were also observed in these subjects. Lagenaria siceraria fruit extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity in dyslipidemic subjects as evident from elevations in SOD ( P < .05) and GSH levels ( P < .01) with marked improvement in catalase ( P < .01) and T...
ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to investigate the pulp waste obtained after juicing bottle gourd (LagenariaSiceraria) fruit belonging to cucurbitacae family, into a powdered product to be used into a dietary fibre supplement. It is reported that adequate dietary fibre is essential for proper functioning of the gut and has also been related to risk reduction for a number of chronic diseases including heart disease, certain cancers and diabetes. Therefore the study was undertaken to explore whether the pulp powder rich in fiber content exhibits any therapeutic properties when consumed by type II diabetic subjects. The study was begun with determination of acceptable dose of bottle gourd pulp powder (DBPP). Thereafter the pulp powder was administered to 25 diabetic subjects every day at fasted state for a month and baseline BMI, blood pressure of and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum lipids were recorded. Administration of pulp powder resulted in remarkable lowering of trigl...