ORIGINAL ARTICLES Electrospun Gelatin Nanofibers: Effect of Gelatin Concentration on Morphology and Fiber Diameters (original) (raw)
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Electrospun Gelatin Fibers: Effect of Solvent System on Morphology and Fiber Diameters
Polymer Journal, 2007
Gelatin, a naturally-occurring biopolymer, was electrospun in the present contribution. Gelatin solutions were prepared in either single solvent system [i.e., glacial acetic acid (AA)] or mixed solvent systems [i.e., AA/ 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), AA/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), AA/ethylene glycol (EG), and AA/formamide (F)]. The electrospinning was carried out under a fixed electrostatic field strength of 7.5 kV/7.5 cm and the polarity of the emitting electrode was positive. The effects of these solvent systems on morphology and/or size of the electrospun materials were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrospinning of 15-29% w/v gelatin solutions in AA produced beads, beaded fibers, and smooth fibers, depending on the concentration range. Only smooth fibers were observed at the concentration range of 21-29% w/v, with their average diameter ranging between 214 and 839 nm. The addition of TFE as a co-solvent or another modifying liquid of DMSO, EG, or F helped improve the electrospinnability of the resulting gelatin solution. Among the three modifying liquids, DMSO and EG contributed to the formation of smooth gelatin fibers with reduced diameters when compared with those obtained from the solution in pure AA.
Turkish Journal of Engineering, 2021
Gelatin Electrospinning Nanofiber Scaffold Tissue engineering Electrospinning is a well-known technique that produces polymeric nanofibers using an electrically driven jet of a polymer solution. Due to unique properties such as high surface area, porosity, tensile strength and extensibility of the materials produced by electrospinning, several applications of them in protective clothing, space technology, filtration and tissue engineering have been proposed and investigated. In this study; we prepared gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds by using the electrospinning method for tissue engineering applications. The beads-free, smooth and uniform gelatin nanofibers were successfully fabricated. The blend solutions at different weight ratios were prepared by dissolving gelatin in a solvent mixture containing formic acid, dichloromethane and acetic acid. The fabricated nanofibers were chemically crosslinked by glutaraldehyde vapor. The crosslinked nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized by chemical and morphological analysis. The morphology and size distribution curves of nanofibers were determined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical structure of nanofibers was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The strategy based on electrospinning of gelatin nanofibers can be used to develop new biomimetic materials for tissue engineering applications.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2015
Gelatin fibers were prepared by electrospinning of gelatin/acetic acid/water ternary mixtures with the aim of studying the feasibility of fabricating gelatin nanofiber mats at room temperature using an alternative benign solvent by significantly reducing the acetic acid concentration. The results showed that gelatin nanofibers can be optimally electrospun with low acetic acid concentration (25% v/v) combined with gelatin concentrations higher than 300 mg/ml. Both gelatin solutions and electrospun gelatin mats (prepared with different acetic acid aqueous solutions) were analyzed by FTIR and DSC techniques in order to determine the chemical and structure changes of the polymer. The electrospun gelatin mats fabricated from solutions with low acetic acid content showed some advantages as the maintenance of the decomposition temperature of the pure gelatin (~230ºC) and the reduction of the acid content on electrospun mats, which allowed to reach a cell viability upper than 90% (analyzed by cell viability test using human dermal fibroblast and embryonic kidney cells). This study has also analyzed the influence of gelatin and acetic acid concentration both on the solution viscosity and the electrospun fiber diameter, obtaining a clear relationship between these parameters.
Influence of gelatin type on physicochemical properties of electrospun nanofibers
Scientific Reports
This study explores the fabrication of nanofibers using different types of gelatins, including bovine, porcine, and fish gelatins. The gelatins exhibited distinct molecular weights and apparent viscosity values, leading to different entanglement behavior and nanofiber production. The electrospinning technique produced nanofibers with diameters from 47 to 274 nm. The electrospinning process induced conformational changes, reducing the overall crystallinity of the gelatin samples. However, porcine gelatin nanofibers exhibited enhanced molecular ordering. These findings highlight the potential of different gelatin types to produce nanofibers with distinct physicochemical properties. Overall, this study sheds light on the relationship between gelatin properties, electrospinning process conditions, and the resulting nanofiber characteristics, providing insights for tailored applications in various fields.
Fabrication And Characterization Of Gelatin Nanofibers Dissolved In Concentrated Acetic Acid
2017
Electrospinning is a simple, versatile and widely accepted technique to produce ultra-fine fibers ranging from nanometer to micron. Recently there has been great interest in developing this technique to produce nanofibers with novel properties and functionalities. The electrospinning field is extremely broad, and consequently there have been many useful reviews discussing various aspects from detailed fiber formation mechanism to the formation of nanofibers and to discussion on a wide range of applications. On the other hand, the focus of this study is quite narrow, highlighting electrospinning parameters. This work will briefly cover the solution and processing parameters (for instance; concentration, solvent type, voltage, flow rate, distance between the collector and the tip of the needle) impacting the morphological characteristics of nanofibers, such as diameter. In this paper, a comprehensive work would be presented on the research of producing nanofibers from natural polymer ...
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2015
The feasibility of using Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS)/ethanol mixtures as a benign solvent to electrospin three types of gelatin was studied. Gelatins with different chemical properties, such as Bloom, were selected and the effect of the gelatin nature and its concentration on the electrospinnability of the dope solution and on the fiber diameter of the electrospun mats were studied. Viscosity of the gelatin solution, which follows a power law relationship with the gelatin concentration, was found to significantly influence the morphology of the mats and the fiber diameter. It was demonstrated that the PBS/ethanol solvent interacted with the gelatins as a good solvent with a Flory exponent of 0.65. In addition, the effect of the solvent composition on the fiber formation process was evaluated corroborating that the ionic strength of the medium and the PBS/ethanol ratio significantly affected the morphology and the diameter of the electrospun fibers. Chemical structure and thermal stability of the electrospun gelatin mats were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Finally, cytotoxicity of the electrospun mats was analyzed by the Alamar Blue assay, using human foreskin fibroblasts (BJ-5ta), resulting in a high cell viability (80-90%) regardless the type of gelatin.
Electrospun Gelatin Nanofibres—Fabrication, Cross-linking and Biomedical Applications: A Review
Biomedical Materials & Devices
Nanofibres possess inimitable features which make them promising for varied applications in diverse fields. Electrospinning is the most versatile technique for fabrication of nanofibres. Amongst the potential application areas of nanofibres, biomedical field assumes the first place since the nanofibres, especially, biopolymer-based nanofibres can mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Gelatin which is derived from collagen is an extensively investigated biomaterial and electrospun gelatin nanofibres hold great promise to be used in tissue engineering, wound healing and drug delivery applications. This article aims to review the important research works pertaining to electrospinning of gelatin and its applications. The article comprehensively discusses the principle and instrumental setup of electrospinning, salient features of electrospinning of gelatin such as suitable solvents and the cross-linking strategies to induce stability and major biomedical applications.
Crosslinking of the electrospun gelatin nanofibers
Polymer, 2006
Gelatin (Gt) nanofibers have been prepared by using an electrospinning process in a previous study. In order to improve their water-resistant ability and thermomechnical performance for potential biomedical applications, in this article, the electrospun gelatin nanofibers were crosslinked with saturated glutaraldehyde (GTA) vapor at room temperature. An exposure of this nanofibrous material in the GTA vapor for 3 days generated a crosslinking extent sufficient to preserve the fibrous morphology tested by soaking in 37 8C warm water. On the other hand, the crosslinking also led to improved thermostability and substantial enhancement in mechanical properties. The denaturation temperature corresponding to the helix to coil transition of the air-dried samples increased by about 11 8C and the tensile strength and modulus were nearly 10 times higher than those of the as-electrospun gelatin fibers. Furthermore, cytotoxicity was evaluated based on a cell proliferation study by culturing human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) on the crosslinked gelatin fibrous scaffolds for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. It was found cell expansion took place and almost linearly increased during the course of whole period of the cell culture. The initial inhibition of cell expansion on the crosslinked gelatin fibrous substrate suggested some cytotoxic effect of the residual GTA on the cells.
Optimization of electrospinning parameters and degradation properties for Gelatin/CMC nanofibers
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
This research aimed to enhance strength of Nanofiber like Biopolymer as raw material for characterization which is popularly used in food and cosmetic industry and as medical material because it did not hazardously affect human body. This study employed Nano fiber characterization with Electrospinning Method by using gelatin/CMC, common and inexpensive biopolymer with cellulose that could strengthen Nanofiber.The fabrication of fiber scaffold by electrospinning method produced nano-fiber by dissolving gelatin in organic solvent, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, and dissolving CMC in DI water. The design of experiment was surface responds and 3 factors were analyzed including 1) gelatin concentration varied from 8-12%, CMC concentration in range of 0.6-1.0% and 3) mixture percent of CMC in range of 10-30%. After the test of tension, the highest value was 13.99Mpaderived from gelatin with 10.64% concentration, CMC with 0.81%concentration and mixture of CMC with 17.79% concentration. After that...