Transmission and reception modules to obtain georeferenced data using Global Navigation Satellite System over Controller Area Network for precision farming applications (original) (raw)
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elrond.informatik.tu-freiberg.de
test board for studying the application program and GPS sensor working status. This research work mainly describes the system architecture and programming methodology of an application program which follows some standards for agricultural machinery.
IEEE Access
Precision Agriculture (PA) refers to applications asking for reliable and highly available precise positions, at centimeter level, in most of operational scenarios. Machinery guidance, automatic steering and controlled traffic farming enable machinery to move along repeatable tracks on the field, minimizing pass-to-pass errors and overlaps. In the recent years, satellite-based navigation has also opened the door to (semi) autonomous machineries for some specific farming scenarios and operations. Farming industry is now looking to use small robots to bring efficiencies and benefits to farms, capable of complex tasks that have not been possible with traditional large-scale agricultural machinery. Even though the state-of-the-art Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers usually match the requirements posed by PA applications in open fields, propagation effects degrade the performance under foliage or with surrounding obstacles. This paper presents an experimental testbed and methodology suitable to assess the real performance of RTK GNSS-based devices in operational environments. Such testbed and methodology were effective to compare different devices, which resulted to be equivalent in open-sky conditions, but with significant differences in other types of environments. The paper also discusses opportunities and current limits of GNSS for emerging PA applications based on small robots and artificial intelligence. INDEX TERMS Global navigation satellite system (GNSS), real time kinematic (RTK), horizontal position accuracy, positions availability.
Agronomy
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) allow the determination of the 3D position of a point on the Earth’s surface by measuring the distance from the receiver antenna to the orbital position of at least four satellites. Selecting and buying a GNSS receiver, depending on farm needs, is the first step for implementing precision agriculture. The aim of this work is to compare the positioning accuracy of four GNSS receivers, different for technical features and working modes: L1/L2 frequency survey-grade Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)-capable Stonex S7-G (S7); L1 frequency RTK-capable Stonex S5 (S5); L1 frequency Thales MobileMapper Pro (TMMP); low-cost L1 frequency Quanum GPS Logger V2 (QLV2). In order to evaluate the positioning accuracy of these receivers, i.e., the distance of the determined points from a reference trajectory, different tests, distinguished by the use or not of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) differential correction data and/or an external antenna, were carried out. The r...
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The number of GNSS satellites has greatly increased over the last few decades, which has led to increased interest in developing self‐propelled vehicles. Even agricultural vehicles have a great potential for use of these systems. In fact, it is possible to improve the efficiency of machining in terms of their uniformity, reduction of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. with the aim of (i) reducing the timeframes of cultivation operations with significant economic benefits and, above all, (ii) decreasing environmental impact. These systems face some perplexity in hilly environments but, with specific devices, it is possible to overcome any signal deficiencies. In hilly areas then, the satellite‐based system can also be used to safeguard operators' safety from the risk of rollover. This paper reports the results obtained from a rural development program (RDP) in the Lazio Region 2007/2013 (measure project 1.2.4) for the introduction and diffusion of GNSS satellites systems in hilly areas.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM AND ITS WIDE APPLICATIONS
Global Positioning System (GPS) is part of satellites orbiting round the universe. It sends the details of their position in space back to earth. GPS has many applications in diverse areas. It is available to any user with a GPS receiver. It has its usefulness in military, weather conditions, vehicle location, farms, mapping and many other areas. This paper reviewed the types of GPS receivers, applications and future. KEYWORDS: GPS, U.S. Department of Defense, Application, Military, Civilians.
GNSS Network RTK for Automatic Guidance in Agriculture: Testing and Performance Evaluation
Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020, 2020
The paper reports the results of a research on validation and optimization of automatic and semi-automatic guidance systems for agricultural machinery based on Real-Time positioning services provided by GNSS Networks (NRTK). The research is based on experimental campaigns performed on test areas, located in Umbria (central Italy) on the land of six farming companies. The tests have interested many processes of the agricultural work carried out in different seasons and environmental conditions, by means of agricultural machinery of various size, power and characteristics. For the performance evaluation of different guidance systems and positioning methods, reference solutions obtained in post-processing with geodetic GNSS receivers have been utilized. To reach generalized conclusions, appropriate parameters have been defined and evaluated in order to compare the quality of the results of tests performed with different equipment and conditions, and to quantify the economic benefits achieved through the GNSS guidance systems. Further tests have been performed to evaluate the ability of machine control systems to acquire a series of useful agronomic and geometric data during the work to be included in a farm-level GIS, including the three-dimensional geometry of the crops, the creation of reports about processes and treatments and the optimization of the machine paths and related agricultural activities.