Integrative aspects of the relationship between stress and heart rate variability (original) (raw)
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Influence of Mental Stress on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability
— Stress is a huge problem in today's society. Being able to measure stress, therefore, may help to address this problem. Although stress has a psychological origin, it affects several physiological processes in the human body: increased muscle tension in the neck, change in concentration of several hormones and a change in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). The brain innervates the heart by means of stimuli via the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), which is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. The sympathetic activity leads to an increase in HR (e.g. during sports exercise), while parasympathetic activity induces a lower HR (e.g. during sleep). The two circuits are constantly interacting and this interaction is reflected in HRV. HRV, therefore, provides a measure to express the activity of the ANS, and may consequently provide a measure for stress. We therefore explored measures of HR and HRV with an imposed stressful situation. We recorded changes in HR and HRV in a group of 28 subjects at rest, and with a mental stressor. The results suggest that HR and HRV change with a mental task. HR and HRV recordings may have the potential, therefore, to measure stress levels and guide preventive measures to reduce stress related illnesses.
Impact of Heart Rate Variability on Physiological Stress: Systematic Review
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2023
Chronic stress overactivates the sympathetic nervous system, which alters the body, mind, and behavior. Purpose Stress can indeed be employed to preserve homeostasis when there is a physical or mental imbalance brought on by damaging stimuli. Currently, there isn't a standard reference point for quantifying stress. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess studies that support the use of heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of stress. Methods and Materials: Studies concerning HRV that have been published in bibliographic database from 2013 to 2023 were firstly selected. A total of 181 articles were found, 69 in Elsevier, 51 in Google Scholar, 38 PubMed, and 23 in other databases. The criteria selected were human study, HRV reactivity and the HRV as an objective indicator of psychological stress. Only human study was restrained. Finally, ten publications that fit criteria were found. Results: Majority of research selected found that HRV components changed in response...
Heart rate variability in psychosocial stress : Comparison between laboratory and real-life setting
2016
INTRODUCTION: Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the important physiological biomarkers which can be used in the context of stress and also as an indicator of cardiovascular health. In this study we aim to investigate autonomic dysregulations of stress reaction previously described in both highly anxious and allergic individuals. Similarities between these two groups were reported on level of subjective perception of stress and neuroendocrine stress reaction. In autonomic nervous system, some studies documented sympathetic hyperactivity in allergy, others found enhanced vagal activation and HRV. Results in highly anxious group document mostly decrease in HRV when compared to low anxiety controls. We assume, that Heart rate and HRV can be used as tools to investigate both sympathetic and vagal induced changes in stress reaction. To assess psychophysiological changes in stress reaction both in laboratory and “real-life” we used both settings and compare the findings in this study....
Impact of Stress on Heart Rate Variability
Proceedings of CBU in Medicine and Pharmacy
The present article traces the impacts of stress on Heart Rate Variability (HRV). The stress can be caused either through sports or a 3D serious game that simulates real life situations. The study aims to perform an analysis and evaluation of HRV in both cases. One approach is to track the impact of running on HRV. It has been found that sport increases HRV by increasing sympathetic activity. At the same time, it has been proven that professional athletes and special forces have both a high sympathetic tone and a higher parasympathetic tone than ordinary people. Another approach to a stressful situation is through Virtual Reality (VR). Not everyone can be subjected to physical exertion for various reasons; therefore the use of virtual reality in medical diagnosis is important. Two virtual reality systems can be used in medical diagnosis: systems with and without immersion. Science has proven that the greater the immersion in virtual reality, the greater the sympathetic tone. Therefo...
The Proceedings of the Second ICST International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare, 2008
Heart rate variability (HRV) has been well established to measure instantaneous levels of mental stress. Circadian patterns of HRV features have been reported but their relationships to mental stress were not studied explicitly for estimating stress levels. In this study, we investigated long term variations of HRV features to provide a reliable measure of chronic stress levels. Twenty three subjects were divided into high (n=10) and low stress group (n=13) depending their selfreporting stress scores. HRV features were calculated during five different time periods of the day. High stress group showed decreased overall variations of HRV features but similar median values to low stress group. Compared to normal sinus rhythm data during each time period, high stress group showed significantly less % difference of HRV patterns than low stress group. Our data suggested that long term variations of HRV features might be more useful to detect subjects under chronic stress.
The persistent effect of acute psychosocial stress on heart rate variability
The Egyptian Heart Journal
Background As stress occurs repetitively every day, the biological modifiers should also have enough time to restore the normal state of hemostasis; otherwise, chronic stress would be anticipated. The aim of the present study was to examine the persistence of stress based on subjective emotion, salivary cortisol, and linear and non-linear features of heart rate variability (HRV) in both genders. Methods Thirty-three healthy young volunteers (23 men and 10 women) participating in this study were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Moreover, the emotional visual analog scale (EVAS), salivary cortisol, and ECG recording in the rest state were taken before and after TSST as well as 20 min after recovery. Results According to the results of the two-way mixed model ANOVA, all volunteers showed a significant increase in EVAS after TSST which was restored to the baseline state after recovery. Notably, the women’s base of cortisol was significantly higher than men and the standar...
Autonomic stress response modes and ambulatory heart rate level and variability.
Journal of …, 2008
The major goals of this study were (1) to determine consistency of autonomic response modes to different laboratory stressors, and (2) to evaluate the strength of the association between autonomic response modes and ambulatory heart rate and variability. The sample consisted of 45 healthy participants. Parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) reactivity to and recovery from laboratory stressors (handgrip, logical-mathematical, mirror-tracing, and rumination tasks) were estimated by high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), preejection period (PEP), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Ambulatory HR was measured for 24 h on a work and a nonwork day, counterbalanced. As BRS was less reliable compared to PEP and HF-HRV, the latter two parameters were selected for the computation of SNS/PNS patterns. Autonomic modes were consistent across tasks and more stable during the recovery periods. Moreover, recovery appeared to be sensitive to the emotionality of tasks. Reactivity and recovery patterns differed as a function of gender, with women showing higher vagal tone at baseline, higher HR reactivity to the logical task, greater BRS decrease during the rumination task, and a larger decrease in vagal tone during recovery after the rumination task. After controlling for gender and baseline HR and variability, autonomic profiles during reactivity and recovery periods captured substantially different ambulatory information. Specifically, autonomic profiles during reactivity significantly predicted ambulatory HR level during waking hours, whereas autonomic profile during recovery was linked with ambulatory HRV. Coactivation of SNS and PNS activity was associated with the highest ambulatory HR levels and variability. Findings from the laboratory were consistent with a dimensional autonomic model viewing SNS and PNS contributions to heart rate on orthogonal axes and individual stress response stereotypy. Laboratory task-related autonomic reactivity and recovery may reflect parallel differences in HR level and variability in everyday life. that autonomic control of the heart cannot be viewed adequately by a bipolar model of SNS/PNS control. They developed a model of autonomic control in which response patterns are represented as vectors on an autonomic space characterized by orthogonal