Integrated modeling of water quantity and quality in the Araguari River basin, Brazil (original) (raw)
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The present paper presents a preliminary proposal for a framework for the Una River, located in the state of Pernambuco, divided into prevailing-use classes. This proposal integrates the results of an analysis of water quality parameters and a mathematical modeling performed along a section of the river. Data from six State Environmental Agency (CPRH) monitoring stations were used, which collected data for temperature, pH, DO, BOD, phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms, turbidity, and color between 2002 and 2014. The mathematical model used was QUAL-UFMG and the parameters evaluated were DO and BOD. The results showed that the DO and BOD parameters were within the limits established by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005 for Class 2, but other parameters such as phosphorus presented nonconformities. Based on this, the proposed framework for the Una River covered Classes 1 and 2. It is hoped that such a proposal will serve as a reference for the basin committee in order to discuss and deliberate on the multiple uses preponderant along the river, aiming to approve and implement the framework.
Water Quality Simulation in the Bois River, Goiás, Central Brazil
Sustainability
The Cerrado is a hotspot for biodiversity conservation and holds the headwater springs that are major Brazilian river basins. The development of industry, agriculture, and mining causes water quality deterioration. Mathematical models appear as a management tool to simulate water quality parameters and the dispersion of pollutants in water bodies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the behavior of dissolved oxygen (DO) and other parameters through the QUAL2Kw (Stream Water Quality Model) model in a river in the Brazilian Cerrado. Complementary data were obtained in four experimental measurement campaigns. The calibration results showed a good fit, especially for the DO. The most critical situation occurred in October, where DO remained below 5 mg/L for a long stretch, and the ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) presented non-compliance concerning the legal Brazilian requirements. In all campaigns, BOD remained above 5 mg/L for at least 5 km in length, disag...
Water quality assessment of the Mogi-Guaçu River in Brazil: proposal of a system-based model
Ecological Questions, 2008
The Water Code, created in 1934, was the first attempt of governmental intervention in Water Basin Management in Brazil. It was a centralized bureaucratic system established to regulate the use of water. Since the beginning, Water Management suffered significant changes and the model currently used is an integrated participative systemic model. The distribution of water resources in Brazil is very irregular, 70% of water is located in the North region, 15% to the Central-West, 12% in the South and Southeast and 3% in the Northeast region (BNDES 1997). The state of São Paulo is located in the Southeast region, which has the biggest water consumption. The Water Resources Agency of São Paulo State (CETESB) has an advanced water management system with 20 Watershed Management Committees. Groups from different social sectors compose these committees. They constitute a new kind of organization that is responsible for the watershed planning. Actually, these committees use to obtain relevant information but they are not able to develop future scenarios, objectives, strategies and temporary goals for the water basin. The Mogi-Guaçu watershed is the most important basin in São Paulo State from the economic point of view, but the river has problems of erosion, silting, flooding and low water quality. The water quality problems are due to nonpoint sources of pollution from agriculture and municipal and industrial point sources.
Ecological Questions, 2008
The Water Code, created in 1934, was the first attempt of governmental intervention in Water Basin Management in Brazil. It was a centralized bureaucratic system established to regulate the use of water. Since the beginning, Water Management suffered significant changes and the model currently used is an integrated participative systemic model. The distribution of water resources in Brazil is very irregular, 70% of water is located in the North region, 15% to the Central-West, 12% in the South and Southeast and 3% in the Northeast region (BNDES 1997). The state of São Paulo is located in the Southeast region, which has the biggest water consumption. The Water Resources Agency of São Paulo State (CETESB) has an advanced water management system with 20 Watershed Management Committees. Groups from different social sectors compose these committees. They constitute a new kind of organization that is responsible for the watershed planning. Actually, these committees use to obtain relevant information but they are not able to develop future scenarios, objectives, strategies and temporary goals for the water basin. The Mogi-Guaçu watershed is the most important basin in São Paulo State from the economic point of view, but the river has problems of erosion, silting, flooding and low water quality. The water quality problems are due to nonpoint sources of pollution from agriculture and municipal and industrial point sources.
Surface Water Quality Modeling of a watershed in the north of Rio Grande do Sul
The water crisis and the degradation of surface water resources through pollution, combined with the progressive increase in consumption has made it necessary to search for alternative sources of supply.. Because it is a finite natural resource, water is a public good that needs to be allocated among different uses and has its integrity compromised by factors such as industrial development, rapid urbanization and population growth. Considering these issues recognize and evaluate the potential of local water resources is necessary, since the River Inhandava is inserted in the north-northeastern state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the Uruguay river basin and watershed belongs to Apuaê-Inhandava. The objective of this research was to perform the modeling of surface water quality of the River Inhandava-RS. The data were inventoried quality of studies conducted in Rio were considered diffuse agricultural loads, animal waste and sewage. To assess the water quality of the Rio Inhandava, the computer model was used QUAL2Kw. The water quality has been shown, for most parameters, according to Resolution CONAMA 357/2005. The calibrated model QUAL2Kw, became an instrument to in the management of water resources, since the analysis of the results showed the selfpurification in downstream river study.
The present study the application of a water resources simulation model, based on a monthly multiobjective sequential linear programming, to provide water resources analysis for the Engenheiro Ávidos and São Gonçalo reservoirs located in the Alto Piranhas river basin in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. The São Gonçalo reservoir receives loads of untreated domestic sewage from the city of Nazarezinho through the Catolé stream. Due its water use requirements, the concentration of the main water quality parameters should be classified as Class II according to CONAMA's Brazilian law. A simulation was carried out for a span of time of 360 months. The optimized results attended all the physical and operational constraints as well as almost all the quantitative requirements, which were met with a 100% guarantee, except the irrigation of seasonal crops with water of the São Gonçalo reservoir. Regarding the water quality, the São Gonçalo reservoir initially presented excess of biochemical oxygen demand and total phosphorous and they were minimized to couple with CONAMA's law Class II requirement. The new simulation model proved to efficiently perform integrated water quali-quantitative analysis and can be an important tool to water resource managers in possible decision-making processes.
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The need for renewed and healthier water resources pushes human society to develop new management procedures that warrant provisions and that are compatible with the population and economic growth. The São Francisco River is one of the main surface water resources in Brazil and is facing environmental challenges that threaten its sustainability. In the scope of growing conflicts over water resources in the São Francisco River Basin, the present research applied surface and groundwater balances for the current situation and for three prospective water demand scenarios (a pessimistic, an optimistic and an equilibrated) referring to 2025 and 2035, considering the multiple uses of the basin. For the surface water balance, the AcquaNet Decision Support System was used, whereas for the groundwater balance, the relationship between the withdrawal flow for consumptive uses and the exploitable flow was applied. The results evidenced that there are scenarios in which the available surface wat...
Water quality prediction using the QUAL2Kw model in a small karstic watershed in Brazil
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2010
Aim: The Tancredo Neves International Airport (TNIA) complex is situated in Brazil's Fidalgo watershed. Since its construction, the TNIA complex has attracted urban development, leading to expansion of the complex and occupation of the surrounding area. However, this area lacks basic infrastructure such as wastewater treatment facilities. This paper had the objectives of calibrating and validating a water quality prediction model and of assessing the capacity of small karstic watersheds to assimilate non-point source pollutant loads; Methods: We used the QUAL2Kw model for modeling the water quality. We performed model calibration for the rainy period then validated the results for the dry period; Results: The model adequately represented the physical, chemical, and hydraulic aspects of the Fidalgo watershed. The pH, EC, TDS, TP, alkalinity and E. coli presented the closest simulation values for the rainy period. For the dry period, the best simulations were obtained for pH, EC, TDS, TP, and alkalinity. We concluded that the calibration and validation periods had similar RMSE values for flow rate, TDS and DOC. The differences were greater for pH, EC, NO 3 , TP, and E. coli. The lowest dissolved oxygen contents obtained during the calibration and validation periods were 5.4 and 4.7 mg.L-1 , respectively, both of which are higher than the minimum of 4.0 mg.L-1 established by the USEPA for the conservation of aquatic communities, but lower than the minimum of 5.0 mg.L-1 established by the Brazilian CONAMA 357. The upper limits for biochemical oxygen demand and total N and P can be met as long as the respective loads increase by no more than 0.361 kg.d-1 O 2 , 0.022 kg.d-1 N, and 0.010 kg.d-1 P, according to USEPA and 0.361 kg.d-1 O 2 and 0.012 kg.d-1 P according to CONAMA 357; Conclusions: The conservation of the water resources in this region should therefore consider the adoption of preventive measures such as protecting exposed soils and decreasing the nutrient influx from agricultural and livestock activities.
Proposal of a system‐based model to simulate river water quality in São Paulo state – Brazil
Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 2007
PurposeIn order to help watershed committees improve Basin Planning, the purpose of this study is to propose to apply system dynamic models to understand watershed conditions and to evaluate the main aspects of human impact on water quality for Brazilian rivers.Design/methodology/approachThis work makes use of the energy system language to propose a system modeling. The river is longitudinally modeled as a web of inter‐connected compartments and individually described for each control volume by differential equations.FindingsThe model considers particular and significant characteristics such as turbidity and sedimentary organic matter content of São Paulo State rivers and results in ordinary differential equations that are adequate to the Brazilian water quality database. It is expected that simulation will provide the longitudinal and temporal dynamic behavior of total phosphorus, biomass, dissolved oxygen, organic matter, benthonic organisms and fishes that will be used to evaluat...