Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Ornamental Fish Aquariums in Petshops (original) (raw)
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Surveillance of Bacteria Species in Diseased Freshwater Ornamental Fish from Aquarium Shop
2008
instance, the study of Dixon and Contreras [1] showed the A survey of bacteria disease infected in freshwater imported ornamental fish. Furthermore, the imported ornamental fish in retail pet shop in Kuala Terengganu, gourami from Asia was found infected by Yersinia Terenggganu, Malaysia was conducted from July to ruckeri, a causative agent of enteric red mouth September, 2007. The collected diseased fish were disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to Dwarf Gourami (Colisa lalia), Discus (Symphysodon survey bacterial disease infected in ornamental fish aequifasciatus), Discus Cichlids (Symphysodon spp.), in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia and antibiogram of Black Tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi), Swordtail isolated bacteria. Approximately fifty diseased freshwater (Xiphophorus helleri), Platy (Xiphophorus maculates), ornamental fish were collected from an aquarium shop in Variegated platy (Xiphophorus variatus), Black Ruby Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. They were Barb (Barbu...
Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Fish Samples Sold in Retail Market
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2020
Introduction: The uncontrolled use of antibiotics increases the emergence of resistant bacteria and makes it difficult to treat the infections. Antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in animal breeding to control bacterial infections and also as preservatives to increase shelf-life. Development of antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria has become a serious threat and growing problem for the entire population worldwide. Aim: To evaluate the Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) pattern of bacterial isolates collected from different fish samples sold in Shaqra retail market. Materials and Methods: The isolates (80) were identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Further the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test by using disc diffusion method and the MDR pattern was studied. SPSS version 23 was used for analysing the results. Results: Among the 80 isolates 28 (35%) bacterial isolates were Gram positive and 52 (65%) were Gram negative bacteria. The isolates were presumptively identified by morphological and biochemical characteristics as Aeromonas species, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter species, Proteus species, Enterococcus species, and Streptococcus species. Some of these isolates showed resistance to more than one antibiotic used in the present study. The MDR index ranged from 0.33 for Streptococcus species and 0.44 for E.coli strains which is considered as high risk contamination. Conclusion: Transfer of antibiotic resistant gene from these bacteria to pathogenic bacteria would become a serious threat for the human population in the coming future. The usage of high dose of preservatives and antibacterial agents in the fishes during storage can be avoided.
Genetics of Aquatic Organisms, 2021
This study investigated the bacteria present in natural and cultured fish species from the same aquatic system, and difference of their antibiotic resistance. A total of 129 fish, Georgian shemaya (Alburnus derjugini), black sea salmon (Salmo labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were sampled on a monthly basis between the months of October 2016 and September 2017 in Kürtün Dam Lake. A total of 41 bacterial isolates were isolated from the fishes. The bacterial species were identified by molecular methods (PCR) using universal primers for bacteria. Acinetobacter lwoffii, Acinetobacter sp., Aeromonas sobria, and Pseudomonas sp. were isolated from both wild and cultured fish. Yersinia ruckeri was isolated from cultured fish, which showed severe mortality rate and typical symptoms. Various antibiotics including ampicillin (AMP10µg), gentamicin (CN10 µg), oxytetracycline (T30 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC10µg), enrofloxacin (ENR5µg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol (TMP-S...
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), 2020
This study aimed at the microbiological analysis of retail frozen and smoked fish in Okada Edo state Nigeria. Four different retail fish samples were collected from different point of sale in Okada market. Two fresh iced and smoked samples respectively were used for the study. After sub culturing prepared samples into appropriate media, 38 bacterial isolates were obtained from primary culture plates and characterized using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on the isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. All the isolates obtained were Gram positive cocci bacteria and had a probable identity of Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. The fresh fish samples had a minimum viable count of 1.7x 106 cfu/g and a maximum count of 4x 106 cfu/g while the smoked fish samples had a minimum viable count of 1.8x 106 cfu/g and a maximum count of 8.5x 106 cfu/g. Results from this study shows that the samples do not meet the acceptable limit (5x 105 cfu/g) of the International Commission of Microbiological Specification for Food (ICMSF). The antibiotic susceptibility test showed the presence of antibiotic resistant organisms among the retail fish samples. The detection of high viable counts of bacteria isolates beyond acceptable limits and their antibiotic resistance pattern elucidates the need for continuous monitoring of retail sea foods in the environment. Prudent use of antibiotics in aquaculture should be promoted to avoid the public health impact caused by antibiotic resistance transferred from retail sea foods to humans.
Journal of Fish Diseases, 2020
Aquaculture is a rapidly growing field of food production. However, morbidity and mortality are higher in aquaculture species than in domestic animals. Bacterial diseases are a leading cause of farmed fish morbidity and are often treated with antimicrobials. Since most Swiss fish farms release effluents directly into surface water without treatment and since aquaculture fish are consumed by humans, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multi-resistance in aquaculture fish are important for environmental and public health. In this study, AMR tests for 14 antimicrobials were performed on 1,448 isolates from 1,134 diagnostic laboratory submissions from farmed and ornamental fish submissions for the period from 2000 to 2017. Amoxicillin, gentamycin and norfloxacin had the lowest proportion of resistant samples. However, AMR was highly variable over time. Resistance proportions were higher in: (a) ornamental fish compared with farmed fish, (b) fish from recirculation systems compared with those from other farming systems and (c) isolates originating from skin compared with those originating from inner organs. Multiple resistances were common. The results of this study provide useful data for Swiss fish veterinarians and some interesting hypotheses about risk factors for AMR in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland. However, further research is needed to define risk factors.
Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms and their Antibiotic Resistance in Fish from Mandya, India
The findings of a global assessment on the use of antibiotics in aquaculture revealed that fish were frequently treated with antibiotics, including prohibited medications. Antibiotic residues were detected in 25% of the aquaculture products. India is the second-largest fish producer in the world. In this study, we explore possible bacteria and evaluate their susceptibilities to antimicrobials in Mandya, Karnataka, India.The sample was collected from each of the seven taluks in the Mandya district. Conventional techniques for bacterial isolation include gram staining and biochemical assays (urease test, citrate utilization, triple sugar iron test, carbohydrate fermentation, indole test, and sulfide indole motility test) were used. An antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was performed based on the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar and interpreted using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Guideline (CLSG) 2020.A total of 63 samples were collected from seven taluks in the Mandya district. All the fish samples were culture-positive for bacteria. The prevalence of seven different organisms was detected. More isolations were from the gills 40% (30), skin 32% (24), and viscera 28% (21). Fish samples had a high rate of Staphylococcus aureus contamination (36%; 27/75).The study concluded that the fish was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Citrobacter freundii. All these pathogenic bacteria have developed resistance to at least two tested antibiotics.
International Journal of Microbiology, 2020
Fish bacterial pathogens cause diseases which result in a considerable economic impact on the aquaculture industry, necessitating the use of antimicrobials for their control. However, intensive and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials has led to increased occurrence of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria, as well as normal flora.)e aim of the current study was to determine the susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from fish, with respect to some commonly used antibiotics and disinfectants. Bacteria were isolated between December 2017 and April 2018 from farmed Nile tilapia, African catfish, goldfish, and koi carp in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility patterns of 48 isolates belonging to the genera Aeromonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Serratia, and Micrococcus were established using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion technique, respectively.)e antibiotics evaluated included ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, and chloramphenicol, while the disinfectants tested were quaternary ammonium compound, formalin, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and iodine. All the bacteria except Micrococcus, Escherichia, and Salmonella species showed multiple drug resistance patterns. Streptococcus showed resistance to six antibiotics, while Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia were resistant to five antibiotics.)e multiple antibiotic resistance index ranged from 0.1 to 0.8, with Streptococcus spp. having the highest score value. All the organisms were sensitive to gentamicin, while co-trimoxazole and ampicillin showed the highest resistance at 73% (n � 34) and 62% (n � 31), respectively. Most of the disinfectants showed antibacterial activity with varying magnitudes.)e isolates were 100% sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and formalin, but were resistant to sodium hypochlorite at recommended user-dilution.)e study has shown that some of the bacterial isolates were resistant to common antibiotics and disinfectants; thus, it is recommended to include an antibiogram whenever making any therapeutic decision.)e resistant bacteria may transmit resistance genes to other fish bacteria and also to human bacteria, thus making it difficult to treat the resultant disease(s); thus, there is a possibility that these resistant bacteria may be transmitted to humans who consume or handle the carrier fish. It is, therefore, advisable that fish are cooked properly before consumption, so as to kill bacteria that may be present.
Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B, 2021
The practice of integrated fish farming and the use of local fish meal and manure for fish feeding in Cameroon constitute potential sources of resistant pathogenic bacteria in the fish pond environment. Therefore, a periodical and constant monitoring of the microbiological quality of fish pond is imperative. This study was to assess the microbial contamination of Mfou aquaculture production site and evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of bacterial fish isolates. Samples of pond water (n = 36), sediment (n = 36), fishmeal (n = 12) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), kanga (Heterotis niloticus) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (n = 36, each) were collected to determine TVAC (Total Viable Aerobic Bacterial Count), FC (Fungal Count), SAC (Staphylococcus aureus count), TCC (Total Coliform Count) and FCC (Feacal Coliform Count). The fish skin isolates of S. aureus, Enterobacter sakazakii, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia fonticola, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Kluyvera spp., Moraxella spp., Pasteurella multocida and Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested against penicillin G (10 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (25 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), using the disk diffusion method. Results reveal a heavy contamination of fish farms with microbial load above the recommended limits. Our study indicates that fish ponds are sources of zoonotic pathogens underlining their epidemiological and clinical relevance. All bacterial isolates were multiresistant with a multiple antibiotic resistance index above 0.2. These data raise concern about the microbial contamination of aquaculture and associated public health risks in Cameroon.
PloS one, 2014
International trade with ornamental fish is gradually recognized as an important source of a wide range of different antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this study we therefore characterized the prevalence of selected antibiotic resistance genes in the microbiota found in the carriage water of ornamental fish originating from 3 different continents. Real-time PCR quantification showed that the sul1 gene was present in 11 out of 100 bacteria. tet(A) was present in 6 out of 100 bacteria and strA, tet(G), sul2 and aadA were present in 1-2 copies per 100 bacteria. Class I integrons were quite common in carriage water microbiota, however, pyrosequencing showed that only 12 different antibiotic gene cassettes were present in class I integrons. The microbiota characterized by pyrosequencing of the V3/V4 variable region of 16S rRNA genes consisted of Proteobacteria (48%), Bacteroidetes (29.5%), Firmicutes (17.8%), Actinobacteria (2.1%) and Fusobacteria (1.6%). Correlation analysis between ant...