Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Salix tetrasperma Roxb (original) (raw)
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Isolation of Flavonoid Compound and Antioxidant Activity of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Leaves
Indonesia Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, 2019
Salix Tetrasperma Roxb. is a plant that found in Indonesia were used as traditional medicine such as diabetes and wound healing. In this study, a flavonoid compound of the ethyl acetate extract of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. leaves was isolated by chromatography technique and the antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay. The isolation led to obtain 5,7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone based on NMR spectra. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with the IC 50 is 65.89 µg/mL. This study shows that the Salix tetrasperma Roxb. has good potential as source of antioxidant agent.
Antioxidants are vital substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical induced oxidative stress. A variety of free radical scavenging antioxidants exist within the body which many of them are derived from dietary sources like fruits and vegetables. In the present work, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the defatted methanolic extract of Salix tetraspermaRoxb. growing in Egypt and certain fractions (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) derived from it was determined. The ethyl acetate fraction had high phenolic and flavonoid contents (285.48 ± 2.07 mg gallic acid equivalent /g extract and 136.13 ± 2.47 mg rutin equivalent /g extract) respectively. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were evaluated using three tests; 1,1-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) method, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay and Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. The results showed that although all extracts have antioxidant activity but the ethyl acetate fraction is the highest one (SC 50 = 42.59 ± 0.38 µg/ml for DPPH method; 298.03 ± 6.85 mg ascorbic equivalent/g extract for TAC assay and 925.79± 4.74 mmolTrolox ® equivalent / 100 g extract for ABTS assay). The identification of the chemical constituent of the defatted methanolic extract of S. tetrasperma has been performed by HPLC-ESI-MS technique. It was appeared that the chemical constituent of this extract is composed of a mixture of flavonoid and phenolic acid derivatives.
Horticulturae
For a long time, species of the genus Salix have been widely utilized and studied as medicinal plants; however, the biological activity and phytochemical composition of Salix schwerinii (SS) and S. kochiana (SK) have not been studied at all. This study investigated the antioxidant properties of SS and SK extracts and detected phytochemical compounds in the extracts. The results showed that the antioxidant activities (IC50) of SS extract, SK extract, and ascorbic acid (reference) were as follows, respectively: 169.8, 79.8, and 71.2 μg mL−1 for ABTS cation radical scavenging and 38.4, 26.2, and 9.3 μg mL−1 for DPPH free radical scavenging. The results imply that SK has a high potential as a natural antioxidant. The phytochemical compositions of extracts (mg g−1) were analyzed as follows: SS extracts, 217.7 phenolics (1.54 catechin, 0.86 syringic acid, 0.46 luteolin, and others) and 5.06 salicin; SK extracts, 71.0 phenolics (0.54 catechin, 0.28 myricetin, 0.12 salicylic acid, and other...
Antioxidants, 2019
Salix spp. have been exploited for energy generation, along with folk medicine use of bark extracts for antipyretic and analgesic benefits. Bark phenolic components, rather than salicin, have demonstrated interesting bioactivities, which may ensure the sustainable bioprospection of Salix bark. Therefore, this study highlights the detailed phenolic characterization, as well as the in vitro antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibitory effects, and biocompatibility of Salix atrocinerea Brot., Salix fragilis L., and Salix viminalis L. bark polar extracts. Fifteen phenolic compounds were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection-mass spectrometry analysis, from which two flavan-3-ols, an acetophenone, five flavanones, and a flavonol were detected, for the first time, as their bark components. Salix bark extracts demonstrated strong free radical scavenging activity (5.58–23.62 µg mL−1 IC50 range), effective inhibition on...
Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016
Objectives. Salvia fruticosa Mill. (S. fruticosa) is widely used in folk medicine. Accordingly, the present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of S. fruticosa, and to determine the phenolic constituents of its extracts. Methods. The antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay. Total phenolic contents were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and high-performance liquid chromatography was performed to identify phenolic constituents. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema was determined plethysmographically. Key Findings. Different plant extracts demonstrated strong radical scavenging activity, where the ethyl acetate extract had the highest value in the roots and the lowest in the aerial parts. This antioxidant activity was correlated to the total phenolic content of different extracts, where rutin and luteolin were the most abundant constituents. Interestingly, both the roots and aerial parts revealed a significant anti-inflammatory activity comparable to diclofenac. Conclusions. This study is the first to demonstrate pharmacologic evidence of the potential anti-inflammatory activity of S. fruticosa. This activity may partly be due to the radical scavenging effects of its polyphenolic contents. These findings warrant the popular use of the East Mediterranean sage and highlight the potential of its active constituents in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
Antioxidant, antiinflammatory activities and HPLC analysis of South African< i> Salvia species
Food Chemistry, 2010
The antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of the methanol:chloroform (1:1) extracts of 16 Salvia species indigenous to South Africa were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2 0azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays and compared to the control values obtained with Trolox Ò . Nearly all the solvent extracts displayed antioxidant activity, with the IC 50 value ranging from 1.6 to 74.5 lg/ml using DPPH Å , whilst the IC 50 values ranged from 11.9 to 69.3 lg/ml, when tested with ABTS Å+ . The extract of Salvia schlechteri, with an IC 50 value of 1.6 lg/ml, was three times more active than the reference compound, Trolox Ò (IC 50 value: 2.51 lg/ml). The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using the 5-lipoxygenase assay. With the exception of Salvia radula (IC 50 value: 78.8 lg/ml), the extracts displayed poor inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, with all IC 50 values being greater than 100 lg/ml. The total phenolic content based on gallic acid equivalents (GAE) confirmed the presence of total soluble phenolics in the various extracts from 45 to 211 mg of GAE per g dry sample and showed strong association (r 2 = 0.90) with antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify various compounds in the extracts. Betulafolientriol oxide and rosmarinic acid were detected in all the species investigated, and rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, carnosol and oleanolic acid/ursolic acid were abundant in many species.
Antioxidant, antiinflammatory activities and HPLC analysis of South African Salvia species
Food Chemistry, 2010
The antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of the methanol:chloroform (1:1) extracts of 16 Salvia species indigenous to South Africa were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2 0azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays and compared to the control values obtained with Trolox Ò . Nearly all the solvent extracts displayed antioxidant activity, with the IC 50 value ranging from 1.6 to 74.5 lg/ml using DPPH Å , whilst the IC 50 values ranged from 11.9 to 69.3 lg/ml, when tested with ABTS Å+ . The extract of Salvia schlechteri, with an IC 50 value of 1.6 lg/ml, was three times more active than the reference compound, Trolox Ò (IC 50 value: 2.51 lg/ml). The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using the 5-lipoxygenase assay. With the exception of Salvia radula (IC 50 value: 78.8 lg/ml), the extracts displayed poor inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, with all IC 50 values being greater than 100 lg/ml. The total phenolic content based on gallic acid equivalents (GAE) confirmed the presence of total soluble phenolics in the various extracts from 45 to 211 mg of GAE per g dry sample and showed strong association (r 2 = 0.90) with antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify various compounds in the extracts. Betulafolientriol oxide and rosmarinic acid were detected in all the species investigated, and rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, carnosol and oleanolic acid/ursolic acid were abundant in many species.
Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2016
Objectives. Salvia fruticosa Mill. (S. fruticosa) is widely used in folk medicine. Accordingly, the present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of S. fruticosa, and to determine the phenolic constituents of its extracts. Methods. The antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay. Total phenolic contents were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and high-performance liquid chromatography was performed to identify phenolic constituents. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema was determined plethysmographically. Key Findings. Different plant extracts demonstrated strong radical scavenging activity, where the ethyl acetate extract had the highest value in the roots and the lowest in the aerial parts. This antioxidant activity was correlated to the total phenolic content of different extracts, where rutin and luteolin were the most abundant constituents. Interestingly, bo...
2015
Salsola is one of the largest and most important genera in the family Chenopodiaceae. Salsola species are used for their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anthelmintic and antipruritic effects and also as diuretic in traditional medicines worldwide. The aim of the present study is to assess the activity potential of the extracts, subextracts and isolated compounds from the aerial parts of and Salsola grandis, an endemic species in Turkey in a scientific platform. The effects of the extracts, subextracts and isolated compounds were investigated using in vivo experimental models of inflammation and pain in mice, and also total phenolic content of the plant was determined. For the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema and for the assessment of antinociceptive activity, p-benzoquinone-induced nociception tests in mice were employed. The crude ethanol extract of the plant was sequentially fractionated into five subextracts, namely n-hexane, CHCl3, ...
The objective of this work is to determine the primary metabolites and functional principles and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of silver sage Salvia argentea, an herbaceous plant growing in Algeria. Physicochemical analyzes performed for the first time revealed appreciable levels of primary metabolites. It contains for the leaves and roots, respectively, a moisture content of 9.50 ± 0.01% and 8.63 ± 0.16%, ash content of 14.68 ± 0.10% and 9.03 ± 0.04% and for the fat content a rate of 2.92 ± 0.11% and 3.94 ± 0.05%. The aerial and subterranean parts of S. argentea, have respectively contents of 10.73 ± 0.18% and 5.23 ± 0.32% of proteins. On the other hand, poverty in sugars in the roots was observed (0.15 ± 0.12%) compared to leaves (4.13 ± 0.04%). The mean polyphenol contents of leaves and roots in methanolic and aqueous extracts were 87.13 ± 0.32-55.64 ± 0.35 mg GAE/g and 71.80 0.79-48.20 0.79 mg GAE/g. The flavonoids were 59.97 ± 0.21-31.22 ± 0.49 mg CE/g and 44.16 ± 0.60-18.12 ± 0.54 mg CE/g and tannins respectively of 3.70 ± 0.09-5.58 ± 0.13 mg CE/g and 4.01 ± 0.16-5.83 ± 0.09 mg CE/g. In addition, the extracts tested showed appreciable antioxidant powers using the FRAP iron reduction method and the free radical scavenging method DPPH. The IC50s range from 45.42 ± 0.46 to 416.12 ± 0.26 µg/ml. This study indicates that S. argentea may be a potential source of antioxidants used for therapeutic purposes.